Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Araştırma Performansı: Ölçüm Kriterleri ve Kavramı Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 2, 312 - 320, 01.08.2017

Oya Tamtekin Aydın

Öz

Yükseköğretim alanında artan rekabet son yıllarda birçok akademisyenin ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Konu ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalar, bu rekabetin özellikle, öğrenci sayısı ve araştırma performansını artırma, araştırma fonu elde etme, nitelikli öğretim görevlileri bulma ve kurum için elde edilebilecek finansal destekler üzerine olduğunu vurgulamıştır. Bu çalışmada üniversiteler arasındaki rekabetin önemli bir parçası olan ‘araştırma performansı’ konusuna dikkat çekilmiş ve kavrama yönelik geniş bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. İlgili yazın, ilk olarak, kavramı açıklayan tanımlamalar ve kavramın ölçütleriyle birlikte ortaya konulmuş; ardından, araştırma performansını etkileyen faktörler kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda ise ‘araştırma performansı’ ile ilgili kavramsal bir çerçeve elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu kavramsal çerçevenin, üniversiteler arası rekabetin önemli bir parçası olan ‘araştırma performansı’ kavramının her yönüyle anlaşılmasına ve böylelikle konuyla ilgili olan tüm yetkililerin mevcut durumlarını daha iyi hale getirebilmesine katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilgi Üniversitesi, Turizm ve Otelcilik Yüksekokulu, Turizm ve Otel İşletmeciliği Bölümü, Istanbul, Türkiye

Research Performance of Higher Education Institutions: A Review on the Measurements and Affecting Factors of Research Performance

Öz

Recently, the increasing competition in higher education has attracted attention by many researchers. They have emphasized that the aim of the growing competition between universities is to increase the number of students, the research performance and get research support, find qualified faculty members, and receive financial contributions. This paper aims to draw attention to “research performance” which is a significant part of the competition among the universities. In connection with this goal, the study tries to outline the results of an extensive literature review in the field of higher education research performance. Firstly, literature regarding research performance, its definition as a concept, and its indicators are discussed. Then, the factors influencing research performance are presented in a comprehensive manner. At the end of the study, a conceptual framework that will be useful for all university staff is provided. Understanding the concept of research performance and the factors affecting research performance can help relevant authorities improve their current positions

Anahtar Kelimeler

Higher education, Research performance, Measurements, Factors, Conceptual framework

