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An Application Supporting Spiritual Care: Music Therapy

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 35, 259 - 286, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.14395/hititilahiyat.506665

Öz

Abstract

 Music, which has the power to miraculously affect the emotions, thoughts and behaviors of human beings, has been used for treatment in different geographies and cultures from ancient times until today. Music therapy and spiritual care have simila  r characteristics in terms of applied individuals and purposes. Therefore, the use of these applications with similar aims in the physical and spiritual treatment of individuals with serious health problems is important in terms of enabling a holistic treatment. While music therapy is a very important supportive application in relieving, comforting and treating the elderly and patients in spiritual care services, it is not possible to say that music therapy is applied at an adequate level in our country. In this study, the historical background of the phenomenon of music, the approaches of the divine and worldly religions to music, the use of secular or religious music in health care and spiritual care activities in the world and the effects on psychological/physical health were discussed. The aim of this study was to raise awareness of the importance of the use of music in the new emerging spiritual care services in Turkey.

Summary

Music has been used for healing in many cultures from the ancient times to the present. Music has the ability to create unusual states of consciousness or cause changes on the listening people. Making music or just listening can take the individual from his / her environment and move them into other areas of existence. In Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam, music is used in religious rituals and rituals in different ways such as divine singing, reading of the scriptures and playing instrumental music. Music therapy, which emerged in USA as a science and professional practice in the university in the 1940s, rapidly spread and developed to other parts of the world, especially in Europe in the following years. Today, music therapy in the West has a 2-4 year undergraduate / graduate level education program and has become a profession branch in hospitals, hospice, clinics and schools. In Turkey has been made legal arrangements on music therapy for the first time in 2014 and already some universities have a certified music therapy training program. Music therapy is a health-oriented, knowledge-based, organized and planned practice that has special needs, centering the relationship between patient and therapist. Music therapy can be applied to individuals of all ages in many different institutions such as schools, hospitals, nursing homes. There are physiological psychosocial, cognitive and spiritual goals that are aimed at reaching music therapy. These aims are to realize personal change in general, to facilitate interpersonal relations, to support development, to contribute to self-realization and to help the individual to socialize. There are different approaches to music therapy. These approaches; Guided Image and Music, Analytic Music Therapy, Creative Music Therapy, Benenzon Music Therapy and Behavioral Music Therapy. There are different applications in the form of improvisational music, singing / singing, playing instrument, writing and listening in music therapy. The psychological and physical health status, interests, needs and abilities of the patient are considered in the application of these. Music therapy is used in the treatment of cancer, heart disease, autism, psychological diseases, multiple scleros, speech disorders and many other diseases. 

Spiritual care is spiritual-oriented support services for sick and elderly individuals who are near death due to serious health problems. In spiritual care services, trust, hope, commitment to life and feelings of forgiveness are supported. Spiritual care services include spiritual support not only for the elderly and the patients but also for the survivors after traumatic events such as accidents, disasters or terrorist incidents. Music therapy is an approach that cannot be limited to a single model, order and purpose, practitioner, or training program. At the same time, music therapy is aimed at reaching a number of spiritual goals such as individual transformation, vital meaning and purpose, identity, faith, commitment to others and God. Therefore, music therapy is related to spiritual care as well as to other disciplines such as education, health and psychology. In spiritual counseling, it is aimed to provide the individuals with psychological and physical health problems to be comforted, to be relieved, to find their meaning in their suffering and to gain positive feelings and behaviors such as trust, hope and patience by freeing them from the effects of negative emotions. In music therapy, it is aimed to relieve the suffering of the same target group, to socialize by isolating from isolation, to increase communication, to relieve, to forgive, to increase the productivity and hope. Therefore, it can be said that the aims of spiritual care services and music therapy overlap each other. Both spiritual care and music therapy are an important goal in helping to find meaning in the troubles. In spiritual care, diseases and other distressing events are helped to find meaningful meanings beyond the life of the world. In music therapy, it is possible to gain a sense of meaning through various musical experiences. In many studies we have included in the article, it has been determined that music makes many positive contributions to treatment of individuals suffering from various physical and psychological diseases in terms of treatment, comfort, rehabilitation, stress and pain management, relaxation, socialization, loyalty and communication. Music also plays a supporting role in the spiritual care activities by removing the negative mood experienced during the treatment process, giving positive emotions, giving spiritual experiences, helping to find meaning for suffering. Therefore, in the treatment of physiological and psychological diseases of individuals, the use of spiritual care and music therapy applications is important in order to provide a holistic treatment. Unfortunately, it is not possible to say that music therapy is applied at an adequate level in our country. In this context, courses on the use of music can be taught in medical schools and spiritual counseling training programs. Thus, awareness of the importance of music in the process of physical and spiritual treatment of sick individuals may occur.


