Araştırma Makalesi
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Hristiyan İkonografisinde İki Kadın Temsilin Sembolik Gizemleri: Lily ve Yılan

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 1005 - 1029, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsbd.1712876

Öz

Araştırma, Hristiyan ikonografisinde iki güçlü sembol olan Zambak ve Yılan figürlerinin temsilini incelemektedir. Kadının saflığı ve fetişliği üzerine kurulu bu semboller, Meryem Ana ve Lilith’in idealize edilmiş gizemlerini gösterirken kadınların ilahi figürler olarak yüceltilmesi ile şeytanlaştırılması arasındaki ikiliği yansıtmaktadır. Hristiyan mistisizminde Zambak, Meryem’in lekesiz gebeliğini ve kutsal annelik rolünü simgelerken; Yılan, orijinal günah, Tanrı’ya başkaldırı ve cinsel uyanış bağlamında Lilith’in sembolüdür. Meryem’in temsilleri itaat, kutsallık ve toplumsal idealizasyonu öne çıkarırken; Lilith’in tasvirleri başkaldırı, cinsellik ve toplumsal normlara karşı bir tehdit olarak algılanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, kültürel temsillerin kadınları hem yüceltilmiş hem de şeytanlaştırılmış ikili figürler hâline dönüştürdüğü fikrine varılmıştır. Lily ve Yılan sembollerin saklı kalan yönleri ve bu gizemler aracılığıyla kadın kimliklere yüklenen rollerin kültürel, dinsel ve ideolojik yönleri açığa çıkarılmaya çalışıldığı araştırmada kadının sembolik temsilleriyle nasıl her şeyden yüce veya her şeyin altında tutularak ikircikli bir algı malzemesine dönüştürüldüğü ve bu iki temsil arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada ikonografik ve içerik analizini birleştiren nitel bir çalışma uygulanarak ikonografik çözümleme ve içerik analizi methodları birleşleştirilmiş ve konuyla ilgili kutsal metin, yazılı kaynak ve tasvir örneklerine ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan bu örnekler kadın kimliklere atfedilen simgeleriyle beraber ikili çözümleme yöntemiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada bulgular, Zambak ve Yılan sembolleri aracılığıyla temsil edilen Meryem ve Lilith figürlerinin, Hristiyan kültüründe kadın kimliğinin iki zıt kutbunu somutlaştırdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma, Havva merkezli kadın sembolizmine alternatif olarak Lilith’in görünürlüğünü artırarak, Hristiyan ikonografisindeki kadın temsillerine dair daha derinlikli bir okuma ve tartışma alanı sunmaktadır. Çözümlemede kullanılan çift karşılaştırma yöntemi ise çalışmaya özgünlük kazandırmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Antmen, A. (2008). Art/Gender: Feminist Critique. İletişim Publishing.
  • Aquinas, T. (n.d.). Summa Theologica, I, q. 114, a. 3-4. Retrieved from: https://aquinas.cc/la/en/~ST.I.Q114.A4
  • Beauvoir, S. de. (1949). The Second Sex (C. Borde & S. Malovany-Chevallier, Trans.). Jonathan Cape.
  • Boss, S. J. (Ed.). (2007). Mary: The Complete Resource. Oxford University Press.
  • Braem, H. (2019). The Lion of Uruk Gilgamesh (A. N. Sezgin, Trans.). Olimpos Publishing.
  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Campbell, J. (2015). Occidental Mythology: The Masks of God III (K. Emiroğlu, Trans.). Islık Publishing.
  • Clark, E. (1983). Women in the early church. In T. Halton (Ed.), Message of the Fathers of the Church. Michael Glazier.
  • Crow, W. B. (2002). A History of Magic, Witchcraft, and Occultism (F. Yavuz, Trans.). Dharma Publishing.
  • Çığ, M. İ. (2005). The Sumerian Origins of the Qur’an, the Bible and the Torah. Kaynak Publishing.
  • Dufourcq, E. (2015). History of Christian Women – Volume 1: From Evangelical Origins to the Age of Witches. Tallandier.
