İKTİSADIN MATEMATİZASYONU -Marshall’dan Keynes’e; Mises’den Hayek’e; Buchanan’dan Coase’a: Matematiksel İktisada Yönelik Eleştiriler-

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 161 - 189, 31.12.2020

Coşkun Can Aktan , Sema Yılmaz Genç

Öz

Matematiksel formalizm özellikle 1970’lı yılların başlarından itibaren modern iktisatta hakimiyet kurmuştur. Matematiksel iktisat, ekonometri ve diğer kantitatif metodlar tüm dünyada üniversitelerin iktisat bölümlerindeki müfredat programlarında yaygınlık kazanmıştır. İktisadın matematizasyonu Alfred Marshall, John Maynard Keynes gibi iktisat biliminin kurucu isimleri yanısıra diğer pek çok Nobel ekonomi ödülü kazanmış iktisatçı tarafından da eleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmamızın amacı tanınmış büyük iktisatçıların gözüyle matematiksel formalizm ve matematiksel iktisada yönelik eleştirileri özetlemekten ibarettir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Matematiksel formalizm, matematiksel iktisat, ekonometri, iktisadın matematizasyonu

Kaynakça

• Aktan, C.C. (2001)."Lord Keynes, Keynezyenler ve Fonksiyonalistler", Yeni Türkiye Dergisi, Kasım-Aralık. Bair, A. (2004). Neoklasik Teoride Biçim ve İçerik. Post Otistik İktisat: 144-148. Blaug, M. (2014). İktisat Kuramının Geçmişine Bakış. (çev: A. Birdal ve F. Güle, İstanbul: Efil Yayınevi. Buchanan, J. M. (1979). General Implications of Subjectivism in Economics. What Should Economists Do, Ind: Liberty Fund Inc. 81-91. Buchanan, J. M. & R. D. Tollison (1984). The Theory of Public Choice--II (Vol. 2). Chicago: University of Michigan Press. Buchanan, J.M. (1989) The Economy as Constitutional Order, in: The State of Economic Science: Views of Six Nobel Laureates, ed. Werner Sichel, Kalamazzo: Upjohn Institute. Buchanan, J. M. (1990). The Domain of Constitutional Economics. Constitutional Political Economy, 1(1), 1-18. Buğra, A. (2010). İktisatçılar ve İnsanlar. İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul. Coase, R. H. (1982). How Should Economists Choose?. Washington: The Thomas Jefferson Center Foundation. Coase, R. H. (1988). Note on The Problem of Social Costs. In: R. Coase, The Firm, the Market, and the Law. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Coase, R. H. (1999) Interview with Ronald Coase, Newsletter of the International Society for New Institutional Economics, Vol. 2, Spring, No. 1. Coase, R., (2012). Saving Economics from the Economists. Harvard Business Review, 90(12), 36. Desai, M. (2016). Keynes ve Seksen Yıl Sonra Onun Genel Teorisi, İktisat ve Toplum, Aralık, Sayı:74. Eichner, A. S. 1984. Joan Robinson's Legacy, Challenge Vol. 27, No. 2. pp. 42-46 Feiwel, G. R. (Ed.). (1989). Joan Robinson and Modern Economic Theory. Springer. Franklin, J. (1983). Mathematical Methods of Economics. The American Mathematical Monthly, 90(4), 229-244. Friedman, M. (1953). The Methodology of Positive Economics, In: M. Friedman, Essays in Positive Economics. University of Chicago Press. pp. 3-43 Friedman, M. (1999). Conversation with Milton Friedman. B., Snowdon and H. Vane (eds.). Conversations with Leading Economists: Interpreting Modern Macroeconomics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Gascoigne, J. (1984). Mathematics and Meritocracy: the Emergence of the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos. Social Studies of Science, 14(4), 547-584. Göcen, S. (2015), Avusturya İktisat Okulu’nun Metodolojik Görüşleri ve Ana-Akım İktisada Yönelik Eleştirileri, IV. Türkiye Lisansüstü Çalışmaları Kongresi - Bildiriler Kitabı II, ss. 221-237 Harrod, R. (1951).The Life of John Maynard Keynes. Harcourt, Brace. Hayek, F. A. (1948). Economics and Knowledge, in: Individualism and Economic Order. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Açık erişim için bkz. https://mises.org/library/individualism-and-economic-order Hayek, F. A. (1974). “The Pretence of Knowledge”, Prize Lecture. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2019. Fri. 19 Jul 2019. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1974/hayek/lecture/ Hayek, F. A. (1991). On Being An Economist. In: W. W. Bartley and S. Kresge (eds.), The Trend of Economic Thinking; Essays on Political Economists and Economic History, Volume III, London: Routledge. Heilbroner, R. (1999). "The End of the Dismal Science?". Challenge Magazine. May–June. Jevons, W. S. (1888). The Theory of Political Economy, London: Macmillan, 3rd ed. 29.02.2020. <https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/625> Kaymakçı, Ö. B. (2013). Bilim Felsefesi Işığında İktisat Metodolojisi. İstanbul: Ötüken. Keynes, J. M. (1936) . The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London : Macmillan, 1936. Açık erişim: http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0300071h/printall.html Keynes, J. M. (1938). Letter to Roy Harrod. The Collected Writings of John Meynard Keynes, 14, 296-7. Teorisi. A. Baltacıgil (Çev.). İstanbul: Fakülteler Matbaası. Klein, P. G. (2004). FA Hayek: Avusturyan Ekonomist ve Sosyal Teorisyen. Piyasa Dergisi, Sayı: 11, 71-83. Krugman, P. (1991). Geography and Trade Cambridge: The MIT Press, Krugman, P. (1998) ‘Two Cheers for Formalism’, Economic Journal 108(451): 1859–69. Krugman, P. (2009a). How Did Economists Get It So Wrong?. New York Times, 2(9). Krugman, P. (2009b). Mathematics and Economics, New York Times, Sept, 11. 2009. Kurz, H. D. (2017). İktisadi Düşünce Tarihi. (Çev: H.Bilir ve E. Değirmenci). Ankara: Heretik Yayınları. Madenci, 2015. "Marshall ve Karatahta İktisadı", İktisadiyat, 23.02.2015. http://www.iktisadiyat.com/2015/02/23/marshall-ve-karatahta-iktisadi/ Marshall, A. (1920). Principles of Economics (London: Macmillan and Co. 8th ed. 1920). 29.02.2020. https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1676 Marshall, A. (1996). The Correspondence of Alfred Marshall, Economist (Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press. Medema, S. G. (1995). Ronald Coase on Economics and Economic Method. History of Economics Review, 24(1), 1-22. Mises, L. von. (1978). Epistemological Problems of Economics, New York: New York University Press. Mises, L. von. (1985). Theory and History. Ludwig von Mises Institute. Mises, L. von. (2000). The Equations Of Mathematical Economics And The Problem Of Economic Calculation İn A Socialist State. Quarterly Journal Austrian Economics 3, 27–32. Mises, L. von. (2002). Epistemological Problems of Economics. Ludwig von Mises Institute. Mises, L. von. (2008). İnsan Eylemi. ( Çev: İ.Aktar) , İ. Ankara: Liberte Yayınları. O'Donnell, R. M. (1990). Keynes on Mathematics: Philosophical Foundations and Economic Applications. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 14(1), 29-47. Pigou, A. C. (1925). Memorials of Alfred Marshall. Augustus M. Kelley, 1966. New York: Robinson, J. (1932). Economics is a Serious Subject: the Apologia of an Economist to the Mathematician, the Scientist and the Plain Man. La Trobe University, the Borchardt Library. Robinson, J. (1951). Collected Economic Papers (Vol. 1). Oxford: Blackwell. Robinson, J. (1962). A Neo-Neoclassical Theorem. In: Essays in the Theory of Economic Growth (pp. 120-136). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Robinson, J. (1974). What Has Become Of The Keynesian Revolution?. Challenge, 16(6), 6-11. Robinson, J. (1978). Contributions to Modern Economics. Oxford: Blackwell. Robinson, J. (1980). What are the Questions? And Other Essays. Armonk/New York, M. E. Sharpe. Romer, P. M. (2015). Mathiness in the Theory of Economic Growth. American Economic Review, 105(5), 89-93. Roux, D. (2004). İktisadın Nobeli. (Çev: M. A. Kılıçbay), İstanbul: Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi. Samuelson, P. A. (1952). Economic Theory and Mathematics--An Appraisal. The American Economic Review, 42(2), 56-66. Tullock, G. (2001). A Comment on Daniel Klein's" A Plea to Economists Who Favor Liberty". Eastern Economic Journal, 27(2), 203-207. Uygur, E. (2014). “Mathiness” ve İstatistik, Ulusal Gelir Hesapları, Matematik ve Ekonometri Konusunda Keynes. Ekonomi-tek-International Economics Journal, 3(2), 67-96. Weintraub, E. R. (2002). How Economics Became a Mathematical Science. Duke University Press.