Pı̇lotlarda Bı̇lı̇nçlı̇ Farkındalık Düzeyı̇ İle Algılanan Stres Düzeyı̇ Arasındakı̇ İlı̇şkı̇de Yaşam Tatmı̇nı̇nı̇n Aracılık Rolü

Öz

Havayolu pilotları; yoğun konsantrasyon gerekliliği, değişen hava koşullarına uyum sağlama ve uçuş aksaklıklarını önlemek için hızlı kararlar almak noktasındaki iş taleplerinin söz konusu olduğu, stres düzeyi yüksek bir meslek icara etmektedirler. Bu stres faktörlerinin anlaşılması çalışma koşullarını iyileştirebilir ve dolaylı olarak uçuş güvenliğini de artırabilir. Bu çalışma, bilişsel ve duyuşsal bilinçli farkındalık, yaşam tatmini ve pilotların algıladıkları stres seviyelerinin birbirleriyle nasıl ilişkili olduğunu araştırmayı ve böylelikle potansiyel olarak daha iyi çalışma koşulları ve daha iyi düzeyde uçuş güvenliği sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, 130 ticari havayolu pilotuna yaşam tatmini, algılanan stres, bilişsel ve duyuşsal bilinçli farkındalık ve sosyodemografik birtakım özellikleri içeren ölçeklerin yer aldığı anket formları dağıtılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmak için korelasyon analizleri yapılırken, demografik karşılaştırmaları incelemek için bağımsız örneklem T-testleri ve tek yönlü ANOVA kullanılmış ve yaşam tatmininin aracılık rolünü değerlendirmek için aracılık analizleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular, bilişsel ve duyuşsal bilinçli farkındalık, yaşam tatmini ve algılanan stres arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, bilişsel ve duyuşsal bilinçli farkındalık ile algılanan stres arasındaki ilişkide yaşam tatmininin önemli bir aracı rolü olduğunu öne süren araştırma hipotezi desteklenmiştir. Bulgular, stresle başa çıkma stratejilerinin iyileştirilmesi ve özel destek programlarının geliştirilmesi yoluyla pilotların psikolojik sağlığının iyileştirilmesi için bir temel sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilinçli farkındalık
• Algılanan stres
• Yaşam memnuniyeti
• Havayolu pilotları
• Destek programları

The Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction in the Relationship Between Mindfulness Level and Perceived Stress Level in Pilots

Öz

Airline pilots face a high-stress profession, with demands for intense concentration, adapting to changing weather, and making quick decisions to avoid flight disruptions impacting their stress levels. Understanding these stress factors can improve working conditions and indirectly boost flight safety. The study aims to explore how cognitive and affective mindfulness, life satisfaction, and pilots’ perceived stress levels interrelate, potentially leading to better working conditions and enhanced flight safety. For this purpose, 130 commercial airline pilots completed questionnaires regarding their life satisfaction, perceived stress, cognitive and affective mindfulness, and sociodemographic characteristics. Correlation analyses were performed to explore the relationships between variables, while independent sample T-tests and one-way ANOVA were utilized to examine demographic comparisons, and mediational analyses were conducted to assess the mediating role of life satisfaction. The findings indicate a significant relationship among cognitive and affective mindfulness, life satisfaction, and perceived stress. Furthermore, the research hypothesis positing a significant mediating role of life satisfaction in the relationship between cognitive and affective mindfulness and perceived stress was supported. The findings provide a basis for enhancing pilots’ psychological health through the improvement of stress coping strategies and the development of specialized support programs in the civil aviation sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mindfulness
• Perceived stress
• Life satisfaction
• Airline pilots
• Support programmes

Kaynakça

1. Akçakanat, T. & Köse, S. (2018). Mindfulness: a conceptual review. International Journal of Business Economics and Management Per-spectives, 2 (2), 16-28. google scholar
2. Akçakaya, R. and Erden, S. (2014). PsycHiatric approacH in coping witH stress and stress. The Journal of Turkish Family Physician, 5(2), 18-25. google scholar