  • Duygu, Z. (2019). Was Paul an Apostle of Jesus Christ? Cedrus, 7, 627-662. https://doi.org/10.13113/CEDRUS.201929
  • Geyik, G. (2021). A Comparison of the Representations of Eve in the Iconography of Islamic Art and Christian Art. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Mythology (pp. 270-285). Ardahan University.
  • Gilbert, S. M., & Gubar, S. (2000). The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination (2nd ed.). Yale University Press.
  • Graves, R., & Patai, R. (2013). Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis (U. Akpur, Trans.). Say Publishing. Harman, Ö. F. (2004). Mary. In Encyclopedia of Islam by Turkish Religious Foundation (TDVİA) (Vol. 29, pp. 236-242).
  • Harman, Ö. F. (2021). Woman in Christianity. In Women in Abrahamic Religions (pp. 20-37). KADEM.
  • Heinz-Mohr, G. (1984). Serpent. In Lexicon of Symbols. Eugen Diederichs Verlag.
  • Héritier, F., Perrot, M., Agacinski, S., & Bacharan, N. (2018). The Most Beautiful History of Women (Y. Aşçı Dalar, Trans.). Türkiye İş Bankası Cultural Publishing.
  • Hurwitz, S. (2012). The First Eve: Historical and Psychological Aspects of the Dark Feminine (G. Jacobson, Trans.) [E-book]. Daimon Verlag.
  • Korkmaz, E. (2010). Dictionary of Symbols. Anahtar Kitaplar Publishing.
  • Kramer, S. N. (1999). Sumerian Mythology (H. Koyukan, Trans.). Kabalcı Publishing.
  • Leppert, R. (2021). The Image of Meaning in Art: The Social Function of Images (İ. Türkmen, Trans.). Sanat ve Kuram Publishing.
  • Panofsky, E. (2018). Studies in Iconology: Humanistic Themes in Renaissance Art (O. Düz, Trans.). Pinhan Publishing.
  • Roller, L. E. (2004). In Search of the Mother Goddess: The Kybele Cult in Anatolia (B. Avuç, Trans.). Homer Books.
  • Rubin, M. (2009). Mother of God: A History of the Virgin Mary. Yale University Press.
  • Sayın Alsan, Ş. (2024). Feminist art and female representation: a historical and sociocultural analysis. International Interdisciplinary and Cross-Cultural Art Journal, 9(19), 165-182. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijiia/article/1614286
  • Shoemaker, S. J. (2002). The Ancient Traditions of the Virgin Mary’s Dormition and Assumption. Oxford University Press.
  • Stanley, J. W. (2008). Snakes: Objects of Religion, Fear, and Myth. Journal of Integrative Biology, 2, 42-58. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228628396_Snakes_Objects_of_Religion_Fear_and_Myth
  • Stern, D., Mirsky, M. J. (Eds.). (1998). Rabbinic fantasies: Imaginative Narratives from Classical Hebrew Literature (pp. 183-200). Yale University Press.
  • Sümer, N. (2016). The Snake as a Religious and Mythological Symbol. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 43, 275-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/JASSS3229
  • Taslaman, C. (2021). Evolution Theory, Philosophy, and God. İstanbul Publishing.
  • The Holy Bible: New International Version. (2011). Zondervan.
  • The Holy Bible: Old and New Testaments.
  • The Protoevangelium of James. (1886). (A. Walker, Trans.; A. Roberts, J. Donaldson, & A. C. Coxe, Eds.). In Ante-Nicene Fathers (Vol.8). Christian Literature Publishing. Retrieved from: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0847.htm
  • Thomassen, E., & van Oort, J. (2009). The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Book I (Sects 1-46) (2nd ed., F. Williams, Trans.). Brill.
  • Warner, M. (2013). Alone of All Her Sex: The Myth and the Cult of the Virgin Mary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/alone-of-all-her-sex-the-myth-and-cult-of-the-virgin-mary.-marina-warner-pdfdrive/page/n31/mode/2up
  • Zingsem, V. (2006). Lilith: Adam’s First Wife (D. D. Yüzer, Trans.). İlya Publishing.