Kaynakça

  • Al-Hujwiri Ali bin Usman, Kashf Al-Mahjub, Lahore: Zia-ul-Quran Publications 2001.
  • Alridge David, “Music Therapy and the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease”. Clinical Gerontologist. 16/1 (1995):41.
  • Ansdell Gary, How Music Helps in Music Therapy and Everyday Life. Burlington: Ashgate, 2014.
  • Asimov Muchamed S., History of Civilizations of Central Asia (vol.4,part-2). Ed. C.E. Bosworth, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 2003.
  • Bapat, P. V., 2500 Years of Buddhism. New Delhi: The Publications Division Ministry Of Information And Broadcasting Government of India, 1956.
  • Barksdale Alicia L., Music Therapy and Leisure for Persons with Disabilities. Illinois: Sagamore, 2003.
  • Baxter, Holly Tuesday- Berghofer, Julie Alis- MacEwan, Lesa-Nelson, Judy-Peters, Kasi-Roberts, Penny, The Individualized Music Therapy Assessment Profile, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2007.
  • Beck Guy, Sacred Sound: Experiencing Music in World Religions, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press 2006.
  • Begbie Jeremy S., Resounding Truth: Christian Wisdom in the World of Music. Ed. Robert Johnston, William Dyrness, Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007.
  • Benek Bedri Selim- Bayram, Recep-Şakar, Hakan- Gümüştekin, Kenan, “An Example For The Application Of Music Therapy in The Medical History: Divrigi Darüsşifa”, Acta Medica Anatolia. 3/2 (2015):64.
  • Benz Amanda R., “Therapeutic Effects of Music Therapy On Anxiety And Quality Of Life For Chronically ill Adults With Mental Illness”. Master of Science, Indiana Ball State University, 2010.
  • Bradt, Joke- Dileo, Cherly- Noah, Potvin, “Music For Stress And Anxiety Reduction in Coronary Heart Disease Patients”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 28/12 (2013):1.
  • Brien, S.E. “Musicogenic Epilepsy”. Can Med Assoc J, 131 (1984):1255.
  • Brusci Kenneth E., Definition Music Therapy, Barcelona Publishers 2014.
  • Bruscia Kenneth E., “A Working Definition”. Readings on Music Therapy Theory, Gilsum: Barcelona Publishers 2012.
  • Bruscia Kenneth E., Definition Music Therapy. Barcelona Publishers, 2014.
  • Burke Kerry, “Music Therapy In Working Through A Preschooler's Grief: Expressing Rage And Confusion”, Case Studies In Music Therapy. Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum:Barcelona Publishers 2006.
  • Burke Kerry, “Music Therapy in Working through a Preschooler’s Grief: Expressing Rage and Confusion”, Case Examples of Music Therapy in Bereavement, Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum: Barcelona Publishers 2012.
  • Callaghan, Clare C.- MacDermott, Fiona E.- Reid, Philippa-Michael, Natasha-Hudson, Peter L.-Zalcberg, John R.-Edwards, Jane A. “Music’s Relevance for People Affected by Cancer: A Meta-Ethnography and Implications for Music Therapists”, Journal of Music Therapy, 53/4 (2016):399.
  • Chawin Melanie, “Music as Communication”. Alzheimer's Care Quarierly. 3 (2002):145.
  • Ciğerci Yeliz v.dğr., “Tamamlayıcı Bakım ve Alternatif Tedavi Yöntemi Olan Müzik Terapiye İlişkin Sağlık Profesyonellerinin Görüşleri”, VII. Uluslararası Hisarlı Ahmet Sempozyumu, Sözel Bildiri 2016, 388.