3. Akdaş, K. (2017). Positive psychological capital, job stress and turnover intention relationship: Erzurum and Denizli application, Master’s THesis, Atatürk University Institute of Social Sciences. google scholar
4. Akdeniz, H. (2021). THe mediating role of psychological capital and self-regulation in the relationship between conscious awareness and work attitudes. Master’s THesis, Uludag University Institute of Social Sciences. google scholar
5. Aknin, L. B., Barrington-LeigH, C. P., Dunn, E. W., Helliwell, J. F., Burns, J., Biswas-Diener, R., Kemeza, I., Nyende, P., AsHton-James, C. E., & Norton, M. I. (2013). Prosocial spending and well-being: Cross-cultural evidence for a psycHological universal. Journal of Person-ality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 635-652. google scholar
6. Aktepe, İ., & Tolan, Ö. (2020). Mindfulness: A current review. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 12(4), 534-561. google scholar
7. Altan, S. (2018). Organizational structure-related stress sources and tHe main problems caused by organizational stress. Journal of Strategic and Social Research, 2(3), 137-158. google scholar
8. Altıntaş, F. Ç. (2006). THe guiding effect of individual values on tHe relationsHip between organizational justice and outcomes: an analy-sis on academic staff. Dokuz Eylül University Journal of Business Administration Faculty, 7(2), 19-40. Aydın, K. (2010). Coping with Stress, Nobel Publication Distribution, Ankara. google scholar

9. Arslan, G. (2017). Psychological maltreatment, forgiveness, mindfulness, and internet addiction among young adults: A study of media-tion effect. Computers in Human BeHavior, pp. 57-66. google scholar
10. Atalay, Z. (2019). Mindfulness-bilinçli farkındalık: Farkındalıkla anda kalabilme sanatı. İnkılap, Yayınevi. İstanbul. google scholar
11. Ateş, Ö. & Aldawoodi, M. (2021). Stresin performans üzerine etkisi: Türkiye’de kamu bankaları ve özel bankalar üzerine bir araştırma. Muhasebe ve denetime bakış, 21 (63), 203-222. google scholar
12. Aydın, Ö. (2018). The effects of perceived organizational support and organizational cynicism on turnover intention: A research on Ataturk airport representation, supervision and management services companies. Master’s THesis, Arel University Institute of Social Sciences. google scholar
13. Baqutayan, SMS. (2015). Stress and Coping MecHanisms: A Historical Overview. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2), 479-488. google scholar
14. Barbara, J.B. (1998). Stress Management: staying calm under fire (Translation: Vedat G. Diker), Hayat Yayınları, Istanbul. google scholar
15. Başçı, Z. (2018). Investigation of Perceived Stress Level in Health Workers. Master’s THesis, Üsküdar University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Clinical PsycHology google scholar
16. Basım, H.N., & Çetin, F. (2011) Reliability and validity study of psycHological resilience scale for adults. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 22(2), 104-114 google scholar
17. Baykal, Ü.,&Türkmen, E. (2014). Nursing Services Management. Akademi Printing and PublisHing, Istanbul. google scholar
18. Becker, H. C. (2017). Influence of stress Associated witH cHronic alcoHol exposure ondrinking. Neuropharmacology, 122, 115-126. google scholar
19. Bedel, E.F. (2016). Mindfulness approach in preschool education. International Congress of Educational ResearcH, 8, 1993-1998. google scholar
20. BisHop, S. R. (2002). WHat do we really know about Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction? Psychosomatic Medicine, 64(1), 71-84. google scholar
21. Brewer, J. A., Davis, J. H., & Goldstein, J. (2013). Why is it so hard to pay attention, or is it? mindfulness, the factors of awakening and reward-based learning. Mindfulness, 4, 75-80. google scholar
22. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). THe benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psycHological well-being. Personality and Social PsYchologY, 84(4), 822-848. google scholar
23. Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: tHeoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychol Inq, 18, 211-237. google scholar
24. Budak, A. M., & Kocabaş, E. Ö. (2019). Dialectical beHavior tHerapy and skills training: Usage areas and its importance in preventive mental HealtH. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar- Current Approaches in PsYchiatrY, 11(2), 192-204. google scholar
25. Cassidy, C. ve O’Connor, LC. (2004). Perceived discrimination and psycHological distress: THe role of personal and etHnic self-esteem, Journal of Counseling PsYchologY, 51(3), 329- 339. google scholar
26. Çelik, M., Sanberk, İ., & Deveci, F. (2017). PsycHological Resilience and Hopelessness as Predictors of Life Satisfaction of Prospective TeacHers. lköğretim Online, 16(2), 654-654. google scholar
27. Cenkseven-Önder, F. (2015). Subjective Well-Being. In S. Doğan Ed., Life Satisfaction Selected Topics. Nobel Academic PublisHing, Is-tanbul. google scholar
28. Çoban, R. (2013). Stresin İş Performansına Etkisi Arif Cerit Buldan Devlet Hastanesi Örneği, Master’s THesis, Beykent University Institute of Social Sciences. google scholar
29. CoHen, S. Gianaros, J P, Manuck BS. (2016). A stage model of stress and disease. Perspect PsYchol Sci, 11(4), 456-463. google scholar
30. Cosman D. (2010). PsiHologie Medicala, Ed. Polirom, 14(8): 300-302. google scholar
31. Cullen, P., CaHill, J., & Gaynor, K. (2017, October 23-25). Pilot wellbeing [Paper presentation]. FligHt Safety Foundation 2017 - 70tH Inter-national Air Safety Submit (IASS), Dublin google scholar
32. Dağli, A., & Baysal, N. (2016). Adaptation of Life Satisfaction Scale to TurkisH: Validity and Reliability Study. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 15(59), 1250-1262. google scholar
33. Damcı, T. (2016). THere is a way: CHanging lifestyle witH mindfulness. Doğan Novus, Istanbul. google scholar
34. Dede, H. (2013). Stress Level in Intensive Care Nurses and Methods to Combat Stress (The Case of Denizli State Hospital and Denizli Servergazi State Hospital), Master’s THesis, Beykent University Institute of Social Sciences. google scholar
35. Denizsever, S. (2017). Determination of the relationship between decision making and work stress in nurses, Master’s THesis, Okan Uni-versity Institute of HealtH Sciences. google scholar
36. Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & OisHi, S. (2002). Sujective Well-Being: The Science of Happiness and Life Satisfaction. İçinde C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez, Handbook of positive psycHology (ss. 463-473). Oxford University Press. google scholar
37. Diener, E., OisHi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, Culture, and Subjective Well-Being: Emotional and Cognitive Evaluations of Life. Annual Review of PsYchologY, 54, 403-425. google scholar
38. Dost, M.T. (2007). Investigation of life satisfaction of university students according to some variables. Pamukkale UniversitY Journal of FacultY of Education, 22(22), 132-143. google scholar
39. Eren, E. (2017). Organizational Behavior and Management PsYchologY (16tH Edition). Beta PublisHing, Istanbul. google scholar
40. Ersin, K., & Karakale, B. (2018). PsycHological resilience in terms of employee psycHology. Hak İş International Journal of Labor and Society, 7(17), 55-77. google scholar
41. Erus, S.M. & Deniz, M.E. (2020). A review study on interpersonal mindfulness. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 13 (79), 67-80. google scholar
42. Eskici, K. (2022). THe role of anxietY and conscious awareness in the prediction of life satisfaction (Master’s THesis). Istanbul SabaHattin Zaim University, Istanbul. google scholar
43. Flanagan, J. C. (1978). A researcH approacH to improving our quality of life. American PsYchologist, 33(2), 138-147. google scholar
44. Frey, B. S., LuecHinger, S., & Stutzer, A. (2004). Valuing Public Goods: THe Life Satisfaction ApproacH (SSRN ScHolarly Paper ID 528182). Social Science Research Network google scholar
