Araştırma Üretkenliği Yüksek Akademisyenler: Kimler, Nasıl Çalışıyorlar, Etkili Faktörler Neler?
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 205 - 218, 14.08.2023
Alper Çalıkoğlu
Öz
Bilgi toplumu yetiştirme çabaları ve hızlı gelişen küresel rekabet, araştırma etkinliklerinin yükseköğretimdeki önemini artırdı. Bu nedenle
akademik yayınlar birçok ülkede akademisyenler için atanma ve yükselmede temel faktör hâline geldi. Türkiye’de de son dönemde
akademisyenlerin araştırma üretkenliğini yükseltmeyi amaçlayan politika ve uygulamalar yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki
üniversitelerde görev yapan araştırma üretkenliği yüksek akademisyenler belirli değişkenler çerçevesinde araştırıldı. Çalışmanın verileri
uluslararası karşılaştırmalı bir projenin Türkiye ayağı kapsamında anket ile toplandı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı ve çıkarımsal teknikler
ve lojistik regresyon kullanıldı. Bulgular, araştırma üretkenliği en yüksek olan yüzde onluk akademisyen grubunun, toplam akademik
yayınların yarısından fazlasını ürettiğini ve bu akademisyenlerin demografik dağılımında özellikle akademik disiplin ve unvana göre belirli
eğilimlerin varlığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, araştırma üretkenliği yüksek olan grupta yer almanın temelde unvan, akademik disiplin ve yurt
içi ve yurt dışı araştırma işbirliği geliştirme gibi mesleki faktörlerle ilişkili olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bulgular çerçevesinde, farklı unvan ve
alanlardaki akademisyenlerin fırsatlara erişimini eşitleme yönündeki çabaların geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Destekleyen Kurum
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırmalar Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) ve Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi (ÇOMÜ BAP)
Proje Numarası
TÜBİTAK-Proje No: 117K917; ÇOMÜ BAP-Proje No: SBA-2017-1093
Teşekkür
Yazar ayrıca APIKS Türkiye proje ekibi üyelerine teşekkür eder.
Kaynakça
- Aarrevaara, T., Finkelstein, M., Jones, G.A., & Jung, J. (2021).
The academic profession in the knowledge-based society
(APIKS): Evolution of a major comparative research project.
In: T. Aarrevaara, M. Finkelstein, G.A. Jones, & J. Jung (Eds.),
Universities in the knowledge society (pp. 49-64). Cham:
Springer.
- Abouchedid, K., & Abdelnour, G. (2015). Faculty research
productivity in six Arab countries. International Review of
Education, 61(5), 673-690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-
015-9518-5
- Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C. A., & Caprasecca, A. (2009). The
contribution of star scientists to overall sex differences in
research productivity. Scientometrics, 81(1), 137. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11192-008-2131-7
- Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C. A., & Soldatenkova, A. (2016). The ratio
of top scientists to the academic staff as an indicator of the
competitive strength of universities. Journal of Informetrics,
10(2), 596-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2016.04.013
- Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C. A., & Soldatenkova, A. (2017). An
investigation on the skewness patterns and fractal nature
of research productivity distributions at field and discipline
level. Journal of Informetrics, 11(1), 324-335. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.02.001
- APIKSTR. (2022). APIKS Türkiye proje web sayfası. https://apikstr.
net/ adresinden 20.11.2022 tarihinde erişildi.
- Bentley, P. J. (2015). Cross-country differences in publishing productivity
of academics in research universities. Scientometrics,
102(1), 865-883. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1430-4
- Bland, C. J., Center, B. A., Finstad, D. A., Risbey, K. R., & Staples, J.
G. (2005). A theoretical, practical, predictive model of faculty
and department research productivity. Academic Medicine :
Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 80(3),
225-237. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200503000-
00006
- Cantwell, B., & Kauppinen, I. (Eds.) (2014). Academic capitalism
in the age of globalization. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins
University Press.