  • Cook Erin Lane- Silverman Michael J., “Effects Of Music Therapy On Spirituality With Patients On A Medical Oncology/Hematology Unit: A Mixed-Methods Approach”. The Arts in Psychotherapy 40 (2013):239.
  • Cook Patricia Moffitt, “Sacred Music Therapy in North India”. The World Of Music 39/1(1997):61-83.
  • Cusic Don, The Sound of Light: A History of Gospel and Christian Music. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corporation 2002.
  • Davis, Kirsten- Downing, G. Michael- Walker, Jan, “Singing The Passage: Evaluating Volunteer Bedside Singing in A Palliative Care Unit”. Canadian journal of Music Therapy, 17/1 (2011):77.
  • Formasino, Rita- Vinicola V- Penta F- Matteis M- Brunelli S- Weckel JW. “Active Music Therapy İn The Rehabilitation Of Severe Brain Injured Patients During Coma Recovery”. Ann. Ist. Super. Sanità, 37/4 (2001):627.
  • Friedmann Jonathan L, Music in the Hebrew Bible: Understanding References in the Torah, Nevi'im and Ketuvim. London: McFarland 2013.
  • Friedmann Jonathan L., Music in Jewish Thought: Selected Writings, 1890–1920. London: McFarland 2010.
  • Gazali İmam, İhyau Ulumi’d- Din. 2.Cilt. Trc. Ahmed Serdaroğlu, İstanbul: Bedir Yayınevi 1975
  • Gilbertson Simon, “Music Therapy in Neurorehabilitation After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Literature Review”. Music Therapy and Neurological Rehabilitation Ed. David Aldridge, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2005.
  • Goodman Karen D., Music Therapy Education And Training, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher 2011.
  • Griessmeier Barbara, “How Wonderful That I’ve Been Born –Otherwise You Would Have Missed Me Very Much!”, Case Study Designs in Music Therapy. Ed. David Aldridge, Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2005.
  • Grocke, Denise- Bloch, S- Castle, D- Thompson, G- Newton, R- Stewart, S- Gold C., “Group Music Therapy For Severe Mental Illness: A Randomized Embedded-Experimental Mixed Methods Study”, Acta Psyclmtrica Scandinavica 130/2 (2014):144.
  • Hanser, Suzanne B., “Music Therapy in Cardiac Health Care”, Cardiology in Review. 22/1 (2014):37.
  • Hanser, Suzanne B., Integrative Health through Music Therapy. Massachusetts: Palgrave Macmillan 2016.
  • Herman Fran, “The Boy that Nobody Wanted: Creative Experiences For A Boy With Severe Emotional Problems”, Case Studies In Music Therapy. Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum:Barcelona Publishers 2006.
  • Hilliard Russell E., “The Effects Of Music Therapy On The Quality And Length Of Life Of People Diagnosed With Terminal Cancer”, J Music Ther, 40/2 (2003):113-137.
  • Horden Peregrine, Music as Medicine, New York: Routledge 2016.
  • Huyler Stephen P., “The Experience, Approaching God” The Life Of Hinduism, Ed. John Stratton Hawley, Vasudha Narayanan, Berkeley: University of California Press 2006.
  • Kim Borin- Drovak Abbey L., “Music Therapy And İntimacy Behaviors of Hospice Family Caregivers in South Korea: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial”. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 27/3 (2018):218.
  • Kirkland Kevin v.dğr. “Music Therapy and Spiritual Care for Persons with Dementia: A Mixed-Methods Study”, Canadian Journal o f Music Therapy, 20/1 (2014):31.Koffman Kelly, “Multidisciplinary Perspectives Of Music Therapy in Adult Palliative Care”. Palliative Medicine, 21 (2007):235.
  • Kowski Juliane, “The Sound Of Silence – The Use Of Analytical Music Therapy Techniques With A Nonverbal Client”, Analytical Music Therapy. Ed. Johannes Th. Eschen, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2002.
