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Yenidoğan kliniğinde indirekt hiperbilirubinjik özellikleri ve etyolojilerinin değerlendirilmesiemi nedeniyle izlenen hastaların epidemiyolojisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 42 - 48, 23.06.2020

Öz

Amaç: Yenidoğan yoğun bakım servisinde
indirekt hiperbilirubinemi  nedeni ile
izlenen hastaların klinik özellikleri, etyolojileri ve tedavi şekillerinin
belirlenmesi amaçlandı.



Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya; 2006-2008 yılları
arasında Dr Sami Ulus Kadın Doğum, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma
Hastanesi Yenidoğan-Prematüre Servisi’ne indirekt hiperbilirubinemi tanısıyla
izlenen 1220 hasta alındı. Başka nedenlerle izlenen, takipleri sırasında
sarılık gelişen hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. Hasta dosyaları retrospektif
olarak incelendi. Hasta dosyalarından gestasyon yaşı, cinsiyet, doğum şekli,
anne yaşı, annenin gebelikte varsa kullandığı ilaç, akrabalık, sarılık başlama
saati, beslenme şekli, başvuru yakınması, sarılık dışında ek fizik muayene
bulgusu, anne- bebek kan grubu, direkt Coombs, periferik yayma, idrar-kan
kültürü, uygulanan tedavi, varsa tedavi komplikasyonu, radyolojik görüntüleme
bilgilerine ulaşıldı.



Bulgular: Term ve preterm 732’si erkek
(%60), 488’si (%40) kız (E/K:1,5) toplam 1220 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Hastaların
ortalama gestasyon yaşı; 37,53±2,18 (aralık 31-42) hafta idi. 876’sı (%71,8)  normal vajinal yolla, 344’ü (%28,2) sezaryanla
doğmuştu. Anne yaşının ortalaması 25,8±5,17 yıldı (aralık 17-44). Akrabalık %20
(n:244) hastada saptandı. Sarılık, bebeklerin
%9,2’sinde ilk 24 saatte saptanırken, %90,8’inde ilk 24 saatten sonra saptandı.
Etyolojide en sık kan grubu uygunsuzluğu (n:392) ve prematüre doğum (n:356)
görüldü. Uzamış sarılık nedeniyle tetkik edilen 54 hastanın 42’si geç anne sütü
sarılığı tanısı aldı. %28 hastanın sarılık nedeni tespit edilemedi. 568 hastaya
fototerapi,  414 hastaya yoğun fototerapi
uygulandı. 54 hastaya intravenöz immünglobin  verilirken. 164 hastaya kan değişimi, 12
hastaya kan değişimi ve immünglobin uygulandı.



Sonuç: İHB’nin en sık sebebi kan grubu
uygunsuzluğu ve erken doğumdur. Nedeni açıklanamayan yenidoğan sarılıkları da
önemli bir yer kaplamaktadır. Bebeğin taburcu olmadan önceki muayenesi ve
ailelerin sarılık ve emzirme konusunda bilgilendirilmesi sarılık
komplikasyonlarını önlemede önemlidir.