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in
education. London: Routledge.
- Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative,
and methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler
için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları.
Ankara: Pegem.
- Damar, M., Özdağoğlu, G., & Özveri, O. (2020). Bilimsel üretkenlik
bağlamında dünya sıralama sistemleri ve Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin
mevcut durumu. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3),
107-123.
- Damar, M., Özdağoğlu, G., & Özveri, O. (2021). Türkiye’de
yükseköğretim kurumlarının bilimsel üretkenliğinin izlenmesi:
Mevcut durum analizi ve öneriler. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim
Dergisi, 11(1), 35-48.
- Demeter, M., Jele, A., & Major, Z. B. (2022). The model of
maximum productivity for research universities SciVal author
ranks, productivity, university rankings, and their implications.
Scientometrics, 127(8), 4335-4361. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11192-022-04432-4
- Demir, S. B. (2018). Pros and cons of the new financial support
policy for Turkish researchers. Scientometrics, 116(3), 2053-
2068. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2833-4
- Dundar, H., & Lewis, D. R. (1998). Determinants of research
productivity in higher education. Research in Higher Education,
39(6), 607-631. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018705823763
- Eimers, M. T. (1997). The role of intrinsic enjoyment in motivating
faculty. Thought and Action, 13(2), 125-142.
- Erarslan, İ. (2015). Üniversitelerin uluslararası görünürlüğü:
Akademik performans ve üniversite marka değeri ilişkisi.
Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 37-47.
- Eti, S. (2016). Üniversitelerdeki akademik üretkenliğe etki eden
faktörlerin incelenmesi. İş’te Devranış Dergisi, 1(1), 67-73.
- Fritz, M., & Berger, P. D. (2015). Will anybody buy? Logistic
regression. In M. Fritz & P. D. Berger (Eds.), Improving the
user experience through practical data analytics (pp. 271-
304). Morgan Kaufmann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-
800635-1.00011-2
- Harzing, AW. (2013). A preliminary test of Google Scholar as
a source for citation data: a longitudinal study of Nobel
prize winners. Scientometrics, 94, 1057–1075. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11192-012-0777-7
- Höhle, E. A. & Teichler, U. (2013). The academic profession in
the light of comparative surveys. In B. M. Kehm & U. Teichler
(Eds.), The academic profession in Europe: New tasks and new
challenges (pp. 23-38). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Jaffe, K., ter Horst, E., Gunn, L. H., Zambrano, J. D., & Molina, G.
(2020). A network analysis of research productivity by country,
discipline, and wealth. PLOS ONE, 15(5), e0232458. https://
doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232458
- Jung, J. (2014). Research productivity by career stage among
Korean academics. Tertiary Education and Management,
20(2), 85-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2014.8892
06
- Kezar, A. & Maxey, D. (2016). Resonant themes for a professoriate
reconsidered. In A. Kezar & D. Maxey (Eds.), Envisioning the
faculty for the twenty-first century: moving to a missionoriented
and learner-centered model (pp. 204-216). New
Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
- Kuzhabekova, A., & Ruby, A. (2018). Raising research productivity
in a Post-Soviet higher education system:A case from Central
Asia. European Education, 50(3), 266-282. https://doi.org/10.
1080/10564934.2018.1444942
- Kwiek, M. (2016). The European research elite: A cross-national
study of highly productive academics in 11 countries. Higher
Education, 71(3), 379-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-
015-9910-x
- Kwiek, M. (2018). High research productivity in vertically
undifferentiated higher education systems: Who are the top
performers? Scientometrics, 115(1), 415-462. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11192-018-2644-7
- Kyvik, S., & Olsen, T. B. (2008). Does the aging of tenured academic
staff affect the research performance of universities?
Scientometrics, 76(3), 439-455. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11192-007-1767-z
- Lam, A. (2011). What motivates academic scientists to engage
in research commercialization: ‘Gold’, ‘ribbon’ or ‘puzzle’?
