Oyuncu Motivasyonunun Sürdürülebilir Tüketim Davranışı Üzerinde Etkilerinin İncelenmesi: Serbest Zaman Doyumunun Aracılık Rolü

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, çevrimiçi oyuncu motivasyonunun sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışına etkisini ölçmektir. Aynı zamanda, çevrimiçi oyuncuların serbest zaman doyum düzeylerinin bu etkide aracılık rolü sütlenip üstlenmediği de test edilecektir. Çalışma örneklemi, online oyun oynayan 387 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılara uygulanan anket formunda; oyuncu motivasyonunu ölçmeye yönelik 18 ifade, serbest zaman doyumunu ölçmeye yönelik 19 ifade ve sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışını ölçmeye yönelik 17 ifadeye yer verilmiştir. Son bölümde ise demografik değişkenlere yönelik sorulara yer verilmiştir. Veri analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, güvenilirlik ve normallik testleri IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 21 paket programı kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Çalışmanın Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizleri (DFA) ve Yol analizleri ise IBM SPSS AMOS 24 paket programı aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada DFA ile veri setinin değişkenleri ifade eden modellere uyumu test edilmiştir. DFA analizi neticesinde oluşan modifikasyon indeksleri incelenmiş ve modellere yönelik düzeltmeler yapılmıştır. Modifikasyon sonrası model uyum değerleri incelenmiş ve veri setinin model uyumunun kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, yol analizleri oluşturularak kurulan hipotezler test edilerek çalışma bulguları değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre, oyun motivasyonunun sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışı üzerinde toplam etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (β: 0.506; p<0.01). Oyun motivasyonu ile serbest zaman doyumu arasında pozitif bir yol katsayısı elde edilmiştir (β: 0.866; p<0.01). Oyun motivasyonu ile sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışı arasında dolaylı etki 0.343 ve %95 güven aralığı 0.062-0.590 olarak elde edilmiş ve bu aralık 0 (sıfır) değerini içermediği için dolaylı etki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur.

Keywords

• Sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışı
• online oyuncu motivasyonu
• serbest zaman doyumu

Investigation of The Effects of Player Motivation on Sustainable Consumption Behavior: The Mediation Role of Leisure Satisfaction

Abstract

The main purpose of this research is to measure the effect of online player motivation on sustainable consumption behavior. At the same time, it will be tested whether the leisure satisfaction levels of online players play a mediating role in this effect. The study sample consists of 387 participants who play online games. In the survey form applied to the participants, there are 18 statements to measure player motivation, 19 statements to measure leisure satisfaction, and 17 statements to measure sustainable consumption behavior. The last section includes questions regarding demographic variables. In data analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability, and normality tests were tested using the IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 21 package program. Confirmatory Factor Analyzes (CFA), and Path analysis of the study were carried out using the IBM SPSS AMOS 24 package program. In the study, the fit of the data set to the models expressing the variables was tested with CFA. The modification indices resulting from the CFA analysis were examined, and corrections were made for the models. After modification, model fit values were examined, and it was observed that the model fit of the data set was at an acceptable level. Additionally, the study findings were evaluated by testing the hypotheses established by creating a path analysis. According to the research results, the total effect of game motivation on sustainable consumption behavior was found to be statistically significant (β: 0.506; p<0.01). A positive path coefficient was obtained between game motivation and leisure satisfaction (β: 0.866; p<0.01). The indirect effect between gaming motivation and sustainable consumption behavior was obtained as 0.343, and the 95% confidence interval was 0.062-0.590. Since this range did not include the value 0 (zero), the indirect effect was found to be statistically significant.

Keywords

• Sustainable consumption behavior
• online player motivation
• leisure satisfaction

References

1. Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87(1), 49–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.87.1.49
2. Akın, A., Kaya, Ç., & Demirci, İ. (2015). Oyun Motivasyonu Ölçeği’nin geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 18-31. https://doi.org/10.17860/efd.71814
3. Albertarelli, S., Fraternali, P., Herrera, S., Melenhorst, M., Novak, J., Pasini, C., ... & Rottondi, C. (2018). A survey on the design of gamified systems for energy and water sustainability. Games, 9(3), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/g9030038
4. Al-Mulla, S., Ari, I., & Koç, M. (2022). Social media for sustainability education: Gaining knowledge and skills into actions for sustainable living. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 29(5), 455-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2022.2036856
5. Bammel, G. (1996). Leisure & human behaviour. Dubuque IA, USA: Brown & Benchmark
6. Baranyi, R., Hasimbegovic, A., Winkler, S., Aigner, C., Spiesberger, P., & Grechenig, T. (2023). Supporting Sustainable Development Goals through a gamified mHealth application for people with albinism in Africa. Entertainment Computing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2023.100561
7. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
8. Beard, J. G., & Ragheb, M. G. (1980). Measuring leisure satisfaction. Journal of leisure Research, 12(1), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1980.11969416

9. Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
10. Bucchiarone, A., Bassanelli, S., & Marconi, A. (2023). How to foster sustainable behaviors through multi-campaigns rewarding mechanisms: The AİR-BREAK experience. Sustainability, 15(6), 5198. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065198
11. Bulut, Z., Başar, B., & Kement, Ü. (2024). “Boş ve Serbest Zaman” kavramlarına yönelik çalışmaların bibliyometrik analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(2), 800-818. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1107333
12. Carr, N. (2017). Re-thinking the relation between leisure and freedom. Annals of Leisure Research, 20(2), 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2016.1206723
13. Casals, M., Gangolells, M., Macarulla, M., Forcada, N., Fuertes, A., & Jones, R. V. (2020). Assessing the effectiveness of gamification in reducing domestic. Energy & Buildings, 223, 110193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109753
14. Chang, P. J., Lin, Y., & Song, R. (2019). Leisure satisfaction mediates the relationships between leisure settings, subjective well-being, and depression among middle-aged adults in urban China. Applied Research Quality Life, 1001-1017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9630-3
15. Chen, J., Zhang, G., & Hu, Q. (2022). Research on the impact of pro-environment game and guilt on environmentally sustainable behaviour. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 13406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013406
16. Choi, E., Choi, Y., & Park, N. (2022). Blockchain-centered educational program embodies and advances 2030 sustainable development goals. Sustainability, 14(7), 3761. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073761
17. Choi, E., Choi, Y., & Park, N. (2022). Blockchain-centered educational program embodies and advances 2030 sustainable development goals. Sustainability, 14(7), 3761. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073761
18. Choi, S. H., & Yoo, Y. J. (2017). Leisure attitude and satisfaction with leisure and life: proposing leisure prioritization and justification. World Leisure Journal, 59(2), 140-155.https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2016.1216886
19. Clark, G. (2007). Evolution of the global sustainable consumption and production policy and the United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) supporting activities. Journal of cleaner production, 15(6), 492-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.05.017
20. Cordes, K. A., & İbrahim, H. M. (1996). Applications in recreation & leisure: for today and future. St. Louis Missouri: Mosby-Year Book.
21. Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum
22. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
23. Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Williams, G. C. (1996). Need satisfaction and the self-regulation of learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 8(3), 165-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1041-6080(96)90013-8
24. Demir, Ş. Ş., Yeşiltepe, B., & Demir, M. (2013). Kamu kurumu ile otel yöneticilerinin serbest zaman algılaması ve değerlendirmesine yönelik bir karşılaştırma. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, (39), 1-17. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/abuhsbd/issue/32923/365754
25. Doğan, O., Bulut, Z. A., & Kökalan Çımrın, F. (2015). Bireylerin sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışlarının ölçülmesine yönelik bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 29(4), 659-678. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/atauniiibd/issue/2719/36129 Douglas, B. D., & Brauer, M. (2021). Gamification to prevent climate change: A review of games and apps for sustainability. Current Opinion in Psychology, 42, 89-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.04.008
26. Du Cap, M. C. (2002). Master Thesis. The perceived impact of the acadia advantage program on the leisure lifestyle and leisure satisfation of the students at Acadia University. Ottowa: Acadia University.
27. Erten, B., Oral, B., & Yakut, M. Z. (2022). The role of virtual and augmented reality in occupational health and safety training of employees in PV power systems and evaluation with a sustainability perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 379(2), 134499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134499
28. Featherstone, M. (1996). Postmodernizm ve tüketim kültürü (Çev: Mehmet Küçük). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
29. Gökçe, H., & Orhan, K. (2011). Serbest zaman doyum ölçeğinin türkçe geçerlilik güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 22(4), 139-145. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sbd/issue/16383/171376
30. Güngör, M. (2008). Ki-kare testi üzerine. Fırat Üniversitesi Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 84-89. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fudad/issue/47171/593924
31. Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. (3.Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
32. Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. New jersey: Englewood Cliffs.