  • Krause Neal - Hayward, David R. “ Hayatın Son Döneminde Dini Müzik Ve Sağlık: Boylamsal Bir Araştırma”, Trc. Necmi Karslı, Bilimname, 29/2(2015):339-363
  • Krout Robert E., “Our Path to Peace: Songwriting-Based Brief Music Therapy with Bereaved Adolescents”Case Examples of Music Therapy in Bereavement, Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum: Barcelona Publishers 2012.
  • Krout Robert E., “The Effects Of Single-Session Music Therapy Interventions on The Observed And Selfreported Levels Of Pain Control, Physical Comfort, And Relaxation Of Hospice Patients”, American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 18/ 6(2001):383.
  • Lang Louise - Mcinerney Una, “Bosnia, A Music Therapy Service in a Post-war Environment”, Music, Music Therapy and Trauma. Ed. Julie P. Sutton, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2002.
  • Lee Jin Hyung, “The Effects of Music on Pain: A Meta-Analysis”, Journal of Music Therapy, 53/4(2016):430.
  • Lee Jungup - Thyer, Bruce A. “Does Music Therapy Improve Mental Health in Adults? A Review”, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23 (2013):591.
  • Llovet Aliza K., “Meta-analysis of Specific Music Therapy Measures and Their Implications for the Health Care System”, The Health Care Manager. 36/1(2017):60.
  • Loveszy, Rebecca “The Use Of Latin Music, Puppetry, And Visualization In Reducing The Physical And Emotional Pain Of A Child With Severe Burns”, Case Studies In Music Therapy. Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum:Barcelona Publishers 2006.
  • Magill Lucanne, “The Spiritual Meaning Of Pre-Loss Music Therapy To Bereaved Caregivers Of Advanced Cancer Patients” Palliative and Supportive Care. 7 (2009):97.
  • Mahn Wolfgang, “The Psychodynamic Function of Music in Analytical Music Therapy with Children”, Analytical Music Therapy, Ed. Johannes Th. Eschen, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2002.
  • Masko Meganne K., “Music Therapy and Spiritual Care in End-of-Life: A Qualitative Inquiry into Ethics and Training Issues Identified by Chaplains and Music Therapists”, J Music Ther. 53/4(2016):309.
  • Mcclean Stuart- Daykin Norma, “The Healing and Spiritual Properties of Music Therapy at a Cancer Care Center”. Journal Of Alternative And Complementary Medicine, 18/4 (2012):1.
  • McConnell Tracey- Porter Sam, “Music Therapy For Palliative Care: A Realist Review”. Palliative And Supportive Care, 15 (2016):454.
  • Moore Jane L. Barrow, “The Effects of Music Therapy on the Social Behavior of Children with Autism”, Music Therapy And Autism, Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Master of Arts in Education College of Education California State University 2007
  • Neudorfer Anita, “Spirituality And Music Therapy: An Action Research Project In Clinical Music Therapy Within The Context Of An Anthropological Theory Of Spirituality”. Approaches: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Music Therapy online, (2016):1.
  • Oldfield Amelia, “Preverbal Communication Through Music To Overcome A Child's Language Disorder”, Case Studies In Music Therapy, Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum:Barcelona Publishers 2006.
  • Padam Anita- Sharma, Neetu– Sastri, O. S. K. S– Mahajan, Shivani- Sharma, Rajesh - Sharma, Deepak , “Effect of Listening to Vedic Chants and Indian Classical Instrumental Music on Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A randomized control trial”. Indian J Psychiatry, 59(2017):214.
  • Pawuk Laura G.- Schumacher John E., “Introducing Music Therapy in Hospice and Palliative Care”, Home Healthcare Nurse, 28/1(2010):40.
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  • Robbins Carol - Robbins Clive,“Self-Communications In Creative Music Therapy”. Case Studies In Music Therapy. Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum:Barcelona Publishers 2006.
  • Rolvsjord Randi, “Collaborations on Songwriting with Clients with Mental Health Problems”. Songwriting Methods, Techniques and Clinical Applications for Music Therapy Clinicians, Educators and Students, Ed. Felicity Baker and TonyWigram, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2005.