Research Policy, 40(10), 1354-1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
respol.2011.09.002
- Lee, Y.-H. (2021). Determinants of research productivity in
Korean Universities: The role of research funding. The
Journal of Technology Transfer, 46(5), 1462-1486. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10961-020-09817-2
- Maviş Sevim, F. Ö. (2018). Doktora öğrencileri için hazırlanan
araştırma üretkenliğini destekleme programının geliştirilmesi
ve değerlendirilmesi [Doktora Tezi]. Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa
Üniversitesi.
- Mengi, F., & Schreglmann, S. (2013). Akademisyenlik bağlamında
bilimsel üretkenliği etkileyen çevresel faktörler. Amasya
Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 1-17.
- Önder, C., & Erdil, S. E. (2015). Aynı kurumsal beklentilere tabi
aktörlerin farklılaşan davranışları: Öğretim üyelerinin bilimsel
yayın üretkenliklerinin üniversite, bölüm ve birey düzeyindeki
yordayıcıları. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 42(3), 481-519.
- Parke, C. S. (2013). Essential first steps to data analysis: Scenariobased
examples using SPSS. SAGE Publications. https://dx.doi.
org/10.4135/9781506335148
- Piro, F. N., Rørstad, K., & Aksnes, D. W. (2016). How does prolific
professors influence on the citation impact of their university
departments? Scientometrics, 107(3), 941-961. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11192-016-1900-y
- Pogrebnyakov, N., Kristensen, J. D., & Gammelgaard, J. (2017). If
you come, will they build it? The impact of the design and use of
a performance management system on researcher motivation.
Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 43,
67-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2017.01.004
- Resmi Gazete. (2018a). Akademik teşvik ödeneği yönetmeliği.
https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/21.5.201811834.
pdf adresinden 20.11.2022 tarihinde erişildi.
- Resmi Gazete. (2018b). Doçentlik yönetmeliği. https://www.
resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/04/20180415-3.htm
adresinden 20.11.2022 tarihinde erişildi.
- Resmi Gazete. (2018c). Öğretim üyeliğine atanma ve yükseltilme
yönetmeliği. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/
2018/06/20180612-6.htm dresinden 20.11.2022 tarihinde
erişildi.
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the entrepreneurial university from the perspective of higher
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collaboration, and time on research. Scientometrics, 85(2),
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education institutions: A review on the measurements and
affecting factors of research performance. Journal of Higher
Education and Science, 7(2), 312-320.
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academic profession. Major findings of a comparative survey.
Dordrecht: Springer.
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productivity: A cross-national analysis. Higher Education,
39(2), 201-222. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003901018634
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Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(27), 182-203.
Xie, Y. (2014). “Undemocracy”: Inequalities in science. Science,
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https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/ adresinden 20.11.2022 tarihinde
erişildi.
Highly Productive Academics: Who are They? How Do They Work? What are the Influencing Factors?
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 205 - 218, 14.08.2023
Alper Çalıkoğlu
Öz
The increasing global competition and efforts toward creating a knowledge society have broadened the importance of research activities in
higher education. Hence, in many countries, academic publications have become the main criteria in hiring and promotion of academics.
Efforts aiming to increase academics’ productivity have also been witnessed in Turkey recently. This research examines highly productive
academics in Turkish higher education through selected variables. Data were collected in the Turkish stage of an international comparative
research project via survey. Descriptive and inferential techniques and logistic regression were used in the data analysis. The findings
indicate that the most productive group of Turkish academics produce more than a half of the whole academic publications in Turkey.
Patterns were also witnessed in the distribution of highly productive academics based especially on rank and discipline. Lastly, associations
were found between being in the most productive group and professional factors such as rank, discipline, and research collaboration at
the domestic and international level. Recommendations were made to improve the equality in opportunities for academics in different
disciplines and career stages.
Proje Numarası
TÜBİTAK-Proje No: 117K917; ÇOMÜ BAP-Proje No: SBA-2017-1093
Kaynakça
- Aarrevaara, T., Finkelstein, M., Jones, G.A., & Jung, J. (2021).