33. Haller, M., Hadler, M., & Kaup, G. (2013). Leisure time in modern societies: A new source of boredom and stress? Social Indicators Research, 111(2), 403-434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0023-y
34. Hansen, U., & Schrader, U. (1997). A modern model of consumption for a sustainable society. Journal of Consumer Policy, 20, 459-460. Erişim adresi: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006842517219
35. Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monograph, 76(4), 408-420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903310360
36. Hemingway, J. L. (1996). Emancipating leisure: The recovery of freedom in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 28(1), 27-43. Erişim adresi: https://www.nrpa.org/globalassets/journals/jlr/1996/volume-28/jlr-volume-28-number-1-pp-27-43.pdf
37. Hribernik, J., & Mussap, A. J. (2010). Research note: Leisure satisfaction and subjective wellbeing. Annals of Leisure Research, 13(4), 701-708. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2010.9686871
38. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit ındexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. structural equation modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
39. Hume, M. (2010). Compassion without action: Examining the young consumers consumption and attitude to sustainable consumption. Journal of World Business, 45(4), 385-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2009.08.007
40. İslamoğlu, A. H., & Alnıaçık, Ü. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. İstanbul.: Beta Yayıncılık.
41. Iso-Ahola, S. E., & Weissinger, E. (1990). Perceptions of boredom in leisure: Conceptualization, reliability, and validity of the leisure boredom scale. Journal of Leisure Research, 22(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1990.11969811
42. Kiracı, H., & Kayabaşı, A. (2010). Real and spurious sustainable consumption behavior in Turkey: A field research. Innovative Marketing, 6(2), 34-47. Erişim adresi: https://www.businessperspectives.org/index.php/journals/innovative-marketing/issue-127/real-and-spurious-sustainable-consumption-behavior-in-turkey-a-field-research
43. Kline, R. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
44. Koivisto, J., & Hamari, J. (2019). Demographic differences in perceived benefits from gamification. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.007
45. Kotsopoulos, D., Bardaki, C., Lounis, S., & Pramatari, K. (2018). Employee profiles and preferences towards IoT-enabled gamification for energy conservation. International Journal of Serious Games, 5(2), 65-85. https://doi.org/10.17083/ijsg.v5i2.225
46. Köse, E., Yerlisu-Lapa, T., Kaas, E. T., & Uzun, N. B. (2025). Mediating effect of leisure satisfaction on the relationship between leisure benefits and life satisfaction in exercise participants. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 16(2), 306-332. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1576962
47. Krath, J., & Von Korflesch, H. F. (2021). Designing gamification and persuasive systems: A systematic literature review. 5th International GamiFIN Conference, GamiFIN 2021 (s. 100-109). Virtual-Levi: CEUR-WS.
48. Kruglanski, A. W. (1978). Endogenous attribution and ıntrinsic motivation. D. G. (Eds.), The Hidden Costs of Reward. Hillsdale: Erlbaum Pub.
49. Lafrenière, K. M.-A., Verner-Filion, J., & Vallerand, R. J. (2012). Development and validation of the gaming motivation scale (GAMS). Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 827-831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.013
50. Laroche, M., Nepomuceno, M., & Richard, M. (2010). How do ınvolvement and product knowledge affect relationship between ıntangibility and perceived risk for brands and product categories. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 27(3), 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363761011038275
51. Lee, B., & Zhang, A. (2010). Women’s leisure and leisure satisfaction in contemporary Urban China. World Leisure Journal, 52(3), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2010.9728284
52. Lin, C.-W., Chien, C.-Y., Ou Yang, C.-P., & Mao, T.-Y. (2023). Encouraging sustainable consumption through gamification in a branded app: A study on consumers’ behavioral perspective. Sustainability, 15(1), 589-602. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010589
53. Luger-Bazinger, C., & Hornung-Prähauser, V. (2021). Innovation for sustainable cities: The effects of nudging and gamification methods on urban mobility and sustainability behaviour. GI_Forum, 251-258. https://doi.org/10.1553/giscience2021_02_s251
54. Lysyk, M., Brown, G. T., Rodrigues, E., McNally, J., & Loo, K. (2002). Translation of the leisure satisfaction scale into french: A validation study. Occupational Therapy International, 9(1), 76-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/oti.157
55. Mabalay, A. A. (2025). Gamification for sustainability: A systematic review of applications, trends, and opportunities. Computers in Human Behavior. 165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108529