Symbolic Secrets of Two Female Representations in Christian Iconography: the Lily and the Serpent

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 1005 - 1029, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsbd.1712876

Öz

The research investigates the representation of two powerful symbols in Christian iconography: the Lily and the Serpent. Rooted in notions of female purity and fetishism, these symbols reveal the idealized mysteries of the Virgin Mary and Lilith, reflecting the duality between the veneration and demonization of women as divine figures. In Christian mysticism, the Lily symbolizes Mary’s Immaculate Conception and sacred motherhood, while the Serpent represents Lilith in the context of original sin, rebellion against God, and sexual awakening. While depictions of Mary emphasize obedience, holiness, and social idealization, representations of Lilith evoke rebellion, sexuality and a perceived threat to social norms. In this context, the research concludes that cultural representations have transformed women into dual figures, both exalted and demonized. It aims to uncover the hidden dimensions of the Lily and the Serpent and to reveal how these mysteries shape the cultural, religious, and ideological constructions of female identity. The study also investigates how women have been symbolically positioned as either sacred or condemned, creating an ambivalent perception of femininity, and explores the relationship between these two contrasting representations. A qualitative approach combining iconographic and content analysis was employed to examine sacred texts, theological writings, and visual materials such as manuscripts, frescoes, and paintings. These examples were analyzed through a dual comparative framework to identify the symbolic meanings attributed to female identity. The findings reveal that the figures of Mary and Lilith- embodied through the Lily and the Serpent- represent two opposing poles of womanhood in Christian culture. Furthermore, by enhancing Lilith’s visibility as an alternative to Eve-centered symbolism, the research provides a deeper interpretive framework for female representation in Christian iconography.