The academic profession in the knowledge-based society
(APIKS): Evolution of a major comparative research project.
In: T. Aarrevaara, M. Finkelstein, G.A. Jones, & J. Jung (Eds.),
Universities in the knowledge society (pp. 49-64). Cham:
Springer.
- Abouchedid, K., & Abdelnour, G. (2015). Faculty research
productivity in six Arab countries. International Review of
Education, 61(5), 673-690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-
015-9518-5
- Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C. A., & Caprasecca, A. (2009). The
contribution of star scientists to overall sex differences in
research productivity. Scientometrics, 81(1), 137. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11192-008-2131-7
- Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C. A., & Soldatenkova, A. (2016). The ratio
of top scientists to the academic staff as an indicator of the
competitive strength of universities. Journal of Informetrics,
10(2), 596-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2016.04.013
- Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C. A., & Soldatenkova, A. (2017). An
investigation on the skewness patterns and fractal nature
of research productivity distributions at field and discipline
level. Journal of Informetrics, 11(1), 324-335. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.02.001
- APIKSTR. (2022). APIKS Türkiye proje web sayfası. https://apikstr.
net/ adresinden 20.11.2022 tarihinde erişildi.
- Bentley, P. J. (2015). Cross-country differences in publishing productivity
of academics in research universities. Scientometrics,
102(1), 865-883. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1430-4
- Bland, C. J., Center, B. A., Finstad, D. A., Risbey, K. R., & Staples, J.
G. (2005). A theoretical, practical, predictive model of faculty
and department research productivity. Academic Medicine :
Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 80(3),
225-237. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200503000-
00006
- Cantwell, B., & Kauppinen, I. (Eds.) (2014). Academic capitalism
in the age of globalization. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins
University Press.
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in
education. London: Routledge.
- Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative,
and methods approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler
için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları.
Ankara: Pegem.
- Damar, M., Özdağoğlu, G., & Özveri, O. (2020). Bilimsel üretkenlik
bağlamında dünya sıralama sistemleri ve Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin
mevcut durumu. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(3),
107-123.
- Damar, M., Özdağoğlu, G., & Özveri, O. (2021). Türkiye’de
yükseköğretim kurumlarının bilimsel üretkenliğinin izlenmesi:
Mevcut durum analizi ve öneriler. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim
Dergisi, 11(1), 35-48.
- Demeter, M., Jele, A., & Major, Z. B. (2022). The model of
maximum productivity for research universities SciVal author
ranks, productivity, university rankings, and their implications.
Scientometrics, 127(8), 4335-4361. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11192-022-04432-4
- Demir, S. B. (2018). Pros and cons of the new financial support
policy for Turkish researchers. Scientometrics, 116(3), 2053-
2068. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2833-4
- Dundar, H., & Lewis, D. R. (1998). Determinants of research
productivity in higher education. Research in Higher Education,
39(6), 607-631. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018705823763
- Eimers, M. T. (1997). The role of intrinsic enjoyment in motivating
faculty. Thought and Action, 13(2), 125-142.
- Erarslan, İ. (2015). Üniversitelerin uluslararası görünürlüğü:
Akademik performans ve üniversite marka değeri ilişkisi.
Beykent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 37-47.
- Eti, S. (2016). Üniversitelerdeki akademik üretkenliğe etki eden
faktörlerin incelenmesi. İş’te Devranış Dergisi, 1(1), 67-73.
- Fritz, M., & Berger, P. D. (2015). Will anybody buy? Logistic
regression. In M. Fritz & P. D. Berger (Eds.), Improving the
user experience through practical data analytics (pp. 271-
304). Morgan Kaufmann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-
800635-1.00011-2
- Harzing, AW. (2013). A preliminary test of Google Scholar as
a source for citation data: a longitudinal study of Nobel
prize winners. Scientometrics, 94, 1057–1075. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11192-012-0777-7
- Höhle, E. A. & Teichler, U. (2013). The academic profession in
the light of comparative surveys. In B. M. Kehm & U. Teichler
(Eds.), The academic profession in Europe: New tasks and new
challenges (pp. 23-38). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Jaffe, K., ter Horst, E., Gunn, L. H., Zambrano, J. D., & Molina, G.