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Manevi Bakımı Destekleyici Bir Uygulama: Müzik Terapi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 35, 259 - 286, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.14395/hititilahiyat.506665

Öz

İnsanoğlunun duygu, düşünce ve davranışlarını mucizevi bir şekilde etkileme gücüne sahip olan müzik, eski çağlardan günümüze kadar farklı coğrafya ve kültürlerde tedavi amacıyla kullanılagelmiştir. Müzik terapi ve manevi bakım hedef kitlesi ve amaçları açısından benzer özelliklere sahiptir. Bu nedenle ciddi sağlık sorunlarına sahip bireylerin maddi ve manevi tedavilerinde benzer amaçlara sahip bu uygulamaların birlikte kullanılması bütüncül bir tedaviye olanak sağlaması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Müzik terapi manevi bakım hizmetlerinde yaşlı ve hastaların, rahatlatılması, teskin ve tedavi edilmesinde çok önemli destekleyici bir uygulama olmakla birlikte, ülkemizde müzik terapinin yeterli seviyede uygulandığını söylemek mümkün değildir. Bu araştırmada müzik olgusunun tarihsel arka planı, ilahi ve dünyevi dinlerin müziğe yönelik yaklaşımları, seküler veya dini müziğin dünyadaki sağlık hizmetleri ve manevi bakım faaliyetlerindeki kullanımı ve psikolojik/bedensel sağlığa olan etkileri ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada çeşitli bedensel ve psikolojik hastalıkların tedavisinde olumlu katkılar sağladığı tespit edilmiş olan müziğin ülkemizde yeni yeni gelişmekte olan manevi bakım hizmetlerinde kullanımının önemine dair farkındalığın oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Hujwiri Ali bin Usman, Kashf Al-Mahjub, Lahore: Zia-ul-Quran Publications 2001.
  • Alridge David, “Music Therapy and the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease”. Clinical Gerontologist. 16/1 (1995):41.
  • Ansdell Gary, How Music Helps in Music Therapy and Everyday Life. Burlington: Ashgate, 2014.
  • Asimov Muchamed S., History of Civilizations of Central Asia (vol.4,part-2). Ed. C.E. Bosworth, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 2003.
  • Bapat, P. V., 2500 Years of Buddhism. New Delhi: The Publications Division Ministry Of Information And Broadcasting Government of India, 1956.
  • Barksdale Alicia L., Music Therapy and Leisure for Persons with Disabilities. Illinois: Sagamore, 2003.
  • Baxter, Holly Tuesday- Berghofer, Julie Alis- MacEwan, Lesa-Nelson, Judy-Peters, Kasi-Roberts, Penny, The Individualized Music Therapy Assessment Profile, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2007.
  • Beck Guy, Sacred Sound: Experiencing Music in World Religions, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press 2006.
  • Begbie Jeremy S., Resounding Truth: Christian Wisdom in the World of Music. Ed. Robert Johnston, William Dyrness, Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007.
  • Benek Bedri Selim- Bayram, Recep-Şakar, Hakan- Gümüştekin, Kenan, “An Example For The Application Of Music Therapy in The Medical History: Divrigi Darüsşifa”, Acta Medica Anatolia. 3/2 (2015):64.
  • Benz Amanda R., “Therapeutic Effects of Music Therapy On Anxiety And Quality Of Life For Chronically ill Adults With Mental Illness”. Master of Science, Indiana Ball State University, 2010.
  • Bradt, Joke- Dileo, Cherly- Noah, Potvin, “Music For Stress And Anxiety Reduction in Coronary Heart Disease Patients”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 28/12 (2013):1.
  • Brien, S.E. “Musicogenic Epilepsy”. Can Med Assoc J, 131 (1984):1255.
  • Brusci Kenneth E., Definition Music Therapy, Barcelona Publishers 2014.
  • Bruscia Kenneth E., “A Working Definition”. Readings on Music Therapy Theory, Gilsum: Barcelona Publishers 2012.
  • Bruscia Kenneth E., Definition Music Therapy. Barcelona Publishers, 2014.
  • Burke Kerry, “Music Therapy In Working Through A Preschooler's Grief: Expressing Rage And Confusion”, Case Studies In Music Therapy. Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum:Barcelona Publishers 2006.
  • Burke Kerry, “Music Therapy in Working through a Preschooler’s Grief: Expressing Rage and Confusion”, Case Examples of Music Therapy in Bereavement, Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum: Barcelona Publishers 2012.