Kaynakça

  • Antmen, A. (2008). Art/Gender: Feminist Critique. İletişim Publishing.
  • Aquinas, T. (n.d.). Summa Theologica, I, q. 114, a. 3-4. Retrieved from: https://aquinas.cc/la/en/~ST.I.Q114.A4
  • Beauvoir, S. de. (1949). The Second Sex (C. Borde & S. Malovany-Chevallier, Trans.). Jonathan Cape.
  • Boss, S. J. (Ed.). (2007). Mary: The Complete Resource. Oxford University Press.
  • Braem, H. (2019). The Lion of Uruk Gilgamesh (A. N. Sezgin, Trans.). Olimpos Publishing.
  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Campbell, J. (2015). Occidental Mythology: The Masks of God III (K. Emiroğlu, Trans.). Islık Publishing.
  • Clark, E. (1983). Women in the early church. In T. Halton (Ed.), Message of the Fathers of the Church. Michael Glazier.
  • Crow, W. B. (2002). A History of Magic, Witchcraft, and Occultism (F. Yavuz, Trans.). Dharma Publishing.
  • Çığ, M. İ. (2005). The Sumerian Origins of the Qur’an, the Bible and the Torah. Kaynak Publishing.
  • Dufourcq, E. (2015). History of Christian Women – Volume 1: From Evangelical Origins to the Age of Witches. Tallandier.
  • Duygu, Z. (2019). Was Paul an Apostle of Jesus Christ? Cedrus, 7, 627-662. https://doi.org/10.13113/CEDRUS.201929
  • Geyik, G. (2021). A Comparison of the Representations of Eve in the Iconography of Islamic Art and Christian Art. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Mythology (pp. 270-285). Ardahan University.
  • Gilbert, S. M., & Gubar, S. (2000). The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination (2nd ed.). Yale University Press.
  • Graves, R., & Patai, R. (2013). Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis (U. Akpur, Trans.). Say Publishing. Harman, Ö. F. (2004). Mary. In Encyclopedia of Islam by Turkish Religious Foundation (TDVİA) (Vol. 29, pp. 236-242).
  • Harman, Ö. F. (2021). Woman in Christianity. In Women in Abrahamic Religions (pp. 20-37). KADEM.
  • Heinz-Mohr, G. (1984). Serpent. In Lexicon of Symbols. Eugen Diederichs Verlag.
  • Héritier, F., Perrot, M., Agacinski, S., & Bacharan, N. (2018). The Most Beautiful History of Women (Y. Aşçı Dalar, Trans.). Türkiye İş Bankası Cultural Publishing.
  • Hurwitz, S. (2012). The First Eve: Historical and Psychological Aspects of the Dark Feminine (G. Jacobson, Trans.) [E-book]. Daimon Verlag.
  • Korkmaz, E. (2010). Dictionary of Symbols. Anahtar Kitaplar Publishing.
  • Kramer, S. N. (1999). Sumerian Mythology (H. Koyukan, Trans.). Kabalcı Publishing.
  • Leppert, R. (2021). The Image of Meaning in Art: The Social Function of Images (İ. Türkmen, Trans.). Sanat ve Kuram Publishing.
  • Panofsky, E. (2018). Studies in Iconology: Humanistic Themes in Renaissance Art (O. Düz, Trans.). Pinhan Publishing.
  • Roller, L. E. (2004). In Search of the Mother Goddess: The Kybele Cult in Anatolia (B. Avuç, Trans.). Homer Books.
  • Rubin, M. (2009). Mother of God: A History of the Virgin Mary. Yale University Press.
  • Sayın Alsan, Ş. (2024). Feminist art and female representation: a historical and sociocultural analysis. International Interdisciplinary and Cross-Cultural Art Journal, 9(19), 165-182. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijiia/article/1614286
  • Shoemaker, S. J. (2002). The Ancient Traditions of the Virgin Mary’s Dormition and Assumption. Oxford University Press.
  • Stanley, J. W. (2008). Snakes: Objects of Religion, Fear, and Myth. Journal of Integrative Biology, 2, 42-58. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228628396_Snakes_Objects_of_Religion_Fear_and_Myth
  • Stern, D., Mirsky, M. J. (Eds.). (1998). Rabbinic fantasies: Imaginative Narratives from Classical Hebrew Literature (pp. 183-200). Yale University Press.
  • Sümer, N. (2016). The Snake as a Religious and Mythological Symbol. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 43, 275-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/JASSS3229
  • Taslaman, C. (2021). Evolution Theory, Philosophy, and God. İstanbul Publishing.
  • The Holy Bible: New International Version. (2011). Zondervan.
  • The Holy Bible: Old and New Testaments.
  • The Protoevangelium of James. (1886). (A. Walker, Trans.; A. Roberts, J. Donaldson, & A. C. Coxe, Eds.). In Ante-Nicene Fathers (Vol.8). Christian Literature Publishing. Retrieved from: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0847.htm
  • Thomassen, E., & van Oort, J. (2009). The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Book I (Sects 1-46) (2nd ed., F. Williams, Trans.). Brill.
  • Warner, M. (2013). Alone of All Her Sex: The Myth and the Cult of the Virgin Mary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/alone-of-all-her-sex-the-myth-and-cult-of-the-virgin-mary.-marina-warner-pdfdrive/page/n31/mode/2up
  • Zingsem, V. (2006). Lilith: Adam’s First Wife (D. D. Yüzer, Trans.). İlya Publishing.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Görsel Kültür, Sanat Tarihi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fevziye Eker 0000-0001-5891-0793

Derya Topaloğlu 0000-0002-1415-5607

Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 25 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Eker, F., & Topaloğlu, D. (2025). Symbolic Secrets of Two Female Representations in Christian Iconography: the Lily and the Serpent. Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(3), 1005-1029. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsbd.1712876
  Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.