56. McQuitty, S. (2004). Statistical power and structural equation models in business research. Journal of Business Research, 57(2), 175-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00301-0
57. Montgomery, A. (2016, 05 02). Recreational participation and perceived stress levels of college students and if leisure satisfaction mediates their relationship" (2016). 29. Graduate Theses. Winthrop, Winthrop, U.S.A.: Winthrop University. Erişim adresi: https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/graduatetheses/29
58. Nash, H. A. (2009). The European commission’s sustainable consumption and production and sustainable industrial policy action plan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17(4), 496-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.08.020
59. OECD. (2002). Towards sustainable household consumption? Trends and policies in OECD countries. Erişim adresi: www.oecd.org.
60. Özgül, E. (2010). Tüketicilerin değer yapıları, gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı ve sürdürülebilir tüketim üzerindeki etkileri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 117-150. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/huniibf/issue/29107/311375
61. Pivec, M., & Hsu, J. L. (2020). Motivation for change gamification as a tool for supporting sustainable behaviour. Traditiones, 49(1), 93-108. https://doi.org/10.3986/Traditio2020490105
62. Ragheb, M. G., & Beard, J. G. (1982). Measuring leisure attitude. Journal of Leisure Research, 14(2), 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1982.11969512
63. Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2006). A first course in structural equation modeling. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
64. Riddick, C. C., & Stewart, D. G. (1994). An examination of the life satisfaction and importance of leisure in the lives of older female retirees: A comparison of blacks to whites. Journal of Leisure Research, 26(1), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1994.11969945
65. Ryan, R., & Deci, E. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68
66. Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A Beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New Jersey,London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
67. Seigenthaler, K. (1997). Health benefits of leisure. Reseach Update, Parks and Recreastion, 24-31.
68. Serdar, E., Demirel, M., Harmandal Demirel, D., & Donuk, B. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin serbest zaman doyum düzeyleri ve mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 28, 429-438. https://doi.org/10.16990/SOBIDER.4412
69. Seyfang, G. (2006). Ecological citizenship and sustainable consumption: Examining local organic food networks. Journal of Rural Studies, 22(4), 383-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2006.01.003
70. Siegenthaler, K. L., & O'Dell, I. (2000). Leisure attitude, leisure satisfaction, and perceived freedom in leisure within family dyads. Leisure Sciences, 22(4), 281-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409950202302 Spaargaren, G. (2011). Theories of practices: Agency, technology and culture exploring the relevance of practice theories for the governance of sustainable consumption practices in the New World-Order. Global Environmental Change, 21(3), 813-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.03.010
71. Spangenberg, J. H., Luke, A. F., & Blincoe, K. (2010). Design for Sustainability (DFS): The interface of sustainable production and consumption. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18, 1485-1493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.06.002
72. Sun, Y., & Xing, J. (2023). The impact of gamification motivation on green consumption behavior—An empirical study based on ant forest. Sustainability, 15(1), 512-528. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010512
73. Terzi, E., Işık, U., & İnan, B. C. (2024). University students’ free time management and quality of life: the mediating role of leisure satisfaction. BMC Psychol. 12(239). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01745-2
74. Tezcan, M. (1993). Boş zamanlar sosyolojisi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Yayınları. Torkildsen, G. (1999). Leisure and recreation management. London, UK: Spon Pres.
75. Üstüner, S., & Canoğlu, M. (2025). Tüketicilerin sürdürülebilir tüketim davranışları: Bibliyometrik analizi. Journal of Yasar University, 20(79), 488-508. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.1628491
76. Visvanathan, C., & Kumar, S. (2007). 3R initiatives in Asia. International Conference on Cleaner Technologies and Environmental Management. Pondicherry, Hindistan.
77. Wang, E. S., Chen, L. S., Lin, J. Y., & Wang, M. C. (2008). The relationship between leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction of adolescents concerning online games. Adolescence, 43(169), 177-184. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18447089/
78. Yu, C., Zeng, Z., Xue, A., & Wu, Q. (2024). The effect of exercise motivation on college students’ self-efficacy: the mediating roles of leisure satisfaction and mental toughness. Frontiers in Psychology. 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1465138