Atherogenic index of plasma as a Novel Biomarker to Predict Retinal Vein Occlusion

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 79 - 84, 26.02.2024

Ayşenur Çelik Sabite Emine Gokce

https://doi.org/10.52827/hititmedj.1342065

Öz

Objective: Atherogenic index of plasma is a relatively new index used to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the general population. Our aim was to investigate association between the development of retinal vein occlusion and atherogenic index of plasma.
Material and Method: A total of 24 patients with retinal vein occlusion and 24 age-sex matched healthy individuals were included in this retrospective study. The demographic characteristics and laboratory findings of the patients and control subjects were obtained from the electronic medical records. Atherogenic index of plasma was calculated as the logarithmical ratio of molar concentrations of triglycerides to high density lipoprotein cholesterol as. The association among atherogenic index of plasma, lipid metabolism parameters, and retinal vein occlusion was analyzed.
Results: The median age was 69.5 (range, 48-86) in the patient group and 71.5 (range, 50-84) in the control group (p=812). Although there were no significant differences in terms of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between two groups (P=0.458, 0.88), atherogenic index of plasma was significantly higher in the patient group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Elevated atherogenic index of plasma values might aid clinicians raise suspicion against a possible retinal vein occlusion attack and take precautions accordingly to prevent complications related to retinal vein occlusion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Atherogenic index of plasma, lipid profile, retinal vein occlusion.

Retinal Ven Tıkanıklığı Risk Belirteci Olarak Aterojenik Plazma İndeksi

Öz

Abstract
Objective: Atherogenic index of plasma is a relatively new index used to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the general population. Our aim was to investigate association between the development of retinal vein occlusion and atherogenic index of plasma.
Material and Method: A total of 24 patients with retinal vein occlusion and 24 age-sex matched healthy individuals were included in this retrospective study. The demographic characteristics and laboratory findings of the patients and control subjects were obtained from the electronic medical records. Atherogenic index of plasma was calculated as the logarithmical ratio of molar concentrations of triglycerides to high density lipoprotein cholesterol as. The association among atherogenic index of plasma, lipid metabolism parameters, and retinal vein occlusion was analyzed.
Results: The median age was 69.5 (range, 48-86 ) in the patient group and 71.5 (range, 50-84) in the control group (p=812). Although there were no significant differences in terms of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between two groups (P=0.458, 0.88), atherogenic index of plasma was significantly higher in the patient group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Elevated atherogenic index of plasma values might aid clinicians raise suspicion against a possible retinal vein occlusion attack and take precautions accordingly to prevent complications related to retinal vein occlusion.

Özet
Amaç: Aterojenik plazma indeksi kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini tahmin etmek için kullanılan yeni bir indekstir. Amacımız retinal ven tıkanıklığı ile aterojenik plazma indeksi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Retinal ven tıkanıklığı olan 24 hasta ve bu hastalarla yaş-cinsiyet ile uyumlu 24 sağlıklı birey retrosepktif olarak incelendi. Hasta ve kontrol grubunun demografik özellikleri ve laboratuvar bulguları hastane veri tabanından elde edildi. Aterojenik plazma indeksi trigliseritin molar konsantrasyonunun yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterolüne logaritmik oranı olarak hesaplandı. Aterojenik plazma indeksi, lipid metabolizma parametreleri ve retinal ven tıkanıklığı arasındaki ilişki analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Hasta grubunun yaş ortancası 69,5 (48-86 ), kontrol grubunun 71,5 (50-84) idi (p=812). İki grup arasında total kolesterol ve düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol açısından anlamlı fark olmamasına rağmen (P=0.458, 0.88), aterojenik plazma indeksi, hasta grubunda anlamlı olarak yüksekti (P<0.05).
Sonuç: Yüksek aterojenik plazma indeksi, klinisyenlere olası retinal ven atağı ve retinal ven tıkanıklığına bağlı komplikasyonların önlenmesi için yol gösterici olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aterojenik plazma indeksi, lipit parametre, retinal ven tıkanıklığı