Kaynakça

  • 1- Madam A, MacMahon JR, Stevenson DK. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. In: Taeusch HW, Ballard RA, Gleason CA, ed. Avery’s diseases of newborn. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2005;122-1229.
  • 2- Coban A, Turkmen M, Gursoy T. Turkish neonatal society guideline to the approach, follow-up, and treatment of neonatal jaundice. Turk Pediatri Ars 2018;53:172-179. https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkPediatriArs.2018.01816
  • 3- Stoll BJ, Kliegman RM. Jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, ed. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 21th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2019;592-596.
  • 4- Neyzi O, Ertuğrul T. Pediatri. Cilt1, Nobel Tıp Kitabevi 2002;402-420.
  • 5- Hansen TW. Guidelines for treatment of neonatal jaundice. is there a place forevidence-based medicine. Acta Pediatr 2001;90:292-295.
  • 6- American academy of pediatrics, provisional committee for quality improvementand subcommittee on hyperbilirubinemia: Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 2004;114:297-316. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.1.297
  • 7- Newman TB, Escobar GJ, Gonzales VM, Armstrong MA, Gardner MN, Folck BF. Frequency of neonatal bilirubin testing and hyperbilirubinemia in large health maintenance organization. Pediatrics 1999;104:1198-1203.
  • 8- Chou SC, Palmer RH, Ezhuthachan S, et al. Management of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns: Measuring performance by using a benchmarking model. Pediatrics 2003;112:1264-1273. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.6.1264
  • 9- Johnson CA, Liese BS, Hassanein RE. Factors predictive of heightened third-day bilirubin levels: A multiple stepwise regression analysis. Fam Med 1989;21:283-287.
  • 10- Macmillian JA, De Angelis CD, Feigin RD. Oski’s pediatrics In: Cashore JW. Jaundice. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott. 2000;197-206.
  • 11- Ding G, Zhang S, Yao DQ, et al. An epidemiological survey on neonatal jaundice in China. Chin Med J 2001;114:344-7.
  • 12- Ünal S, Eker S. İndirekt hiperbilirubinemili yenidoğanların geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmesi. J Pediatr 2008;17:223-229.
  • 13- Ozturk HS. Hiperbilirubinemi ile takip edilen bebeklerin değerlendirilmesi. OJTHS 2019;4:283-300.
  • 14- Oral E, Gezer A, Cagdas A, Pakkal N. Oxytosininfusion in labor: the effect different indications and the use of different diluents on neonatal bilirubin levels. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2003;267:117-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-002-0298-3
  • 15- Ulanovsky I, Smolkin T, Almashanu S. Hyperthyroxinemia at birth: A cause of idiopathic neonatal hyperbilirubinemia?. World J Pediatr 2018;14:247-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-017-0113-7
  • 16- Ebbesen F, AnderssonC,Verder H. Extreme hyperbilirubinemia in term and near term infants in Denmark. Acta Pediatrica 2005;95:59-64. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01789.x
  • 17- Wong RJ, Desandre GH, Sibley E, Stevenson DK. Neonatal jaundice and liver diseases. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, ed. Neonatal-perinatal medicine. diseases of the fetus and infant. 8th ed. Philadelphia: MosbyElsevier, 2006;1419-65.
  • 18- Jon F Watchko. Bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity in the preterm neonate. ClinPerinatol 2016;43:297-311. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.clp.2016.01.007
  • 19- Niestijl AL, Sauer PJ. Breastfeeding during the first few days after birth: Sometimes insufficient. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2004;148:504–505.
  • 20- Bertini G, Dani C, Pezzati M, Rubaltelli FF. Prevention of bilirubin encephalopathy. Biol Neonate 2001;79:219–223. https://doi.org/10.1159/000047095
  • 21- Salas AA, Salazar J, Burgoa CV, De-Villegas CA, Quevedo V, Soliz A. Significant weight loss in breastfed term infants readmitted for hyperbilirubinemia. BMC Pediatr 2009;9:82-85. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-9-82
  • 22- Okan F, Köymen G, Cevahir E, Nuhoğlu A. Hyperbilirubinemia risk factors and frequency of healthy term infants. J Pediatr 2006;15:144–50.
  • 23- Çayönü N, Bülbül A, Uslu S, Bolat F, Güran Ö, Nuhoğlu A. Indirect hyperbilirubinemia changes of newborn babies in the last decade. Sisli Etfal Hastan Tıp Bul 2011;45:85–93.
  • 24- Yorulmaz A, Yücel M, Sert S, Özdem S. Investigation of risk factors and clinical and laboratory characteristics of infants hospitalized in neonatal unit due to jaundice. J Contemp Med 2018;8:7-13.
  • 25- Tuygun N, Tıraş Ü, Şıklar Z, Tanyar G. Yenidoğan uzamış sarılığının etyolojik yönden değerlendirilmesi ve anne sütü sarılığı. Turk Pediatri Ars 2002;37:138-143.
  • 26- Maisels MJ, Kring E. Risk of sepsis in newborns with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatrics 1992;90:741-743.
  • 27- Büyükokuyan ME, Süleyman H. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. J Med Sci 2001;21:415-419.
  • 28- Tiker F, Gulcan H, Kılıcdag H. Extreme hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants. Clinical Pediatrics 2006;45:257-261.
  • 29- Shapiro SM. Kernicterus. In: Stevenson DK, Maisels MJ, Watchko JF. ed. Care of the jaundiced neonate. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2012;229–242.
  • 30- Maisels MJ, Bhutani VK, Bogen D Newman TB, Stark AR, Watchko JF. Hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant ≥35 weeks gestation: An update with clarification. Pediatrics 2009;124: 1193-1198. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0329