45. Garland, E. L., Farb, N. A., Goldin, P., and Frederickson, B. L. (2015b). Mindfulness broadens awareness and Builds Eudaimonic mean-ing. PsYchol. Inq. 26, 293-314. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2015.1064294 google scholar
46. Gedik, G. (2018). Mindfulness and self-acceptance. Journal of Academic Social Research, 6 (71), 615-626. google scholar
47. Gökler, R. and Işıtan, İ. (2012). THe disease of tHe modern age; stress and its effects. Journal of HistorY, Culture and Art Research, 1(3), 154-168. google scholar
48. Gross, J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. PsYchophYsiologY, 39(3),281-291.doi:10.1017/ S0048577201393198 google scholar
49. Güçlü, N. (2001). Stress management. Gazi University Gazi Education Faculty Journal, 21(1), 91-109. google scholar
50. Güler, A. (2020). The relationship between preschool teachers’ perceived organizational support and self-efficacy and professional self-esteem, Master’s THesis, Anadolu University Institute of Educational Sciences, google scholar
51. Gümüştekin, GE. and Gültekin, F. (2010). THe interaction between stress sources and career management: an application on stock ex-cHange brokerage House employees. Journal ofAcademic Overview, 20, 1-21. google scholar
52. Gündoğar, D., Gül, S. S., Uskun, E., Demirci, S., Keçeci, D. (2007). Investigation of factors predicting life satisfaction in university students. Clinical Psychiatry, 10(1), 14-27. google scholar
53. Güney, S. (2012). Organizational Behavior. Nobel PublisHing House, Istanbul. google scholar
54. Gürbüz, S., & Bayik, M. E. (2021). A new approacH for mediation analysis: Is Baron and Kenny’s metHod still valid? TurkisH Journal of PsycHology, 36(88), 15-19. Https://doi.org/10.31828/tpd1300443320191125m000031 google scholar
55. Hayes, S. C., Pistorello, J., & Levin, M. E. (2012). Acceptance and commitment tHerapy as a unified model of beHavior cHange. The Coun-sellng PsYchologist, 40(7), 976-1002. google scholar
56. Helpguide (2020). Stress Symptoms, Signs, and Causes, Https://www.Helpguide.org/articles/stress/stress-symptoms-signs-and-causes.Htm adresinden erişildi. google scholar
57. Işık, U., Karakullukçu, Ö.F. & Güngörmüş, H.A. (2020). THe effect of mindfulness on psycHological well-being. Journal of Sport and Edu-catlon Sclences, 7 (1), 49-61. google scholar
58. Ji, M., Yang, C., Li, Y., Xu, Q., & He, R. (2018). THe influence of trait mindfulness on incident involvement among CHinese airline pilots: THe role of risk perception and fligHt experience. Journal of SafetY Research, 66, 161-168. google scholar
59. Jordi B. ve David J. (2015). Cooper, Centralized vs. Decentralized Management: an Experimental Study, Barcelona GSE Woking Paper Series, Working Paper no 854. google scholar
60. Kaba, İ. (2019). Stress, mental HealtH and stress management: a current review. Journal of Academlc Overvlew, 73, 63-81. google scholar
61. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013). Full Catastrophe Llvlng: Uslng the Wlsdom of Your BodY and Mlnd to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness. Bantam. google scholar
62. Kabunga, A. Ve KiHoro, MF. (2014). Work stress and coping strategies among social workers: A case of NortHern Uganda. Internatlonal Journal of Llberal Arts and Soclal Sclence, 2(8), 33-38. google scholar
63. Kang, C., & WHittingHam, K. (2010). Mindfulness: a dialogue between BuddHism and clinical psycHology. Mlndfulness, 161-173. google scholar
64. Kang, YS. (2011). Stress management and mind-body medicine: focusing on relaxation and meditation. Journal of the Korean Medlcal Assoclatlon, 54(3), 284-293. google scholar
65. Kara, B. (2019). Determlnatlon of Nurslng Students’ Percelved Stress Level and Coplng Methods(Master’s THesis). University Institute of HealtH Sciences. google scholar
66. Karabacak, G. (2013). Examlnatlon of the effects of work-famllY confllct on work and llfe satlsfactlon ln terms of work stress and per-celved soclal support on hotel staff, Doctoral Dissertation, Adnan Menderes University Institute of Social Sciences. google scholar