Kaynakça

• 1. Cugati S, Varma DD, Chen CS, Lee AW. Treatment Options for Central Retinal Artery Occlusion. Curr. Treat. Options Neurol 2012;15:63–77.
• 2. Terao R, Fujino R, Ahmed T. Risk Factors and Treatment Strategy for Retinal Vascular Occlusive Diseases. J Clin Med 2022;11: 6340.
• 3. Klein R, Klein EB, Moss ES, Meuer SM. The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am OphthalmolSoc 2000;98:133–143.
• 4. Song P, Xu Y, Zha M, Zhang Y, Rudan I. Global epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. J Glob Health 2019;9:010427.
• 5. Di Capua M, Coppola A, Albisinni R, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and outcome in patients with retinal vein occlusion. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2009;30:16–22.
• 6. Janssen MCH, Den Heijer M, Cruysberg JRM, Wollersheim H, Bredie SJH. Retinal vein occlusion: a form of venous thrombosis or a complication of atherosclerosis? A meta-analysis of thrombophilic factors. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2005;93:1021-1026.
• 7.Zheng C, Lin Y, Jiang B, et al. Plasma lipid levels and risk of retinal vascular occlusion: A genetic study using Mendelian randomization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:954453.
• 8.Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, März W, Winkelmann BR, Boehm BO, Schmut O. Low density lipoprotein triglycerides and lipoprotein(a) are risk factors for retinal vascular occlusion. ClinChimActa 2007;382:77–81.
• 9. Kim J, Lim DH, Han K, et al. Retinal vein occlusion is associated with low blood high-density lipoproteincholesterol: a nationwide cohort study. American Journal of Ophthalmology 2019;205:35-42.
• 10. Szapary PO, Rader DJ. The triglyceride-high-density lipoprotein axis: an important target of therapy? Am Heart J 2004;148:211-221.
• 11.Fernández-Macías JC, Ochoa-Martínez AC, Varela-Silva JA, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Atherogenic Index of Plasma: Novel Predictive Biomarker for Cardiovascular Illnesses. Arch Med Res 2019;50:285-294.
• 12. Onen S, Taymur I. Evidence for the atherogenic index of plasma as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular disease in schizophrenia. J Psychopharmaco 2021;l35:1120-1126.
• 13. Buehl W, Sacu S, Schmidt-Erfurth U. Retinal vein occlusions. Dev Ophthalmol 2010;46:54-72.
• 14. Terao R, Fujino R, Ahmed T. Risk Factors and Treatment Strategy for Retinal Vascular Occlusive Diseases. J Clin Med 2022;11: 6340.
• 15. Klein R, Klein EB, Moss ES, Meuer SM. The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am OphthalmolSoc 2000;98:133–143.
• 16. Wong TY, Larsen EK, Klein R, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion and arteriolar emboli: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities & Cardiovascular Health studies. Ophthalmology 2005;112:540–547.
• 17. Dobiásová M, Frohlich J. The plasma parameter log (TG/HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apoB-lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FER(HDL)). Clin Biochem 2001;34:583-588.
• 18. Fernández-Macías JC, Ochoa-Martínez AC, Varela-Silva JA, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Atherogenic Index of Plasma: Novel Predictive Biomarker for Cardiovascular Illnesses. Arch Med Res 2019;50:285-294.
• 19. Zhang Y, Chen S, Tian X, et al. Association between cumulative atherogenic index of plasma exposure and risk of myocardial infarction in the general population. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 17;22:210.
• 20. Hurtubise J, McLellan K, Durr K, Onasanya O, Nwabuko D, Ndisang JF. The different facets of dyslipidemia and hypertension in atherosclerosis.CurrAtheroscler Rep 2016;18:82.
• 21. Von Eckardstein A, Nofer JR, Assmann G. High density lipoproteins and arteriosclerosis role of cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. ArteriosclerThrombVascBiol 2001;21(1):13–27.
• 22. Barter PJ, Nicholls S, Rye KA, Anantharamaiah GM, Navab M, FogelmanAM. Antiinflammatory properties of HDL.Circ Res 2004;95:764–772.
• 23. Naito HK. The association of serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins with coronary artery disease assessed by coronary arteriography. Ann N Y AcadSci 1985;454: 230-238.
• 24. Koçak N, Yeter V, Turunç M, Bayrambaş M, Eraydın B, Güngör İ. Atherogenic indices in non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Int J Ophthalmo l2021;14:1041-1046.
• 25. Xu J, Zhou H, Xiang G. Association of Atherogenic Index of Plasma With Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Aged > 18 Years. Can J Diabetes 2022; 29:S1499-2671(22)00092-2.
• 26. Namitha D, Nusrath A, Asha Rani N, et al.. Role of Lipid Indices in the Assessment of Microvascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy Patients. Cureus 2022;22;14:e23395.
• 27. Samimi S, Rajabzadeh S, Rabizadeh S, et al. Atherogenic index of plasma is an independent predictor of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Med Res 2022;27:112.
• 28. Qin Z, Zhou K, Li Y, et al. The atherogenic index of plasma plays an important role in predicting the prognosis of type 2 diabetic subjects undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: results from an observational cohort study in China.CardiovascDiabetol 2020;19(1):23.
• 29. Chatziralli I, Theodossiadis G, Chatzirallis A, Parikakis E, Mitropoulos P,Theodossiadis P. Ranibizumab for retinal vein occlusion: Predictive Factors and Long-Term Outcomes in Real-Life Data. Retina 2018;38(3):559-568.