Kaynakça

• Andrews, F. M., & Aichholzer, G. (1979). Scientific productivity, the effectiveness of research groups in six countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Astin, H. S., (1984). Academic scholarship and its rewards. In Steinkamp M., & Haehr M. (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement (Vol. 2, pp. 259-279). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
• Bazeley, P. (2010). Conceptualizing research performance. Studies in Higher Education, 35(8), 889-903. Retrieved from http:// www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03075070903348404
• Blackburn, R. T., Behymer, C. E., & Hall, D. E. (1978). Research note: correlates of faculty publications. Sociology of Education, 51(2), 132-141.
• Blackburn, R. T., Bieber, J. P., Lawrence, J. H., & Trautvetter, L. (1991). Faculty at work: Focus on research, scholarship, and service. Research in Higher Education, 32(4), 385-413.
• Bland, C. J., Hitchcock, M. A., Anderson, W. A., & Stritter, F. T. (1987). Faculty development fellowship programs in family medicine. Academic Medicine, 62(8), 632-41.
• Bland, C. J., Seaquist, E., Pacala, J. T., Center, B., & Finstad, D. (2002). One school’s strategy to assess and improve the vitality of its faculty. Academic Medicine, 77(5), 368-376.
• Bland, C. J., & Ruffin, M. T. (1992). Characteristics of a productive research environment: literature review. Academic Medicine, 67(6), 385-97.
• Bland, C. J., Center, B. A., Finstad, D. A., Risbey, K. R., & Staples, J. G. (2005). A theoretical, practical, predictive model of faculty and department research productivity. Academic Medicine, 80(3), 225-237.
• Bowden, J., Green, R., Barnacle, N., Cherry, N., & Usher, R. (2005). Academics’ ways of understanding success in research activities. In Bowden J. A. & Green P. (Eds.). Doing developmental phenomenography (pp. 128–144). Melbourne: RMIT University Press.
• Brew, A. (2001). Conceptions of research: A phenomenographic study. Studies in Higher Education, 26(3), 271-285.
• Brocato, J. J. (2001). The research productivity of family medicine department faculty: a national study. [Dissertation]. Michigan State University Dept. of Educational Administration
• Buchheit, S., Collins, A. B., & Collins, D. L. (2001). Intra-institutional factors that influence accounting research productivity. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 17(2), 17-32. Retrieved from https://www.cluteinstitute.com/ojs/index.php/JABR/ article/view/2070/2257
• Burke, K., Fender, B., & Taylor, S. (2007). Walking the tightrope: the impact of teaching and service on scholarly productivity for accountants. Academic Business World International Conference. May 28-30. (pp. 1-13). Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
• Chow, C. W., & Harrison, P. (1998). Factors contributing to success in research and publications: insights of influential accounting authors. Journal of Accounting Education, 16(3), 463-472.
• Clark, S. M. & Lewis, D. R. (1985). Faculty Vitality and Institutional Productivity: Critical Perspectives for Higher Education. New York: Teachers College Press.
• Conklin M. H., & Desselle S. P. (2007). Job turnover intentions among pharmacy faculty. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 71(4), 1-9. Retrieved from http://www.ajpe.org/ doi/pdf/10.5688/aj710462
• Creswell, J. W. (1985). Faculty Research Performance: Lessons from the Sciences and the Social Sciences. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 4, 1985. Association for the Study of Higher Education, One Dupont Circle, Suite 630, Department PR-4, Washington, DC 20036.
• Dundar, H. & Lewis, D. R. (1998). Determinants of research productivity in higher education. Research in Higher Education, 39(6), 607-631.
• Edgar, F. & Geare, A. (2013). Factors influencing university research performance. Studies in Higher Education, 38(5), 774-792.
• Finkelstein, M. J. (1984). The American academic profession: a synthesis of social scientific inquiry since World War II. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.
• Folger, J. K., Astin, H. S., Bayer, A. E., & Commission on Human Resources and Advanced Education. (1970). Human resources and higher education: Staff report of the Commission on Human Resources and Advanced Education. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
• Fox, M.F. (1991a). Gender, environmental milieu, and productivity in science . In H. Zuckerman, J. Cole, & J. Bruer (Eds.), The outer circle: Women in the scientific community (pp. 188-204). New York: W. W. Norton.
• Fox, M.F. (1991b). Research, teaching, and publication productivity: Mutuality versus competition in academia. Sociology of Education, 65, 293-305.
• Golden, J., Carstensen, F. V., Weiner, P., & Kane, S. (1986). Publication performance of fifty top economic departments: a per capita analysis. Economics of Education Review, 5(1), 83-86.
• Golden, J., & Carstensen, F. V. (1992). Academic research productivity, department size and organization: Further results, comment. Economics of Education Review, 11(2), 153- 160.
• Graves, P. E., Marchand, J. R., & Thompson, R. (1982). Economics departmental rankings: Research incentives, constraints and efficiency. American Economic Review, 72(5), 1131-1141.
