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Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi İlk Beş Dönem Öğrencilerinin Empati Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 3, 651 - 656, 01.12.2017

Öz

Empati, hasta-hekim ilişkisinde önemli bir beceri olup hasta ve hekim memnuniyetini arttırır. Empati, tıp eğitimi sürecinde öğretilmeli ve geliştirilmelidir, fakat yapılan birçok çalışmada sınıf düzeyi arttıkça düştüğü gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde tıp eğitimi boyunca öğrenci empati düzeylerinin ölçülmesi ve değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmaya 1. sınıftan 5. sınıfa kadar tüm sınıflardaki tıp öğrencileri katılmıştır ve öğrenci empati düzeyini ölçmek için ‘Jefferson Doktor Empati Ölçeği’nin öğrenci versiyonu kullanılmıştır. Kesitsel olarak planlanmış olan bu çalışmada alt-ölçek puanları eğitim yıllarına ve cinsiyete göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Cinsiyete göre farklılıklar Mann-Whitney U testi ile, eğitim yıllarına göre farklılıklar da Kruskal-Wallis varyans analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre 2. sınıfların “perspektif alma” ve “şefkatli bakım” puanları anlamlı olarak yüksek iken, 3. sınıf puanları her üç alt ölçek için anlamlı düzeyde düşük bulunmuştur p