  • Callaghan, Clare C.- MacDermott, Fiona E.- Reid, Philippa-Michael, Natasha-Hudson, Peter L.-Zalcberg, John R.-Edwards, Jane A. “Music’s Relevance for People Affected by Cancer: A Meta-Ethnography and Implications for Music Therapists”, Journal of Music Therapy, 53/4 (2016):399.
  • Chawin Melanie, “Music as Communication”. Alzheimer's Care Quarierly. 3 (2002):145.
  • Ciğerci Yeliz v.dğr., “Tamamlayıcı Bakım ve Alternatif Tedavi Yöntemi Olan Müzik Terapiye İlişkin Sağlık Profesyonellerinin Görüşleri”, VII. Uluslararası Hisarlı Ahmet Sempozyumu, Sözel Bildiri 2016, 388.
  • Cook Erin Lane- Silverman Michael J., “Effects Of Music Therapy On Spirituality With Patients On A Medical Oncology/Hematology Unit: A Mixed-Methods Approach”. The Arts in Psychotherapy 40 (2013):239.
  • Cook Patricia Moffitt, “Sacred Music Therapy in North India”. The World Of Music 39/1(1997):61-83.
  • Cusic Don, The Sound of Light: A History of Gospel and Christian Music. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corporation 2002.
  • Davis, Kirsten- Downing, G. Michael- Walker, Jan, “Singing The Passage: Evaluating Volunteer Bedside Singing in A Palliative Care Unit”. Canadian journal of Music Therapy, 17/1 (2011):77.
  • Formasino, Rita- Vinicola V- Penta F- Matteis M- Brunelli S- Weckel JW. “Active Music Therapy İn The Rehabilitation Of Severe Brain Injured Patients During Coma Recovery”. Ann. Ist. Super. Sanità, 37/4 (2001):627.
  • Friedmann Jonathan L, Music in the Hebrew Bible: Understanding References in the Torah, Nevi'im and Ketuvim. London: McFarland 2013.
  • Friedmann Jonathan L., Music in Jewish Thought: Selected Writings, 1890–1920. London: McFarland 2010.
  • Gazali İmam, İhyau Ulumi’d- Din. 2.Cilt. Trc. Ahmed Serdaroğlu, İstanbul: Bedir Yayınevi 1975
  • Gilbertson Simon, “Music Therapy in Neurorehabilitation After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Literature Review”. Music Therapy and Neurological Rehabilitation Ed. David Aldridge, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2005.
  • Goodman Karen D., Music Therapy Education And Training, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher 2011.
  • Griessmeier Barbara, “How Wonderful That I’ve Been Born –Otherwise You Would Have Missed Me Very Much!”, Case Study Designs in Music Therapy. Ed. David Aldridge, Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2005.
  • Grocke, Denise- Bloch, S- Castle, D- Thompson, G- Newton, R- Stewart, S- Gold C., “Group Music Therapy For Severe Mental Illness: A Randomized Embedded-Experimental Mixed Methods Study”, Acta Psyclmtrica Scandinavica 130/2 (2014):144.
  • Hanser, Suzanne B., “Music Therapy in Cardiac Health Care”, Cardiology in Review. 22/1 (2014):37.
  • Hanser, Suzanne B., Integrative Health through Music Therapy. Massachusetts: Palgrave Macmillan 2016.
  • Herman Fran, “The Boy that Nobody Wanted: Creative Experiences For A Boy With Severe Emotional Problems”, Case Studies In Music Therapy. Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum:Barcelona Publishers 2006.
  • Hilliard Russell E., “The Effects Of Music Therapy On The Quality And Length Of Life Of People Diagnosed With Terminal Cancer”, J Music Ther, 40/2 (2003):113-137.
  • Horden Peregrine, Music as Medicine, New York: Routledge 2016.
  • Huyler Stephen P., “The Experience, Approaching God” The Life Of Hinduism, Ed. John Stratton Hawley, Vasudha Narayanan, Berkeley: University of California Press 2006.
  • Kim Borin- Drovak Abbey L., “Music Therapy And İntimacy Behaviors of Hospice Family Caregivers in South Korea: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial”. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 27/3 (2018):218.