(2020). A network analysis of research productivity by country,
discipline, and wealth. PLOS ONE, 15(5), e0232458. https://
doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232458
- Jung, J. (2014). Research productivity by career stage among
Korean academics. Tertiary Education and Management,
20(2), 85-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2014.8892
06
- Kezar, A. & Maxey, D. (2016). Resonant themes for a professoriate
reconsidered. In A. Kezar & D. Maxey (Eds.), Envisioning the
faculty for the twenty-first century: moving to a missionoriented
and learner-centered model (pp. 204-216). New
Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
- Kuzhabekova, A., & Ruby, A. (2018). Raising research productivity
in a Post-Soviet higher education system:A case from Central
Asia. European Education, 50(3), 266-282. https://doi.org/10.
1080/10564934.2018.1444942
- Kwiek, M. (2016). The European research elite: A cross-national
study of highly productive academics in 11 countries. Higher
Education, 71(3), 379-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-
015-9910-x
- Kwiek, M. (2018). High research productivity in vertically
undifferentiated higher education systems: Who are the top
performers? Scientometrics, 115(1), 415-462. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11192-018-2644-7
- Kyvik, S., & Olsen, T. B. (2008). Does the aging of tenured academic
staff affect the research performance of universities?
Scientometrics, 76(3), 439-455. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11192-007-1767-z
- Lam, A. (2011). What motivates academic scientists to engage
in research commercialization: ‘Gold’, ‘ribbon’ or ‘puzzle’?
Research Policy, 40(10), 1354-1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
respol.2011.09.002
- Lee, Y.-H. (2021). Determinants of research productivity in
Korean Universities: The role of research funding. The
Journal of Technology Transfer, 46(5), 1462-1486. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s10961-020-09817-2
- Maviş Sevim, F. Ö. (2018). Doktora öğrencileri için hazırlanan
araştırma üretkenliğini destekleme programının geliştirilmesi
ve değerlendirilmesi [Doktora Tezi]. Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa
Üniversitesi.
- Mengi, F., & Schreglmann, S. (2013). Akademisyenlik bağlamında
bilimsel üretkenliği etkileyen çevresel faktörler. Amasya
Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 1-17.
- Önder, C., & Erdil, S. E. (2015). Aynı kurumsal beklentilere tabi
aktörlerin farklılaşan davranışları: Öğretim üyelerinin bilimsel
yayın üretkenliklerinin üniversite, bölüm ve birey düzeyindeki
yordayıcıları. ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 42(3), 481-519.
- Parke, C. S. (2013). Essential first steps to data analysis: Scenariobased
examples using SPSS. SAGE Publications. https://dx.doi.
org/10.4135/9781506335148
- Piro, F. N., Rørstad, K., & Aksnes, D. W. (2016). How does prolific
professors influence on the citation impact of their university
departments? Scientometrics, 107(3), 941-961. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11192-016-1900-y
- Pogrebnyakov, N., Kristensen, J. D., & Gammelgaard, J. (2017). If
you come, will they build it? The impact of the design and use of
a performance management system on researcher motivation.
Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 43,
67-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2017.01.004
- Resmi Gazete. (2018a). Akademik teşvik ödeneği yönetmeliği.
https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/21.5.201811834.
pdf adresinden 20.11.2022 tarihinde erişildi.
- Resmi Gazete. (2018b). Doçentlik yönetmeliği. https://www.
resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/04/20180415-3.htm
adresinden 20.11.2022 tarihinde erişildi.
- Resmi Gazete. (2018c). Öğretim üyeliğine atanma ve yükseltilme
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