Evaluation of the Epidemiological Characteristics and Etiology of Patients Following in Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Clinic

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 42 - 48, 23.06.2020

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study was to
determine the clinical features, etiology and treatment modalities of patients
followed up in neonatal intensive care unit for indirect hyperbilirubinemia.

Material and Method: A total of 1220 patients
admitted to the Neonatology and Premature Clinic of Dr Sami Ulus
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Health and Disease
Training and Research Hospital with the diagnosis of indirect
hyperbilirubinemia were included. Patients who were followed up for other
reasons were not included in the study. Patient files were reviewed
retrospectively.

Results: A total of 1220 patients,  60% boy and 40% girl were included in the
study. Mean gestational age of the patients; 37.53±2.18 weeks. 876 of them were
born by normal vaginal route, 344 of them were born by cesarean section. The
mean age of the mother was 25.8±5.17. Consanguinity was detected in 20% of
patients. Jaundice was detected in the first 24 hours in 112 (9.2%) of the
babies, and after 24 hours in 1108 (90.8%). The most common etiology of indirect
hyperbilirubinemia was blood group incompatibility (n: 392) and prematurity (n:
356). Of 54 patients who were examined for prolonged jaundice, 42 were
diagnosed with late breast milk jaundice. The cause of jaundice was not
detected in 28% patients. Phototherapy was applied to 982 patients. Fifty-four
patients received intravenous immunoglobulin. Blood exchange was performed in
164 patients.







Conclusion: The common cause of indirect
hyperbilirubinemia is blood group incompatibility and prematurity. Jaundice
with unexplained reasons also attract attention. It is very important that the
baby is examined before discharge and families are informed about jaundice and
breastfeeding.