Kaynakça

  • Ahrweiler, F., Neumann, M., Goldblatt, H., Hahn, E. G., & Scheffer, C. (2014). Determinants of physician empathy during medical education: hypothetical conclusions from an exploratory qualitative survey of practicing physicians. BMC Medical Education, 14(1), 122.
  • Aspegren, K. (1999). BEME Guide No. 2: Teaching and learning communication skills in medicine-a review with quality grading of articles. Medical Teacher, 21(6), 563-570.
  • Batt Rawden, S. A., Chisolm, M. S., Anton, B., & Flickinger, T. E. (2013). Teaching empathy to medical students: an updated, systematic review. Academic Medicine, 88(8), 1171-1177.
  • Berkhof, M., van Rijssen, H. J., Schellart, A. J., Anema, J. R., & van der Beek, A. J. (2011). Effective training strategies for teaching communication skills to physicians: an overview of systematic reviews. Patient Education and Counseling, 84(2), 152-162.
  • Boker, J. R., Shapiro, J., & Morrison, E. H. (2004). Teaching empathy to first year medical students: evaluation of an elective literature and medicine course. Education for Health, 17(1), 73-84.
  • Burks, D. J., & Kobus, A. M. (2012). The legacy of altruism in health care: the promotion of empathy, prosociality and humanism. Medical Education, 46(3), 317-325.
  • Charon, R. (2004). Narrative and medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 350(9), 862-864.
  • Chen, D., Lew, R., Hershman, W., & Orlander, J. (2007). A cross- sectional measurement of medical student empathy. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(10), 1434-1438.
  • Chen, D. C., Kirshenbaum, D. S., Yan, J., Kirshenbaum, E., & Aseltine, R. H. (2012). Characterizing changes in student empathy throughout medical school. Medical Teacher, 34(4), 305-311.
  • Chen, I., & Forbes, C. (2014). Reflective writing and its impact on empathy in medical education: systematic review. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 11.
  • Costa, P., Alves, R., Neto, I., Marvao, P., Portela, M., & Costa, M. J. (2014). Associations between medical student empathy and personality: a multi-institutional study. PLoS One, 9(3), e89254.
  • DasGupta, S., & Charon, R. (2004). Personal illness narratives: using reflective writing to teach empathy. Academic Medicine, 79(4), 351-356.
  • Eikeland, H. L., Ørnes, K., Finset, A., & Pedersen, R. (2014). The physician’s role and empathy–a qualitative study of third year medical students. BMC Medical Education, 14(1), 165.
  • Fernández Olano, C., Montoya Fernández, J., & Salinas Sánchez, A. S. (2008). Impact of clinical interview training on the empathy level of medical students and medical residents. Medical Teacher, 30(3), 322-324.
  • Gönüllü, İ., & Öztuna, D. (2012). A Turkish adaptation of the student version of the Jefferson scale of physician empathy. Marmara Medical Journal, 25(2), 87-92.
  • Hamed, A. O., Shaheen, A. M., Basri, A., & Bukhari, B. (2015). Personal, cultural and academic factors affecting empathy score in third year medical students. International Journal of Education and Research, 3(3), 727-740
  • maintained by practice during medical education.
  • Newton, B. W., Barber, L., Clardy, J., Cleveland, E., & O'sullivan, P. (2008). Is there hardening of the heart during medical school? Academic Medicine, 83(3), 244-249.
  • Quince, T. A., Parker, R. A., Wood, D. F., & Benson, J. A. (2011). Stability of empathy among undergraduate medical students: a longitudinal study at one UK medical school. BMC Medical Education, 11(1), 90.
  • Roh, M. S., Hahm, B. J., Lee, D. H., & Suh, D. H. (2010). Evaluation of empathy among Korean medical students: a cross-sectional study using the Korean version of the Jefferson scale of physician empathy. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 22(3), 167-171.
  • Schweller, M., Costa, F. O., Antônio, M. Â. R., Amaral, E. M., & de Carvalho Filho, M. A. (2014). The impact of simulated medical consultations on the empathy levels of students at one medical school. Academic Medicine, 89(4), 632.
  • Shapiro, J. (2002). How do physicians teach empathy in the primary care setting?. Academic medicine, 77(4), 323-328.
  • Shariat, S. V., & Habibi, M. (2013). Empathy in Iranian medical students: measurement model of the Jefferson scale of empathy. Medical Teacher, 35(1), 913-918.
  • Stepien, K. A., & Baernstein, A. (2006). Educating for empathy. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(5), 524-530.
  • Van Winkle, L. J., Fjortoft, N., & Hojat, M. (2012). Impact of a workshop about aging on the empathy scores of pharmacy and medical students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 76(1), 9.
  • Wen, D., Ma, X., Li, H., Liu, Z., Xian, B., & Liu, Y. (2013). Empathy in Chinese medical students: psychometric characteristics and differences by gender and year of medical education. BMC Medical Education, 13(1), 130.
  • West, C. P., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2007).The influence of personal and environmental factors on professionalism in medical education. BMC Medical Education, 7(1), 29.
  • Williams, B., Brown, T., McKenna, L., Palermo, C., Morgan, P., Nestel, D., Brightwell R., Gilbert Hunt S., Stagnitti K., Olaussen A., & Wright, C. (2015). Student empathy levels across 12 medical and health professions: an interventional study. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 2(1), 4. Retrieved from https:// jcompassionatehc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ s40639-015-0013-4
  • Winefield, H. R., & Chur Hansen, A. (2000). Evaluating the outcome of communication skill teaching for entry-level medical students: does knowledge of empathy increase? Medical Education, 34(2), 90-94.
  • Zolnierek, K. B. H., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2009). Physician communication and patient adherence to treatment: a meta- analysis. Medical Care, 47(8), 826.
  • Neumann, M., Edelhäuser, F., Tauschel, D., Fischer, M. R., Wirtz, M., Woopen, C., Haramati, A., & Scheffer, C. (2011). Empathy decline and its reasons: a systematic review of studies with medical students and residents. Academic Medicine, 86(8), 996-1009.
  • Newton, B. W., Barber, L., Clardy, J., Cleveland, E., & O'sullivan, P. (2008). Is there hardening of the heart during medical school? Academic Medicine, 83(3), 244-249.
  • Quince, T. A., Parker, R. A., Wood, D. F., & Benson, J. A. (2011). Stability of empathy among undergraduate medical students: a longitudinal study at one UK medical school. BMC Medical Education, 11(1), 90.
  • Roh, M. S., Hahm, B. J., Lee, D. H., & Suh, D. H. (2010). Evaluation of empathy among Korean medical students: a cross-sectional study using the Korean version of the Jefferson scale of physician empathy. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 22(3), 167-171.
  • Schweller, M., Costa, F. O., Antônio, M. Â. R., Amaral, E. M., & de Carvalho Filho, M. A. (2014). The impact of simulated medical consultations on the empathy levels of students at one medical school. Academic Medicine, 89(4), 632.
  • Shapiro, J. (2002). How do physicians teach empathy in the primary care setting?. Academic medicine, 77(4), 323-328.
  • Shariat, S. V., & Habibi, M. (2013). Empathy in Iranian medical students: measurement model of the Jefferson scale of empathy. Medical Teacher, 35(1), 913-918.
  • Stepien, K. A., & Baernstein, A. (2006). Educating for empathy. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(5), 524-530.
  • Van Winkle, L. J., Fjortoft, N., & Hojat, M. (2012). Impact of a workshop about aging on the empathy scores of pharmacy and medical students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 76(1), 9.
  • Wen, D., Ma, X., Li, H., Liu, Z., Xian, B., & Liu, Y. (2013). Empathy in Chinese medical students: psychometric characteristics and differences by gender and year of medical education. BMC Medical Education, 13(1), 130.
  • West, C. P., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2007).The influence of personal and environmental factors on professionalism in medical education. BMC Medical Education, 7(1), 29.
  • Williams, B., Brown, T., McKenna, L., Palermo, C., Morgan, P., Nestel, D., Brightwell R., Gilbert Hunt S., Stagnitti K., Olaussen A., & Wright, C. (2015). Student empathy levels across 12 medical and health professions: an interventional study. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 2(1), 4. Retrieved from https:// jcompassionatehc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ s40639-015-0013-4
  • Winefield, H. R., & Chur Hansen, A. (2000). Evaluating the outcome of communication skill teaching for entry‐level medical students: does knowledge of empathy increase? Medical Education, 34(2), 90-94.
  • Zolnierek, K. B. H., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2009). Physician communication and patient adherence to treatment: a metaanalysis. Medical Care, 47(8), 826.

