A Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Traditional vs. MPL (Multi-Crew Pilot License) Training Pathways on Operational Performance: A 15-Month FDM Data Study

Öz

Quantitative data on the long-term operational impact of the Multi-Crew Pilot License (MPL) model, which has emerged as a competency-based alternative in the pilot training industry, remains limited. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the operational performance differences between First Officers (FOs) graduated from Traditional (CPL/IR/MCC) and MPL pathways using Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) metrics. This retrospective cohort study analyzed FDM data collected from a single airline fleet over a 15-month period (January 2024 - March 2025). The study included 123 MPL and 251 Traditional pathway graduate FOs. Exceedance rates (per 1,000 segments) for 17 distinct FDM events and 7 critical manual flight parameters were compared, evaluating statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level using Fisher’s Exact Test. The analysis revealed a statistically significant lower-risk profile for the MPL group in critical landing parameters. The MPL group experienced significantly fewer exceedances in events such as ‘Hard Landing’ (p = 0.008) and ‘Long Touchdown’ (p < 0.001) compared to the traditional group. Furthermore, the MPL group performed better in procedural and safety-critical categories such as 'Fuel Imbalance' and 'Stall Warning'. These findings do not support claims that MPL training negatively impacts operational performance or manual flying skills.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Flight data monitoring (fdm)
• pilot training
• mpl(multi-crew pilot license)
• cpl (commercial pilot license)
• aviation safety
• evidence-based training (ebt)

Geleneksel vs. MPL (Çok Mürettebatlı Pilot Lisansı) Eğitim Yollarının Operasyonel Performans Üzerindeki Etkisinin Kantitatif Analizi: 15 Aylık FDM Veri Çalışması

Öz

Pilot eğitim endüstrisinde yetkinlik temelli bir alternatif olarak ortaya çıkan Çoklu Mürettebat Pilot Lisansı (MPL) modelinin uzun vadeli operasyonel etkisine ilişkin nicel veriler sınırlı kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Uçuş Verilerini İzleme (FDM) metriklerini kullanarak, Geleneksel (CPL/IR/MCC) ve MPL eğitim yollarından mezun olan İkinci Pilotlar (FO) arasındaki operasyonel performans farklılıklarını nicel olarak analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Bu retrospektif kohort çalışması, tek bir havayolu filosundan 15 aylık bir süre boyunca (Ocak 2024- Mart 2025) toplanan FDM verilerini analiz etmiştir. Çalışmaya 123 MPL ve 251 Geleneksel eğitim yolu mezunu FO dahil edilmiştir. 17 farklı FDM olayı ve 7 kritik manuel uçuş parametresi için limit aşım oranları (1.000 segment başına) karşılaştırılmış; Fisher Exact Testi kullanılarak p <0,05 düzeyinde istatistiksel anlamlılık değerlendirilmiştir.

Analiz, kritik iniş parametrelerinde MPL grubu için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha düşük bir risk profili ortaya koymuştur. MPL grubu, geleneksel gruba kıyasla 'Sert İniş' ($p = 0,008$) ve 'Uzun Temas/Pist Sonu İnişi' (p <0,001) gibi olaylarda önemli ölçüde daha az limit aşımı yaşamıştır. Dahası MPL grubu, 'Yakıt Dengesizliği' ve 'Stall Uyarısı' gibi prosedürel ve emniyet açısından kritik kategorilerde daha iyi performans göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, MPL eğitiminin

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uçuş verisi izleme (fdm)
• pilot eğitimi
• mpl (çoklu mürettebat pilot lisansı)
• cpl (ticari pilot lisansı)
• havacılık güvenliği
• kanıta dayalı eğitim (ebt)

Kaynakça

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