Yükseköğretimde Küreselleşme: Yükseköğretim Raporları Çerçevesinde Söylem Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 147 - 161, 30.08.2024

Sıtar Keser , Mesut Demirbilek , Gülşah Taşçı , Muzaffer Henden

https://doi.org/10.5961/higheredusci.1240420

Öz

Bu araştırmada küreselleşmenin yükseköğretim düzeyindeki etkileri “Eleştirel Söylem Analizi” kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla ulusal ve uluslararası kuruluşların raporlarının “editoryal giriş”, “önsöz” ve “yönetici özeti” bölümleri eleştirel söylem analizi (CDA) yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Metinlerin birlikte ve ayrı ayrı çözümlenmesinde açık, eksenel ve seçici kodlama kullanılmıştır. Açık kodlama sonucunda toplam yirmi dokuz kod elde edilmiştir. Eksenel kodlama sonucu “nesnelleşme”, “piyasa merkezli hareket etme”, “dıştan içe doğru oluşum”, “homojenleşme” ve “yukarıdan aşağıya doğru oluşum” eğilimlerinin ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Eksenel kodlama sonucunda oluşan kategorilerin ortak noktaları incelendiğinde, izomorfizm temelinde bir bağlantı olduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

izomorfizm, standardizasyon, piyasa merkezlilik, nesneleştirme.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

yok

Globalization in Higher Education: Discourse Analysis in the Context of Higher Education Reports

Öz

In this research, the effects of globalization at the higher education level were examined by using "Critical Discourse Analysis". For this purpose, the "editorial introduction", "preface" and "executive summary" sections of the reports of national and international organizations were analysed using the critical discourse analysis (CDA) method. Open, axial and selective coding was used in the analysis of the texts together and separately. As a result of open coding, a total twenty-nine codes were obtained. As revealed by the axial codes, it can be said that the tendency of “objectification”, “market-centred acting”, “formation from outside towards inside”, “homogenization” and "formation from top towards bottom” was observed. When the common points of the categories formed as a result of axial coding are examined, it can be said that there is a connection on the basis of isomorphism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