  • Kirkland Kevin v.dğr. “Music Therapy and Spiritual Care for Persons with Dementia: A Mixed-Methods Study”, Canadian Journal o f Music Therapy, 20/1 (2014):31.Koffman Kelly, “Multidisciplinary Perspectives Of Music Therapy in Adult Palliative Care”. Palliative Medicine, 21 (2007):235.
  • Kowski Juliane, “The Sound Of Silence – The Use Of Analytical Music Therapy Techniques With A Nonverbal Client”, Analytical Music Therapy. Ed. Johannes Th. Eschen, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2002.
  • Krause Neal - Hayward, David R. “ Hayatın Son Döneminde Dini Müzik Ve Sağlık: Boylamsal Bir Araştırma”, Trc. Necmi Karslı, Bilimname, 29/2(2015):339-363
  • Krout Robert E., “Our Path to Peace: Songwriting-Based Brief Music Therapy with Bereaved Adolescents”Case Examples of Music Therapy in Bereavement, Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum: Barcelona Publishers 2012.
  • Krout Robert E., “The Effects Of Single-Session Music Therapy Interventions on The Observed And Selfreported Levels Of Pain Control, Physical Comfort, And Relaxation Of Hospice Patients”, American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 18/ 6(2001):383.
  • Lang Louise - Mcinerney Una, “Bosnia, A Music Therapy Service in a Post-war Environment”, Music, Music Therapy and Trauma. Ed. Julie P. Sutton, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2002.
  • Lee Jin Hyung, “The Effects of Music on Pain: A Meta-Analysis”, Journal of Music Therapy, 53/4(2016):430.
  • Lee Jungup - Thyer, Bruce A. “Does Music Therapy Improve Mental Health in Adults? A Review”, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23 (2013):591.
  • Llovet Aliza K., “Meta-analysis of Specific Music Therapy Measures and Their Implications for the Health Care System”, The Health Care Manager. 36/1(2017):60.
  • Loveszy, Rebecca “The Use Of Latin Music, Puppetry, And Visualization In Reducing The Physical And Emotional Pain Of A Child With Severe Burns”, Case Studies In Music Therapy. Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum:Barcelona Publishers 2006.
  • Magill Lucanne, “The Spiritual Meaning Of Pre-Loss Music Therapy To Bereaved Caregivers Of Advanced Cancer Patients” Palliative and Supportive Care. 7 (2009):97.
  • Mahn Wolfgang, “The Psychodynamic Function of Music in Analytical Music Therapy with Children”, Analytical Music Therapy, Ed. Johannes Th. Eschen, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2002.
  • Masko Meganne K., “Music Therapy and Spiritual Care in End-of-Life: A Qualitative Inquiry into Ethics and Training Issues Identified by Chaplains and Music Therapists”, J Music Ther. 53/4(2016):309.
  • Mcclean Stuart- Daykin Norma, “The Healing and Spiritual Properties of Music Therapy at a Cancer Care Center”. Journal Of Alternative And Complementary Medicine, 18/4 (2012):1.
  • McConnell Tracey- Porter Sam, “Music Therapy For Palliative Care: A Realist Review”. Palliative And Supportive Care, 15 (2016):454.
  • Moore Jane L. Barrow, “The Effects of Music Therapy on the Social Behavior of Children with Autism”, Music Therapy And Autism, Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Master of Arts in Education College of Education California State University 2007
  • Neudorfer Anita, “Spirituality And Music Therapy: An Action Research Project In Clinical Music Therapy Within The Context Of An Anthropological Theory Of Spirituality”. Approaches: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Music Therapy online, (2016):1.
  • Oldfield Amelia, “Preverbal Communication Through Music To Overcome A Child's Language Disorder”, Case Studies In Music Therapy, Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum:Barcelona Publishers 2006.
  • Padam Anita- Sharma, Neetu– Sastri, O. S. K. S– Mahajan, Shivani- Sharma, Rajesh - Sharma, Deepak , “Effect of Listening to Vedic Chants and Indian Classical Instrumental Music on Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A randomized control trial”. Indian J Psychiatry, 59(2017):214.