67. Karadeniz, B. (2023). Investlgatlon of Blllnçll Farkındalık ve Pslkolojlk DaYanıklılık DüzeYlerlnln İncelenmesl Master’s THesis Atatürk University Winter Sports and Sports Sciences Institute Sports Management Department. google scholar
68. Kaya, S. (2023). The Relatlonshlp Between Llfe Satlsfactlon and Interpersonal Consclous Awareness Levels of Marrled Indlvlduals Master’s THesis Istanbul SabaHattin Zaim University Institute of Postgraduate Education Department of Family Counseling and Education google scholar
69. Kaymaz, K. (2019). A researcH on gender-based differences in organizational stress perception and stress sources. Buslness and Eco-nomlcs Research Journal, 10(2), 483-498. google scholar
70. Kaynak, Ü. & Güven, M. (2017). THe effectiveness of mindfulness development based on cognitive beHavioral tecHniques. Internatlonal Journal of Soclal Research, 10 (51), 746-753. google scholar
71. Kiesler, D. J. (1966). Some mytHs of psycHotHerapy researcH and tHe searcH for a paradigm. PsYchologlcal Bulletln, 65, 110-136. google scholar
72. Kim-Prieto, C., Diener, E., Tamir, M., Scollon, C., & Diener, M. (2005). Integrating THe Diverse Definitions of Happiness: A Time-Sequential Framework of Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Happlness Studles, 6(3), 261-300. google scholar
73. Kocaarslan, B. (2016). Mlndfulness, learnlng strategles and learnlng stYles ln professlonal muslc educatlon. Doctoral THesis, Marmara University Institute of Educational Sciences. google scholar
74. Kocagazioğlu, S. (2019). The relatlonshlp between falr world bellef, burnout, job satlsfactlon and llfe satlsfactlon ln emploYees worklng ln the forenslc field, PHD THesis, Istanbul University- CerraHpaşa Department of Social Sciences. google scholar
75. Kong, F. Wang, X. ve ZHao, J. (2014). Dispositional mindfulness and life satisfaction: tHe role of core self-evaluations. PersonalltY And Indlvldual Dlfferences, 56, 165-169. google scholar
76. Körükcü, Ö., & Kukulu, K. (2015). A program for protecting body-mind-spirit integrity: Awareness-based stress reduction program. PsY-chlatrlde Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 7(1), 68-80. google scholar
77. Köse, H. (2013). Sources of stress and stress management in organizations. Journal of ABMYO, 29(30), 37-44. google scholar
78. Koussaifi, M, Habib, C, MakHoul, A. (2018). Real-time stress evaluation using wireless body sensor networks. Wlreless DaYs (WD), 37-39. Kuyken, W., Crane, R., & Dalgleish, T. (2012). Does mindfulness based cognitive therapy prevent relapse of depression? BMJ, 345. google scholar
79. Lazarus, RS. (2006). Emotions and interpersonal relationsHip: toward a person-centered conceptualization of emotions and coping. Journal of Personality, 74(1), 9-46. google scholar
80. Levey, J., & Levey, M. (2018). Roots and SHoots of Mindfulness. Subtle Energies, 28(3). google scholar
81. Li X, Ma L and Li Q (2022) How Mindfulness Affects Life Satisfaction: Based on tHe Mindfulness-to-Meaning THeory. Front. PsycHol. 13:887940. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887940 google scholar
82. Lucas, R. E. (2005). Time Does Not Heal All Wounds: A Longitudinal Study of Reaction and Adaptation to Divorce. Psychological Science, 16(12), 945-950. google scholar
83. Martinussen, M., & Hunter, D.R. (2009). Aviation PsycHology and Human Factors (1st ed.). CRC Press. Https://doi.org/10.1201/ 9781439808443 google scholar
84. McClernon, C. K., McCauley, M. E., O’Connor, P. E., & Warm, J. S. (2011). Stress training Improves performance during a stressful fligHt. Human Factors. Https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0018720811405317, 207-218. google scholar
85. Miller, E. (2021). Mindfulness workshop for airline pilots Mindfulness Studies THeses. 49. Https://digitalcommons.lesley.edu/ mindfulness_tHeses/49 google scholar
86. MoorHead, G. ve Griffin, RW. (2001). Organizational Behavior, Managing People and Organizations, SixtH Edition. HougHton Mifflin Com-pany, Boston, New York, 223-233. google scholar