• Harris, G. T. (1990). Research performance indicators in Australian university economics departments, 1986-87. Economic Analysis and Policy, 20(1), 73-82.
• Harris, G., & Kaine, G. (1994). The determinants of research performance: A study of Australian university economists. Higher Education, 27(2), 191-201.
• Hedjazi, Y., & Behravan, J. (2011). Study of factors influencing research productivity of agriculture faculty members in Iran. Higher education, 62(5), 635-647.
• Hesli, V. L., & Lee, J. M. (2011). Faculty research productivity: Why do some of our colleagues publish more than others? PS: Political Science and Politics, 44(2), 393-408.
• Jauch, L. R., & Glueck, W. F. (1975). Evaluation of university professors’ research performance. Management Science, 22(1), 66-75.
• Johnes, G. (1988). Research performance indications in the university sector. Higher Education Quarterly 42(1), 55-71.
• Jordan, J. M., Meador, M., & Walters, S. J. K. (1988). Effects of departmental size and organization on the research productivity of academic economists. Economics of Education Review 7(2), 251-255.
• Jordan, J. M., Meador, M., & Walters, S. J. K. (1989). Academic research productivity, department size, and organization: Further results. Economics of Education Review 8(24), 345- 352.
• Jung, J. (2012). Faculty research productivity in Hong Kong across academic discipline. Higher Education Studies, 2(4), 1-13.
• Kyvik, S. (1990a). Age and scientific productivity. Differences between fields of learning. Higher Education, 19(1), 37-55.
• Kyvik, S. (1990b). Motherhood and scientific productivity. Social Studies of Science, 20(1), 149-160.
• Kyvik, S. (1995). Are big university departments better than small ones? Higher Education 30(3), 295-304.
• Kyvik, S., & Smeby, J. C. (1994). Teaching and research. The relationship between the supervision of graduate students and faculty research performance. Higher Education, 28(2), 227-239.
• Levin, S. G., & Stephan, P. E. (1989). Age and research productivity of academic scientists. Research in Higher Education 30(5), 531-549.
• Long, J. S. (1978). Productivity and academic positions in the scientific career. American Sociological Review, 43(6), 889-908.
• Long, J. S., & McGinnis, R. (1981). Organizational context and scientific productivity. American Sociological Review, 46(4), 422-442.
• Mairesse, J., & Turner, L. (2005). Measurement and explanation of the intensity of co-publication in scientific research: an analysis at the laboratory level (no. w11172). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Retrieved from ftp://gprolog.org/ pub/mse/cahiers2001/V01053.pdf
• McGee, G. W., & Ford, R. C. (1987). Faculty research productivity and intention to change positions. The Review of Higher Education, 11(1), 1-16.
• Meador, M., Walters, S. J. K., & Jordan, J. M. (1992). Academic research productivity. Economics of Education Review 11(2), 161-167.
• Olson, J. E. (1994). Institutional and technical constraints on faculty gross productivity in American doctoral universities. Research in Higher Education 35(5), 549-567.
• Pellino, G. R., Blackburn, R. T., & Boberg, A. L. (1984). The dimensions of academic scholarship: Faculty and administrator views. Research in Higher Education, 20(1), 103-115.
• Perkoff, G. T. (1985). The research environment in family practice. The Journal of Family Practice, 21(5), 389-393.
• Quimbo, M. A. T., & Sulabo, E. C. (2014). Research productivity and its policy implications in higher education institutions. Studies in Higher Education, 39(10), 1955-1971.
• Ramsden, P., & Moses, I. (1992). Associations between research and teaching in Australian higher education. Higher Education, 23(3), 273-295.
• Ramsden, P. (1994). Describing and explaining research productivity. Higher Education, 28(2), 207-226.
• Tekneci, P. D. (2014). Evaluating research performance of Turkish Universities. Doctoral dissertation. Middle East Technical University, Ankara
• Teodorescu, D. (2000). Correlates of faculty publication productivity: a cross-national analysis. Higher Education, 39(2), 201-222.
• Turner, L., & Mairesse, J. (2005). Individual Productivity Differences in Public Research: How important are non-individual determinants? An Econometric Study of French Physicists’ publications and citations (1986-1997). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Retrieved from http://piketty. pse.ens.fr/files/Turner2005.pdf
• Wamala, R., & Ssembatya, V. A. (2015). Productivity in academia: An assessment of causal linkages between output and outcome indicators. Quality Assurance in Education, 23(2), 184-195.
• Wills, D., Ridley, G., & Mitev, H. (2013). Research productivity of accounting academics in changing and challenging times. Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, 9(1), 4-25.
• Wood, F. (1990). Factors influencing research performance of university academic staff. Higher Education, 19(1), 81-100.
• Zainab, A. N. (1999). Personal, academic and departmental correlates of research productivity: A review of literature. Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science, 4(2), 73-110.