isomorphism, standardization, market orientation, objectification

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

• Abu Al-Haija, Y., & Mahamid, H. (2021) Trends in higher education under neoliberalism: Between traditional education and the culture of globalization. Educational Research and Reviews, 16(2),16-26. https://doi.org/ 10.5897/ERR2020.4101
• Adithan, M., & Creese, R. (2010). Globalization of higher education: A case study from India. American Society for Engineering Education. Retrieved from https://peer.asee.org/globalization-ofhigher- education-a-case-study-from-india
• Albrow, M., & King, E. (1990). Globalization, knowledge and society. Sage Publications.
• Altbach, P. G. (2004). Globalisation and the university: Myths and realities in an unequal world. Tertiary Education and Management, 10(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:TEAM. 0000012239.55136.4b
• Bakioğlu, A. B., & Keser, S. (2019). Küreselleşmenin yükseköğretime paradoksal etkilerinin analizi [Analysis of the paradoxical effects of globalization on higher education]. Uluslararası Liderlik Eğitimi Dergisi, 2(2), 8-19. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/ download/article-file/740941
• Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme [A conceptual review on sampling methods and sample size issues in qualitative research]. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/ article-file/497090
• Bauman, Z. (2006). Luquid modernity. Polity Press.
• Beck, K. (2012). Globalization/s: Reproduction and resistance in the internationalization of higher education. Canadian Journal of Education/Revue Canadienne de l’éducation, 35(3), 133–148. Retrieved from https://journals.sfu.ca/cje/index.php/cje-rce/ article/view/1077/1331
• Brown, R. (2014). The marketization of higher education: Issues and ironies. New Vistas, 1(1), 4-9. Retrieved from https://repository. uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/3065/
• Cambridge Dictionary (2023). Preface. Retrieved from https:// dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/preface
• Cardona, L., Pardo, M., & Dasi, A. (2020). The institutional isomorphism in the context of organizational changes in higher education institutions. International Journal of Research inEducation and Science (IJRES), 6(1), 61-73. Retrieved from https://www.ijres.net/ index.php/ijres/article/view/639/pdf
• Carnoy, M. (2005). Globalization, educational trends and the open society. Open Society Institue. Retrieved from https://www. opensocietyfoundations.org/uploads/7fab0f35-4f84-4ed7-82d6- ee2346b7c142/carnoy_english.pdf
• Coglianese, C. (2000). Globalization and the design of international institutions. Penn Carey Law: Legal Scholarship Repository All Faculty Scholarship. Retrieved from https://scholarship.law. upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1549 Congressional Research Service (2002). Developing countries: Definitions, concepts and comparisons. CRS Report for Congress. Retrieved from https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/ metadc822497/m2/1/high_res_d/RL31662_2002Dec06.pdf
• Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1996). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Sage Publications.
• Dictionary (2023). Preface. Retrieved from https://www.dictionary. com/browse/preface
• DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The Iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collectiverationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160. https://doi. org/10.2307/2095101
• Dirlik, A. (2012). Küreselleşmenin Sonu mu? İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
• Erdem, A. R. (2012). Küreselleşme: Türk yükseköğretimine etkisi [Globalization: Its impact on Turkish higher education]. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 2(2), 109-117. Retrieved from https:// dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/598612
• Etzkowitz, H.,Webster, A., & Healey, P. (1998). Capitalizing knowledge: New intersections of industry and academia. State University of New York (SUNY) Press
• Etzkowitz, H. (2002). The triple helix of university - industry - government implications for policy and evaluation. Retrieved from https://www.donorth.co/appurtenancy/pdfs/etzkowitz_ triple_helix.pdf
• European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice (2020). The European Higher Education Area in 2020: Bologna Process Implementation Report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
• Fairclough, N. (2001). Critical discourse analysis as a method in social scientific research. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (eds). Methods in critical discourse analysis (pp. 121-138). London: Sage.
• Fairclough, N. (2006). Language and globalization. Routledge.
• Fay, D. L., & Zavattaro, S. M. (2016). Branding and isomorphism: The case of higher education. Public Administration Review, 76(5), 805–815. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12626
• FICCI-EY (2021). Higher education in India: Vision 2040 Report. India: Ernst & Young LLP. Retrieved from https://www.ficci-hes.com/ pdf/2021/eyreport.pdf
• Foucault, M. (2011). Özne ve iktidar [Subject and power] (Çev. Ergüden, I., & Akınhay, O.). Ayrıntı Yayınları.
• Foucault, M. (2015). Eleştiri nedir? Kendilik kültürü [What is criticism? Self culture ](Çev. M. Erşen). Ayrıntı Yayınları.
• Friedman, T. (2007). The world is flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century. Picador.