Evaluation of Student Empathy Level During the First Five Years of Medical Education at Ankara University

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 3, 651 - 656, 01.12.2017

Öz

Empathy is an important attribute in the physician-patient relationship and promotes patient and physician satisfaction. It must be taught and promoted during medical education. However, many of the studies about empathy show that empathy declines during medical school education as the year of study increases. The aim of this study was to measure and examine the levels of student empathy during medical education at Ankara University School of Medicine. Study participants were all medical students from the first to the fifth year of the program and the ‘Student Version S-Version of Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy’ JSPE-S was used to measure the level of student empathy. The study utilized a cross-sectional design and sub-scale scores were analyzed in terms of gender and year of study. MannWhitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis were used to compare the sub-scale scores in terms of gender and year, respectively. The results showed that the second year students` JSPE-S scores were significantly high for “perspective taking” and “compassionate care” whereas the third year students` JSPE-S scores were significantly low for the three sub-scales p

Kaynakça

  • Ahrweiler, F., Neumann, M., Goldblatt, H., Hahn, E. G., & Scheffer, C. (2014). Determinants of physician empathy during medical education: hypothetical conclusions from an exploratory qualitative survey of practicing physicians. BMC Medical Education, 14(1), 122.
  • Aspegren, K. (1999). BEME Guide No. 2: Teaching and learning communication skills in medicine-a review with quality grading of articles. Medical Teacher, 21(6), 563-570.
  • Batt Rawden, S. A., Chisolm, M. S., Anton, B., & Flickinger, T. E. (2013). Teaching empathy to medical students: an updated, systematic review. Academic Medicine, 88(8), 1171-1177.
  • Berkhof, M., van Rijssen, H. J., Schellart, A. J., Anema, J. R., & van der Beek, A. J. (2011). Effective training strategies for teaching communication skills to physicians: an overview of systematic reviews. Patient Education and Counseling, 84(2), 152-162.
  • Boker, J. R., Shapiro, J., & Morrison, E. H. (2004). Teaching empathy to first year medical students: evaluation of an elective literature and medicine course. Education for Health, 17(1), 73-84.
  • Burks, D. J., & Kobus, A. M. (2012). The legacy of altruism in health care: the promotion of empathy, prosociality and humanism. Medical Education, 46(3), 317-325.
  • Charon, R. (2004). Narrative and medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 350(9), 862-864.
  • Chen, D., Lew, R., Hershman, W., & Orlander, J. (2007). A cross- sectional measurement of medical student empathy. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(10), 1434-1438.
  • Chen, D. C., Kirshenbaum, D. S., Yan, J., Kirshenbaum, E., & Aseltine, R. H. (2012). Characterizing changes in student empathy throughout medical school. Medical Teacher, 34(4), 305-311.
  • Chen, I., & Forbes, C. (2014). Reflective writing and its impact on empathy in medical education: systematic review. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 11.
  • Costa, P., Alves, R., Neto, I., Marvao, P., Portela, M., & Costa, M. J. (2014). Associations between medical student empathy and personality: a multi-institutional study. PLoS One, 9(3), e89254.
  • DasGupta, S., & Charon, R. (2004). Personal illness narratives: using reflective writing to teach empathy. Academic Medicine, 79(4), 351-356.
  • Eikeland, H. L., Ørnes, K., Finset, A., & Pedersen, R. (2014). The physician’s role and empathy–a qualitative study of third year medical students. BMC Medical Education, 14(1), 165.
  • Fernández Olano, C., Montoya Fernández, J., & Salinas Sánchez, A. S. (2008). Impact of clinical interview training on the empathy level of medical students and medical residents. Medical Teacher, 30(3), 322-324.
  • Gönüllü, İ., & Öztuna, D. (2012). A Turkish adaptation of the student version of the Jefferson scale of physician empathy. Marmara Medical Journal, 25(2), 87-92.
  • Hamed, A. O., Shaheen, A. M., Basri, A., & Bukhari, B. (2015). Personal, cultural and academic factors affecting empathy score in third year medical students. International Journal of Education and Research, 3(3), 727-740
  • maintained by practice during medical education.
  • Newton, B. W., Barber, L., Clardy, J., Cleveland, E., & O'sullivan, P. (2008). Is there hardening of the heart during medical school? Academic Medicine, 83(3), 244-249.
  • Quince, T. A., Parker, R. A., Wood, D. F., & Benson, J. A. (2011). Stability of empathy among undergraduate medical students: a longitudinal study at one UK medical school. BMC Medical Education, 11(1), 90.
  • Roh, M. S., Hahm, B. J., Lee, D. H., & Suh, D. H. (2010). Evaluation of empathy among Korean medical students: a cross-sectional study using the Korean version of the Jefferson scale of physician empathy. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 22(3), 167-171.