  • Pawuk Laura G.- Schumacher John E., “Introducing Music Therapy in Hospice and Palliative Care”, Home Healthcare Nurse, 28/1(2010):40.
  • Qureshi Regula, “Islam and Music”, Sacred Sound: Experiencing Music in World Religions. Ed. Guy L.Beck, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press 2006
  • Renz Moinka v.dğr., “Spirituality, Psychotherapy And Music İn Palliative Cancer Care: Research Projects in Psycho-Oncology at an Oncology Center in Switzerland”. Support Care Cancer. 13(2005):963.
  • Robbins Carol - Robbins Clive,“Self-Communications In Creative Music Therapy”. Case Studies In Music Therapy. Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum:Barcelona Publishers 2006.
  • Rolvsjord Randi, “Collaborations on Songwriting with Clients with Mental Health Problems”. Songwriting Methods, Techniques and Clinical Applications for Music Therapy Clinicians, Educators and Students, Ed. Felicity Baker and TonyWigram, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2005.
  • Salas Jo- Gonzales David, “Like Singing With A Bird: Improvisational Music Therapy With A Blind Four-Year-Old”, Case Studies In Music Therapy. Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum:Barcelona Publishers 2006.
  • Schmid Wolfgang, “‘Swing in My Brain’: Active Music Therapy for People with Multiple Sclerosis”, Music Therapy and Neurological Rehabilitation, Ed. David Alridge, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2005.
  • Seyyar Ali, “Bakıma Muhtaç Özürlülere Dönük Manevi Bakım Uygulamaları” 1. Din Hizmetleri Sempozyumu (3-4 Kasım 2007), 2 Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları 2008.
  • Shiloah Amon, “Jewish and Müslim Traditions of Music Therapy”. Music as Medicine. (ed. Pregerine Horden). New York: Routledge 2016.
  • Shoemartk Helen, “The Use Of Piano Improvisation In Developing Interaction And Participation In A Blind Boy With Behavioral Disturbances”, Case Studies In Music Therapy. Ed. Kenneth E. Bruscia, Gilsum:Barcelona Publishers 2006.
  • Silverman Michael J., Music Therapy in Mental Health For Illness Management And Recovery, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2015.
  • Smith Rachel - Patey Helen M., Music Therapy, London: Sage Publications 2004.
  • Stige, Brynjulf- Ansdell, Gary-Elefant, Cochavit- Pavlicevic, Mercedes, Where Music Helps: Community Music Therapy in Action and Reflection. Surrey: Ashgate 2009.
  • Tanabe George J., Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Vol. 1. Ed. Robert E. Buswell, New York: Mac Millan 2003.
  • Thompson Anne H. - Grocke Denise, “The Effect Of Music Therapyon Anxiety In Patients Who Are Terminally Ill”, Journal of Palliative Medicine, 11/4(2008):582.
  • Tsiris Giorgos, “Performing Spirituality in Music Therapy: Towards Action, Context And The Everyday” Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Goldsmiths, University of London United Kingdom 2018
  • West Martin, “Music Therapy in Antiquity” Music as Medicine. Ed. Pregerine Horden, New York: Routledge 2016.
  • Wigram, Tony- Pedersen, Inge Nygaard- Bonde, Lars Ole, A Comprehensive Guide to Music Therapy, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2002.
  • Wlodarczyk Natalie, “The Effect of Music Therapy On The Spirituality Of Persons İn An İn-Patient Hospice Unit As Measured By Self-Report”, Unpublished master’s thesis, Florida State University 2003
  • Yinger Olivia Swedberg, Music Therapy: Research and Evidence-Based Practice, Missouri: Elsevier 2017.
  • Zimmermann Lani, v.dğr. “Effects Of Music in Patients Who Had Chronic Cancer Pain”,Western Journal of Nursing Research 11/3(1989):298–309.
  • The Harmful Effects of Music on Body and Mind. https://theunboundedspirit.com 19.08.2018
Toplam 81 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Necmi Karslı 0000-0002-2975-9307

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 35

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Karslı, Necmi. “Manevi Bakımı Destekleyici Bir Uygulama: Müzik Terapi”. Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 18/35 (Haziran 2019), 259-286. https://doi.org/10.14395/hititilahiyat.506665.
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