• Geerlings, L. R. C., & Lundberg, A. (2018). Global discourses and power/knowledge: Theoretical reflections on futures of higher education during the rise of Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 38(2), 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2018.146025 9
• Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.
• Gonzalez, B. (2016). Globalization: Economic, Political and Social Issues. Hauppauge, N.Y. Nova Science Publishers.
• Gómez, M. B. C. (2003). The preface as a genre in english translations in the 17th century. Estudios Humanísticos (Filología), (25), 185– 196. https://doi.org/10.18002/ehf.v0i25.2697 Gur, B. S., & Wiley, D. A. (2007). Instructional technology and objectification. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 33(3), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.21432/T2PW2X
• Guzman-Valenzuela, C.(2017). Universities, knowledge and pedagogical configurations: Glimpsing the complex university. Educational Philosophy and Theory 50 (1):5-17 https://doi.org/1 0.1080/00131857.2017.1313717.
• Grix, J. (2010). The foundations of research. Palgrave Macmillan.
• Hampson-Jones, N. (2023). Higher education and standardization: Knowledge management between generations. Bsi Education White Paper for Education. Retrieved from https://unece.org/ DAM/trade/wp6/AreasOfWork/EducationOnStandardization/BSIAcademicWhitepaper. pdf
• Hardt, M., & Negri, A. (2015). İmparatorluk [Empire] (Yılmaz, A. Çev.) Ayrıntı Yayınları.
• Hazra, M. (2018). Impact of globalization on higher education in India: Key Challenges and issues. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 5(5), 941-945. Retrieved from https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1805346.pdf
• Hemsley-Brown, J., & Oplatka, I. (2010). The globalization and marketization of higher education: Some insights from the standpoint of institutional theory. In Maringe, F., & Foskett, N. (Eds). Globalization and internationalization in higher education. Continuum Intl Pub Group.
• Jacobs, E. (2020). The homogenizing and diversifying effects of migration policy in the internationalization of higher education. The International Journal of Higher Education Research, 83(2), 339-355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00658-4
• Jodhka, S., & Newman, K. (2007). In the name of globalisation: Meritocracy, productivity and the hidden language of caste. Economic and Political Weekly, 42(41), 4125-4132. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/40276546
• Kauppi, K. (2018). The global ranking game: Narrowing academic excellence through numerical objectification. Studies in Higher Education, 43(10),1750-1762. https://doi.org/10.1080/0307507 9.2018.1520416
• Kwong, J. (2000). Introduction: Marketisation and privatisation in education. International Journal of Educational Development, (20), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-0593(99)00060-7
• Mancini, J. A. (2012). Globalization partnerships, modernization and future perspectives. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
• Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D., & Festinger, D. (2005). Essentials of research design and methodology. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Mandre, J., Ntayi, J. M., Kabagambe, L. B., & Kagaari, J. (2021). Institutional isomorphism, self-organisation and the adoption of management controls. Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems, 20(2), 332-364. . https://doi.org/10.24818/ jamis.2021.02007
• Maringe, F., & Gibbs, P. (2009). Marketing higher education: Theory and practice. Open University Press.
• Maringe, F., & Foskett, N. (2010). Globalization and internationalization in higher education: Theoretical, strategic and management perspective. Continuum International Publishing Group.
• Marginson, S. (1999). Introduction by Guest Editor: Education and the trend to markets. Australian Journal of Education, 43(3), 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/000494419904300302
• Marginson, S. (2022). What is global higher education? Oxford Review of Education, 48(4), 492-517. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985. 2022.2061438
• Matei L. (2017). Three ideas of academic freedom. In Ignatıeff, M. & Roch, S. (Eds.), Academic Freedom: The global challenge. Budapest: CEU Press.
• Meyer, H. D., & Rowan, B. (2006). Institutional analysis and the study of education. State University of New York Press
• Meyer, H. D., & Rowan, B. (2012). The new institutionalism in education. The State University of New York Press. Movius, L. (2010). Cultural globalisation and challenges to traditional communication theories. Platform: Journal of Media and Communication, 2(1), 6-18. Retrieved from https://platformjmc. com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/platformvol2issue1_movius. pdf
• Mullat, D. R. (2018). A general critical discourse analysis framework for educational research. Journal of Advanced Academics, 29(2), 116–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932202X187582
• Narmania, D., Chokheli, E., Kharkheli, M., Keshelashvili, G., Kikutadze, V., Gulua, E., Vardiashvili, N., Tofuria, B., & Gavardashvili, D. (2021). TSU competitiveness assessment based on the research of university entrants’ attitude. Brussels: EUSER.
• Olsen, J. P. (2005). The institutional dynamics of the European university. Oslo University: Centre for European Studies. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5971-1_2