87. Morimoto, H., & SHimada, H. (2015). THe relationsHip between psycHological distress and coping strategies: THeir perceived accept-ability witHin a socio-cultural context of employment, and tHe motivation beHind tHeir cHoices. International Journal of Stress Management, 22(2), 159-182. Https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038484 google scholar
88. Ninivaggi, F. J. (2019). Learned Mindfulness: Physician Engagement and MD Wellness. Academic Press, Oxford. google scholar
89. O’Connor, DB, THayer, JF, ve VedHara, K. (2020). Stress and HealtH: A Review of PsycHobiological Processes. Annual Review of Psychology, 72, 663-688 google scholar
90. Odabaş, B. (2023). The Relationship Between Anxiety Sensitivity and Conscious Mindfulness Master’s THesis Üsküdar University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Clinical PsycHology google scholar
91. Oflaz, M. (2018). The effect of work stress on employee motivation and an application for this, PHD THesis, Istanbul Aydın University Institute of Social Sciences. google scholar
92. Ögel, K. (2015). Third wave in Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapies: awareness (discrimination) and acceptance-based therapies. Boylam PsycHiatry Institute, Istanbul. google scholar
93. Özbay, E. (2007). İstanbul İlinde Askeri Hastanelerde Çalışan Yönetici Hemşirelerin Stres Kaynakları ve Başa Çıkma Yöntemlarının Belirlenmesi, Master’s THesis, Marmara University Institute of HealtH Sciences. google scholar
94. Özel, Y. and Karabulut, AB. (2018). Daily life and stress management. Turkish Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 1(1), 48-56. google scholar
95. Raingruber, B., & Robinson, C. (2007). THe effectiveness of tai cHi, yoga, meditation, and reiki Healing sessions in promoting HealtH and enHancing problem solving abilities of registered nurses. Ment Health Nurs, 28, 1141-1155. google scholar
96. Robbins, SP.& Judge, TA. (2015). Organizational Behavior (14.Baskı). Nobel Yayıncılık, İstanbul. google scholar
97. Rom, O. ve Reznick, AZ. (2016). THe Stress Reaction: A Historical Perspective. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 905,1-4. google scholar
98. Russell, G. ve LigHtman, S. (2019). THe Human Stress Response. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 15(9), 525-534. google scholar
99. ŞaHin, A. (2019). THe RelationsHip Between Mindfulness and Life Satisfaction and Well-Being in University Students. Üsküdar University Journal of Social Sciences(8), 151-176. google scholar
100. ŞaHin, M. (2019). Fear, anxiety and anxiety disorders. Eurasian Journal of Social and Economic Research, 6(10), 117-135. google scholar
101. ŞaHin, N.H. & Yeniçeri, Z. (2015). THree tools on mindfulness: psycHological mindfulness, integrative self-awareness, and Toronto wise mindfulness scales. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 30 (76), 48-64. google scholar
102. Şanlı, Ö. (2017). Investigation of teacHers’ perceived stress levels in terms of various variables. Electronic journal of social sciences, 16(61), 385-396. google scholar
103. Sarıçalı, M. & Satıcı, S.A. (2017). THe mediating role of sHyness in tHe relationsHip between mindfulness and psycHological vulnerability. Hitit University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 10 (1), 655-670. google scholar
104. Sayıldı, H. (2020). İş-aile çatışması ve iş stresinin işgören performansına etkisi üzerine bir araştırma, Master’s THesis, Karabük University Faculty of Business Administration. google scholar
105. ScHneiderman, N. (2005). Stress and HealtH: psycHological, beHavioral, and biological determinants. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 1, 607-628. google scholar
106. Siegel, R. D., Germer, C. K., & Olendzki, A. (2009). Mindfulness: wHat is it? wHere did it come from? In Clinical Handbook of Mindfulness, 17-35. google scholar
107. Simsek, E. (2011). The Effects of Organizational Communication and Personality Characteristics on Life Doyumuna, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Anadolu University. google scholar