  • Schweller, M., Costa, F. O., Antônio, M. Â. R., Amaral, E. M., & de Carvalho Filho, M. A. (2014). The impact of simulated medical consultations on the empathy levels of students at one medical school. Academic Medicine, 89(4), 632.
  • Shapiro, J. (2002). How do physicians teach empathy in the primary care setting?. Academic medicine, 77(4), 323-328.
  • Shariat, S. V., & Habibi, M. (2013). Empathy in Iranian medical students: measurement model of the Jefferson scale of empathy. Medical Teacher, 35(1), 913-918.
  • Stepien, K. A., & Baernstein, A. (2006). Educating for empathy. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(5), 524-530.
  • Van Winkle, L. J., Fjortoft, N., & Hojat, M. (2012). Impact of a workshop about aging on the empathy scores of pharmacy and medical students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 76(1), 9.
  • Wen, D., Ma, X., Li, H., Liu, Z., Xian, B., & Liu, Y. (2013). Empathy in Chinese medical students: psychometric characteristics and differences by gender and year of medical education. BMC Medical Education, 13(1), 130.
  • West, C. P., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2007).The influence of personal and environmental factors on professionalism in medical education. BMC Medical Education, 7(1), 29.
  • Williams, B., Brown, T., McKenna, L., Palermo, C., Morgan, P., Nestel, D., Brightwell R., Gilbert Hunt S., Stagnitti K., Olaussen A., & Wright, C. (2015). Student empathy levels across 12 medical and health professions: an interventional study. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 2(1), 4. Retrieved from https:// jcompassionatehc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ s40639-015-0013-4
  • Winefield, H. R., & Chur Hansen, A. (2000). Evaluating the outcome of communication skill teaching for entry-level medical students: does knowledge of empathy increase? Medical Education, 34(2), 90-94.
  • Zolnierek, K. B. H., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2009). Physician communication and patient adherence to treatment: a meta- analysis. Medical Care, 47(8), 826.
  • Neumann, M., Edelhäuser, F., Tauschel, D., Fischer, M. R., Wirtz, M., Woopen, C., Haramati, A., & Scheffer, C. (2011). Empathy decline and its reasons: a systematic review of studies with medical students and residents. Academic Medicine, 86(8), 996-1009.
  • Newton, B. W., Barber, L., Clardy, J., Cleveland, E., & O'sullivan, P. (2008). Is there hardening of the heart during medical school? Academic Medicine, 83(3), 244-249.
  • Quince, T. A., Parker, R. A., Wood, D. F., & Benson, J. A. (2011). Stability of empathy among undergraduate medical students: a longitudinal study at one UK medical school. BMC Medical Education, 11(1), 90.
  • Roh, M. S., Hahm, B. J., Lee, D. H., & Suh, D. H. (2010). Evaluation of empathy among Korean medical students: a cross-sectional study using the Korean version of the Jefferson scale of physician empathy. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 22(3), 167-171.
  • Schweller, M., Costa, F. O., Antônio, M. Â. R., Amaral, E. M., & de Carvalho Filho, M. A. (2014). The impact of simulated medical consultations on the empathy levels of students at one medical school. Academic Medicine, 89(4), 632.
  • Shapiro, J. (2002). How do physicians teach empathy in the primary care setting?. Academic medicine, 77(4), 323-328.
  • Shariat, S. V., & Habibi, M. (2013). Empathy in Iranian medical students: measurement model of the Jefferson scale of empathy. Medical Teacher, 35(1), 913-918.
  • Stepien, K. A., & Baernstein, A. (2006). Educating for empathy. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(5), 524-530.
  • Van Winkle, L. J., Fjortoft, N., & Hojat, M. (2012). Impact of a workshop about aging on the empathy scores of pharmacy and medical students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 76(1), 9.
  • Wen, D., Ma, X., Li, H., Liu, Z., Xian, B., & Liu, Y. (2013). Empathy in Chinese medical students: psychometric characteristics and differences by gender and year of medical education. BMC Medical Education, 13(1), 130.
  • West, C. P., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2007).The influence of personal and environmental factors on professionalism in medical education. BMC Medical Education, 7(1), 29.
  • Williams, B., Brown, T., McKenna, L., Palermo, C., Morgan, P., Nestel, D., Brightwell R., Gilbert Hunt S., Stagnitti K., Olaussen A., & Wright, C. (2015). Student empathy levels across 12 medical and health professions: an interventional study. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 2(1), 4. Retrieved from https:// jcompassionatehc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ s40639-015-0013-4
  • Winefield, H. R., & Chur Hansen, A. (2000). Evaluating the outcome of communication skill teaching for entry‐level medical students: does knowledge of empathy increase? Medical Education, 34(2), 90-94.
  • Zolnierek, K. B. H., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2009). Physician communication and patient adherence to treatment: a metaanalysis. Medical Care, 47(8), 826.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

