Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Psikomotor Becerilerin Geliştirilmesinde Farklı Öğretim Yöntemlerinin Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3, 387 - 393, 31.12.2024

Azzet Yüksel , Nehir Demirel , Füsun Terzioğlu

Öz

Hemşirelik eğitiminin büyük bir kısmını oluşturan uygulamalı eğitiminin etkin bir şekilde yapılmasını engelleyen birçok sorun sebebiyle
hemşirelik eğitiminde farklı öğretim yöntemlerinin kullanılması kaçınılmaz hâle gelmiştir. Bu yöntemler içerisinde, yüksek gerçekli
simülasyon, video destekli eğitim, senaryo temelli öğrenme, bilgisayar destekli oyunlar, sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları, öğrencilerin gerçek
yaşam durumlarını deneyimledikleri gerçekçi bir öğrenme ortamı sağlayarak öğrencilerin hem bilişsel hem de psikomotor becerilerinin
geliştirilmesinde aktif olarak kullanılmaktadır.
Yüksek gerçekli simülasyon uygulamaları hemşirelik öğrencilerinin; klinik yeterliliklerini, öz güvenini, eleştirel düşünme becerisini, iletişim
becerisini ve bilgi düzeyini artırıp, öğrencilerin kaygısını azaltarak, klinik karar verme sürecini olumlu etkilediği görülmektedir. Yüksek
gerçekli simülasyon kapsamında yer alan standardize hasta uygulamalarının da senaryodaki duyguyu daha gerçekçi yansıtmaya olanak
sağladığı belirtilmektedir. Video destekli eğitimin hemşirelik öğrencilerinde psikomotor becerileri geliştirdiği ancak dokunma hissinin eksik
kaldığı belirtilmektedir. Senaryo temelli öğrenme ile öğrencilere bir problem üzerinde çözüm yolları bulabilmeleri ve edinmiş oldukları
bilgi birikimlerini kullanarak problemi çözmeleri beklenir. Birçok araştırmacı senaryo temelli öğrenmenin temel olarak öğrencilerin
analitik, entelektüel, problem çözme, iletişim ve takım çalışması becerilerini içeren yetenek ve becerilerinin geliştirilmesine yardım ettiğini
belirtmektedir. Bilgisayar destekli oyunlar hemşirelik eğitiminde, oyunların kullanımı öğrencilere gerçekçi ve güvenli bir ortamda klinik
akıl yürütme ve karar verme fırsatını sunmaktadır. Sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları nesnelerin sanal dünya ile bütünleştirilmesidir. Pek çok
eğitimcinin ilgi odağı hâline gelen sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi, gerçeğe çok yakın bir eğitim ortamı oluşturarak öğrencinin klinik ortam
öncesi beceri yeterliliğini artırmaktadır.
Sonuç olarak, psikomotor becerilerin geliştirilmesi amacıyla kullanılan farklı öğretim yöntemlerinin hemşirelik eğitimine olumlu katkısı
olduğu ve yöntemlerin öğrenim amaçları ve çıktıları doğrultusunda şekillendirilmesinin önemli olduğu görülmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemşirelik Eğitimi, Psikomotor beceri, Öğretim yöntemleri

The Effect of Different Teaching Methods on the Development of Psychomotor Skills in Nursing Students

Öz

It has become inevitable to use different teaching methods in nursing education due to many problems that prevent practical training,
which constitutes a large part of nursing education, from being carried out effectively. Among these methods, high-fidelity simulation,
video-assisted education, scenario-based learning, computer-assisted games, virtual reality applications are actively used to develop both
cognitive and psychomotor skills of students by providing a realistic learning environment where students experience real-life situations.
High fidelity simulation applications for nursing students; It appears to have a positive impact on the clinical decision-making process by
increasing clinical competence, self-confidence, critical thinking skills, communication skills and knowledge level, and reducing students’
anxiety. It is stated that standardized patient applications within the scope of high-reality simulation also enable a more realistic reflection
of the emotion in the scenario. It is stated that video-assisted education improves psychomotor skills in nursing students, but the sense
of touch is lacking. With scenario-based learning, students are expected to find solutions to a problem and solve the problem using the
knowledge they have acquired. Many researchers state that scenario-based learning basically helps develop students’ abilities and skills,
including analytical, intellectual, problem-solving, communication and teamwork skills. The use of computer-assisted games in nursing
education offers students the opportunity to use clinical reasoning and decision-making in a realistic and safe environment. Virtual reality
applications are the integration of objects with the virtual world. Virtual reality technology, which has become the focus of attention of
many educators, increases the student’s pre-clinical skill proficiency by creating an educational environment that is very close to reality.
As a result, it is seen that different teaching methods used to develop psychomotor skills have a positive contribution to nursing education
and it is important to shape the methods in line with the learning objectives and outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nursing Education, Psychomotor skills, Teaching methods

Kaynakça

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