108. SingH, K., and JHa, S. D. (2008). Positive and negative affect, and grit as predictors of Happiness and life satisfaction. J. Indian Acad. Appl. PsYchol. 34, 40-45. google scholar
109. Sirgy, M. J., MicHalos, A. C., Ferriss, A. L., Easterlin, R. A., Patrick, D., & Pavot, W. (2006). THe Quality-of-Life (QOL) ResearcH Movement: Past, Present, and Future. Social Indicators Research, 76(3), 343-466. google scholar
110. Sirim, M. (2021). Investigation of the Mediating Role of Cognitive Distortions in the Relationship Between Dating and Life Satisfaction in google scholar
111. Young Adults, Istanbul Kent University, UnpublisHed Master’s THesis. google scholar
112. Sökmen, A. and Şimşek, T. (2016). Organizational Commitment, Organizational Identification, Stress and Turnover Intention Relation-sHip: ResearcH in a Public Institution. Gazi UniversitY Journal of FacultY of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 18(3), 606-620. google scholar
113. Soysal, A. (2009). Organizational Stress Sources in Employees Working in Different Sectors: A ResearcH in KaHramanmaraş and Gaziantep. SüleYman Demirel UniversitY, Journal of FacultY of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 14(2), 333-359. google scholar
114. Stewart, JS, Tong, W, WHitfeld, MJ. (2018). THe associations between psycHological stress and psoriasis: a systematic review. The Inter-national SocietY of DermatologY, 57, 1275-1282. google scholar
115. Teğin, B. R. (2019). The Mediating Effect of Work-Related Stress on the Relationship between Workload and EmploYee Burnout: The Mod-erating Role of Perceived Organizational Justice, Master’s THesis, BaHçeşeHir University Institute of Social Sciences. google scholar
116. Troup, C. ve Dewe, P. (2002). Exploring tHe Nature of Control and Its Role in tHe Appraisal of Workplace Stress. Work & Stres, 16(4), 335-355. google scholar
117. Tutar, H. (2004). Crisis and Stress Management, Seçkin Publications, Istanbul. google scholar
118. Ülev, E. (2014). THe relationship between the level of mindfulness and stress coping stYle with depression, anxietY and stress sYmptoms in universitY students. Master’s tHesis, Hacettepe University. google scholar
119. Valles-Catalâ, T., Pedret, A., Ribes, D., Medina, D. & Traveria M., (2020). Effects of Stress on Performance during HigHly Demanding Tasks in Student Pilots, The International Journal of Aerospace PsYchologY, doi: 10.1080/24721840.2020.1841564 google scholar
120. Windle, G., & Woods, R. T. (2004). Variations in Subjective Wellbeing: THe Mediating Role of a PsycHological Resource. Ageing & SocietY, 24(4), 583-602. google scholar
121. Yaribeygi, H. PanaHi, Y, SaHraei, H, JoHnston, T, SaHebkar. (2017). THe ımpact of stress on body functıon: A revıew. EXCLI Journal, 16, 1057-1072. google scholar
122. Yavan, Ö. and Pekkaya, M. (2017). Determination of tHe Importance Degrees of tHe Main Factors Affecting Occupational Stress: An Ap-plication in a University. International Journal of Management Economics and Business, 13(5), 962-974. google scholar
123. Yetim, Ü. (2001). Toplumdan bireye mutluluk pictures 1st Edition, Istanbul: Bağlam Publications. google scholar
124. Yıldırım, O. (2023). Ergenlerde EbeveYn Akademik Başarı Baskısı Ve Destek ile Yaşam DoYumu Arasındaki İlişkide Bilişsel Çarpıtmalar google scholar
125. Aracı Rolü Master’s THesis Gaziantep University Institute of Educational Sciences Department of Educational Sciences google scholar
126. Yıldırım, Y. (2010). Investigation of the relationship between organizational stress and burnout levels of academic staff in phYsical ed-ucation and sports colleges, Doctoral Dissertation, Ondokuz Mayıs University HealtH Sciences Institute. google scholar
127. Yıldız, S. (2023). Investigation of Perceived Stress Levels of Nurses Working in a Private Branch Hospital According to the Units TheY Work Master’s THesis Üsküdar University Institute of HealtH Sciences Department of Nursing google scholar
128. Zabojnik, J. (2002). Centralized and Decentralized Decision Making in Organizations, Journal of Labor Economics, 20, 1-22, 5-6 google scholar