• Ordorika, I., &Lloyd, M. (2015). International rankings and the contest for university hegemony. Journal of Education Policy, 30(3), 385- 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2014.979247
• Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation [OECD] (2020). Resourcing higher education: Challenges, choices and consequences. Oecd Library. Retrieved from https://www.oecdilibrary. org/sites/735e1f44 en/index.html?itemId=/content/ publication/735e1f44-en
• Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation [OECD] (2021). The state of higher education: One year into the COVID-19 pandemic Report. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/ docserver/83c41957 en.pdf?expires=1714142686&id=id&accna me=guest&checksum=4ED5662C5008655BB8F07A89BFAA4013
• Oswort, K. (2017). What is a preface in a book? DiggyPod. Retrieved from https://www.diggypod.com/blog/preface/
• Peters, M. (2010). Three forms of the knowledge economy: Learning, creativity and openness. British Journal of Educational Studies, 58(1), 67-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071000903516452
• Raaper, R., & Olssen, M. (2016). Mark Olssen on neoliberalisation of higher education and academic lives: An interview. Policy Futures in Education, 14(2), 147-163. https://doi. org/10.1177/1478210315610992
• Rao, R. (2018). Globalization and higher education in India: An overview. Paper presented in National Conference on Emerging Trends and Scope in Digital Banking, Cashless Economy & Innovations in Commerce and Modern Management & International Seminar on Global Economy: Opportunities and Challenges. India, 29-30 September, 2018.
• Ritzer, G. (2011). Küreselleşme [Globalization] (Çev: M. Pakdemir). Ayrıntı Yayınları.
• Robertson, R. (1992). Globalization: Social theory and global culture. SAGE Publications.
• Seki, İ. (2013). Bilgi ekonomisinde yeni yaklaşımlar [New approaches in the knowledge economy]. Çanakkale: Beta Yayınları.
• Shahjahan, R.A. (2012) The roles of ınternational organizations (IOs) in globalizing higher education policy. In Smart J., & Paulsen M. (eds). Higher education: Handbook of Theory And Research (pp.369-407). Springer.
• Shahjahan, R. A. (2015). Being ‘ Lazy’ and Slowing Down: Toward decolonizing time, our body and pedagogy. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 47(5), 488-501. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00131857.2014.880645
• Shahnaz, A. (2022). Marketisation of higher education: A genre analysis of university prospectuses in Pakistan. Higher Education Quarterly, 76(6), 653– 670. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12334
• Taşçı, G., & Çelebi, M. (2020). Eğitimde yeni bir paradigma: Yükseköğretimde yapay zekâ [A new paradigm in education: Artificial intelligence in higher education]. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 16(29), 2346-2370. https://doi. org/10.26466/opus.747634
• Taşçı, G. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on higher education: Rethinking internationalization behind the iceberg. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 13(1), 522–536. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1285811.pdf
• The World Bank (2021). Higher education. Retrieved from https:// www.worldbank.org/en/topic/tertiaryeducation#1
• Times Higher Education-THE-(2022). World University Rankings 2022. Retrieved from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/worlduniversity- rankings/2022/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/-1/ sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats
• Toker Kılınç, N. (2017). Universitas. Cumhuriyet Akademi, (1), 2-3. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Üniversitelerarası Kurul Başkanlığı [Presidency of the Interuniversity Council of the Republic of Türkiye] (2016). Türkiye’de yükseköğretim ve uluslararasılaşma. Retrieved from https://cdn.hitit.edu.tr/hitit/files/23530_1610041532492.pdf United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
• [UNESCO] (2020). Global education monitoring report 2020. Inclusion and education: All means all. Unesdoc. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373718
• White, R. E., & Cooper, K. (2016). Globalizatıon’s promise: Different, like everyone else. Gonzalez, B. (eds.). In Globalization: Economic, political and social issues (1-18 pp.). Nova publisher.
• Williamson, J. (1998). Globalization: The concept, causes, and consequences. Peterson Institute for International Economics. Retrieved from https://www.piie.com/commentary/speechespapers/ globalization-concept-causes-and-consequences
• Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (2009). Critical discourse analysis: History, agenda, theory and methodology. London: Sage.
• Varghese, N. (2013). Globalization and higher education: Changing trends in cross border education. Analytical Reports in International Education, 5(5),7-20. Retrieved from https://aried.info/ index.php?journal=arie&page=article&op=download&path%5B% 5D=31&path%5B%5D=30
• Vocabulary (2023). Preface. Retrieved from https://www.vocabulary. com/dictionary/preface
• Young, M. (1961). The rise of the meritocracy: An essay on education and society. London: Thames and Hudson.
• Zha, Q. (2009). Diversification or homogenization in higher education: A global allomorphism perspective. Higher Education in Europe, 34(3), 459-479. https://doi.org/10.1080/03797720903356628