Kaynakça

  • 1- Madam A, MacMahon JR, Stevenson DK. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. In: Taeusch HW, Ballard RA, Gleason CA, ed. Avery’s diseases of newborn. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2005;122-1229.
  • 2- Coban A, Turkmen M, Gursoy T. Turkish neonatal society guideline to the approach, follow-up, and treatment of neonatal jaundice. Turk Pediatri Ars 2018;53:172-179. https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkPediatriArs.2018.01816
  • 3- Stoll BJ, Kliegman RM. Jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, ed. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 21th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2019;592-596.
  • 4- Neyzi O, Ertuğrul T. Pediatri. Cilt1, Nobel Tıp Kitabevi 2002;402-420.
  • 5- Hansen TW. Guidelines for treatment of neonatal jaundice. is there a place forevidence-based medicine. Acta Pediatr 2001;90:292-295.
  • 6- American academy of pediatrics, provisional committee for quality improvementand subcommittee on hyperbilirubinemia: Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 2004;114:297-316. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.1.297
  • 7- Newman TB, Escobar GJ, Gonzales VM, Armstrong MA, Gardner MN, Folck BF. Frequency of neonatal bilirubin testing and hyperbilirubinemia in large health maintenance organization. Pediatrics 1999;104:1198-1203.
  • 8- Chou SC, Palmer RH, Ezhuthachan S, et al. Management of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns: Measuring performance by using a benchmarking model. Pediatrics 2003;112:1264-1273. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.6.1264
  • 9- Johnson CA, Liese BS, Hassanein RE. Factors predictive of heightened third-day bilirubin levels: A multiple stepwise regression analysis. Fam Med 1989;21:283-287.
  • 10- Macmillian JA, De Angelis CD, Feigin RD. Oski’s pediatrics In: Cashore JW. Jaundice. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott. 2000;197-206.
  • 11- Ding G, Zhang S, Yao DQ, et al. An epidemiological survey on neonatal jaundice in China. Chin Med J 2001;114:344-7.
  • 12- Ünal S, Eker S. İndirekt hiperbilirubinemili yenidoğanların geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmesi. J Pediatr 2008;17:223-229.
  • 13- Ozturk HS. Hiperbilirubinemi ile takip edilen bebeklerin değerlendirilmesi. OJTHS 2019;4:283-300.
  • 14- Oral E, Gezer A, Cagdas A, Pakkal N. Oxytosininfusion in labor: the effect different indications and the use of different diluents on neonatal bilirubin levels. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2003;267:117-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-002-0298-3
  • 15- Ulanovsky I, Smolkin T, Almashanu S. Hyperthyroxinemia at birth: A cause of idiopathic neonatal hyperbilirubinemia?. World J Pediatr 2018;14:247-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-017-0113-7
  • 16- Ebbesen F, AnderssonC,Verder H. Extreme hyperbilirubinemia in term and near term infants in Denmark. Acta Pediatrica 2005;95:59-64. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01789.x
  • 17- Wong RJ, Desandre GH, Sibley E, Stevenson DK. Neonatal jaundice and liver diseases. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, ed. Neonatal-perinatal medicine. diseases of the fetus and infant. 8th ed. Philadelphia: MosbyElsevier, 2006;1419-65.
  • 18- Jon F Watchko. Bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity in the preterm neonate. ClinPerinatol 2016;43:297-311. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.clp.2016.01.007
  • 19- Niestijl AL, Sauer PJ. Breastfeeding during the first few days after birth: Sometimes insufficient. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2004;148:504–505.
  • 20- Bertini G, Dani C, Pezzati M, Rubaltelli FF. Prevention of bilirubin encephalopathy. Biol Neonate 2001;79:219–223. https://doi.org/10.1159/000047095
  • 21- Salas AA, Salazar J, Burgoa CV, De-Villegas CA, Quevedo V, Soliz A. Significant weight loss in breastfed term infants readmitted for hyperbilirubinemia. BMC Pediatr 2009;9:82-85. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-9-82
  • 22- Okan F, Köymen G, Cevahir E, Nuhoğlu A. Hyperbilirubinemia risk factors and frequency of healthy term infants. J Pediatr 2006;15:144–50.
  • 23- Çayönü N, Bülbül A, Uslu S, Bolat F, Güran Ö, Nuhoğlu A. Indirect hyperbilirubinemia changes of newborn babies in the last decade. Sisli Etfal Hastan Tıp Bul 2011;45:85–93.
  • 24- Yorulmaz A, Yücel M, Sert S, Özdem S. Investigation of risk factors and clinical and laboratory characteristics of infants hospitalized in neonatal unit due to jaundice. J Contemp Med 2018;8:7-13.
  • 25- Tuygun N, Tıraş Ü, Şıklar Z, Tanyar G. Yenidoğan uzamış sarılığının etyolojik yönden değerlendirilmesi ve anne sütü sarılığı. Turk Pediatri Ars 2002;37:138-143.
  • 26- Maisels MJ, Kring E. Risk of sepsis in newborns with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatrics 1992;90:741-743.
  • 27- Büyükokuyan ME, Süleyman H. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. J Med Sci 2001;21:415-419.
  • 28- Tiker F, Gulcan H, Kılıcdag H. Extreme hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants. Clinical Pediatrics 2006;45:257-261.
  • 29- Shapiro SM. Kernicterus. In: Stevenson DK, Maisels MJ, Watchko JF. ed. Care of the jaundiced neonate. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2012;229–242.
  • 30- Maisels MJ, Bhutani VK, Bogen D Newman TB, Stark AR, Watchko JF. Hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant ≥35 weeks gestation: An update with clarification. Pediatrics 2009;124: 1193-1198. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0329
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Elif Sagsak 0000-0001-7121-1575

Ayşegül Zenciroğlu 0000-0002-3488-4962

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi 18 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Sagsak E, Zenciroğlu A. Yenidoğan kliniğinde indirekt hiperbilirubinjik özellikleri ve etyolojilerinin değerlendirilmesiemi nedeniyle izlenen hastaların epidemiyolojisi. Hitit Medical Journal. Haziran 2020;2(2):42-48.