İpek Gönüllü Bu kişi benim

Şengül Erden Bu kişi benim

Derya Gökmen Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Gönüllü, İ., Erden, Ş., & Gökmen, D. (2017). Evaluation of Student Empathy Level During the First Five Years of Medical Education at Ankara University. Yükseköğretim Ve Bilim Dergisi(3), 651-656.
AMA Gönüllü İ, Erden Ş, Gökmen D. Evaluation of Student Empathy Level During the First Five Years of Medical Education at Ankara University. J Higher Edu Sci. Aralık 2017;(3):651-656.
Chicago Gönüllü, İpek, Şengül Erden, ve Derya Gökmen. “Evaluation of Student Empathy Level During the First Five Years of Medical Education at Ankara University”. Yükseköğretim Ve Bilim Dergisi, sy. 3 (Aralık 2017): 651-56.
EndNote Gönüllü İ, Erden Ş, Gökmen D (01 Aralık 2017) Evaluation of Student Empathy Level During the First Five Years of Medical Education at Ankara University. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi 3 651–656.
IEEE İ. Gönüllü, Ş. Erden, ve D. Gökmen, “Evaluation of Student Empathy Level During the First Five Years of Medical Education at Ankara University”, J Higher Edu Sci, sy. 3, ss. 651–656, Aralık 2017.
ISNAD Gönüllü, İpek vd. “Evaluation of Student Empathy Level During the First Five Years of Medical Education at Ankara University”. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi 3 (Aralık 2017), 651-656.
JAMA Gönüllü İ, Erden Ş, Gökmen D. Evaluation of Student Empathy Level During the First Five Years of Medical Education at Ankara University. J Higher Edu Sci. 2017;:651–656.
MLA Gönüllü, İpek vd. “Evaluation of Student Empathy Level During the First Five Years of Medical Education at Ankara University”. Yükseköğretim Ve Bilim Dergisi, sy. 3, 2017, ss. 651-6.
Vancouver Gönüllü İ, Erden Ş, Gökmen D. Evaluation of Student Empathy Level During the First Five Years of Medical Education at Ankara University. J Higher Edu Sci. 2017(3):651-6.