Current Interventions in Sport: A Bibliometric Analysis of Mindfulness-Based Approaches (MSPE & MMTS)

Öz

This study aims to examine, from a bibliometric perspective, the current trends, conceptual development, and research networks of research on Mindful Sports Performance Enhancement (MSPE) and Mindful Meditation Training for Sport (MMTS) interventions in the context of performance, mindfulness, and athlete. Data were obtained from the Web of Science database on October 24, 2025. The search strategy involved accessing studies between 2004 and 2025 using the keywords “MSPE” OR “mindful sport performance enhancement” OR “MMTS” OR “MMTS 2.0” OR “mindfulness meditation training for sport” OR “mindfulness meditation training for sport 2.0” AND “sport*” OR “athletic performance” OR “athlete*” AND “meditation” OR “mindfulness”. The results show a significant increase in publications after 2015 and a growing academic interest in MSPE and MMTS interventions. Trends in author keywords and word cloud analyses revealed that the keywords “meditation,” “flow,” “anxiety,” and “performance enhancement” occupied central positions, indicating that research themes primarily focused on meditation-based mechanisms, anxiety and emotion regulation, psychological well-being, and performance enhancement. Citation analyses showed that the United States led in total citations and single-country publications, while China played a significant role in international collaborations. According to Bradford Law analysis, the “Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology” and “Frontiers in Psychology” formed the core region. Author-based metrics showed that Glass C. R. was the most prolific author, while Glass J. R., Kaufman K. A., and Arnkoff D. B. were the most cited authors. Institutional collaboration networks showed limited but consistent bilateral partnerships, with Catholic University occupying a central position in the collaborative structure. These findings indicate that MSPE and MMTS constitute a growing and increasingly structured research area, with expanding scholarly attention, consolidated thematic patterns, and emerging international collaboration networks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bibliometrics
• Interventions
• Performance
• Sport Psychology

Sporda Güncel Müdahaleler: Farkındalık Temelli Müdahalelerin Bibliyometrik Analizi (MSPE & MMTS)

Öz

Bu çalışma, performans, farkındalık ve sporcu bağlamında, farkındalıklı spor performansını geliştirme ve spor için farkındalıklı meditasyon eğitimi müdahaleleri üzerine yapılan araştırmaların güncel eğilimlerini, kavramsal gelişimini ve araştırma ağlarını bibliyometrik yöntemle incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Veriler, 24 Ekim 2025 tarihinde Web of Science veri tabanından “MSPE” OR “mindful sport performance enhancement” OR “MMTS” OR “MMTS 2.0” OR “mindfulness meditation training for sport” OR “mindfulness meditation training for sport 2.0” AND “sport*” OR “athletic performance” OR “athlete*” AND “meditation” OR “mindfulness” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Bulgular, sporda farkındalık temelli müdahalelere ilişkin çalışmaların 2015 yılından sonra artış gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Yazar anahtar kelimesi eğilimleri ve kelime bulutu analizlerinde “meditasyon” kelimesi merkezi konumda yer almıştır. Atıf analizleri, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin toplam atıflarda ve tek ülke yayınlarında lider olduğunu, Çin'in ise uluslararası iş birliklerinde önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermiştir. Bradford Yasası analizine göre “Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology” ve “Frontiers in Psychology” çekirdek dergiler olarak belirlenmiştir. Yayın sayısı açısından Glass C. R. öne çıkan isimdir. En fazla atıf alan yazarlar ise Glass J. R., Kaufman K. A. ve Arnkoff D. B.’dir. Kurumsal iş birliği ağ analizinde Katolik Üniversitesi merkezi bir konumda yer almıştır. Güncel müdahaleler arasında yer alan MSPE ve MMTS'ye yönelik akademik ilginin arttığı belirtilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bibliyometri
• Müdahaleler
• Performans
• Spor Psikolojisi

Kaynakça

1. 1. Garg, S., Uriegas, N. A., Winkelmann, Z. K., Adams, M., & Fraley, A. L. (2024). Effect of mindful sport performance enhancement in college athletes for reducing sports-caused anxiety and ımproving self-awareness: A critically appraised topic. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training, 29(5), 235-239. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2023-0054
2. 2. Glass, C. R., Spears, C. A., Perskaudas, R., & Kaufman, K. A. (2019). Mindful sport performance enhancement: Randomized controlled trial of a mental training program with collegiate athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 13(4), 609-628. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2017-0044
3. 3. Hut, M., Glass, C. R., Degnan, K. A., & Minkler, T. O. (2021). The effects of mindfulness training on mindfulness, anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and performance satisfaction among female student-athletes: The moderating role of age. Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(2-3), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsep.2021.06.002
4. 4. Kelemen, B., Tóth, R., Benczenleitner, O., & Tóth, L. (2025). Effects of group mindfulness intervention on high-level distance runners: A quasi-experimental study. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 7, 1556404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1556404
5. 5. Baltzell, A., Caraballo, N., Chipman, K., & Hayden, L. (2014). A qualitative study of the mindfulness meditation training for sport: Division I female soccer players’ experience. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 8(3), 221-244. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2014-0030
6. 6. Cote, T., Baltzell, A., & Diehl, R. (2019). A qualitative exploration of division I tennis players completing the mindfulness meditation training for sport 2.0 program. The Sport Psychologist, 33(3), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2017-0155
7. 7. Kaufman KA, Glass CR, Arnkoff DB. (2009). Evaluation of Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE): A new approach to promote flow in athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 3(4), 334–356.
8. 8. Baltzell, A., & Akhtar, V. L. (2014). Mindfulness meditation training for sport (MMTS) intervention: Impact of MMTS with division I female athletes. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 2(2), 160-173.

9. 9. Baltzell, A., & Summers, J. (2017). Introducing Mindful Meditation Training for Sport (MMTS) 2.0. In The Power of Mindfulness (pp. 25–31). Springer.
10. 10. Thompson, R. W., Kaufman, K. A., De Petrillo, L. A., Glass, C. R., & Arnkoff, D. B. (2011). One year follow-up of mindful sport performance enhancement (MSPE) with archers, golfers, and runners. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 5(2), 99-116.
11. 11. De Petrillo, L. A., Kaufman, K. A., Glass, C. R., & Arnkoff, D. B. (2009). Mindfulness for long-distance runners: An open trial using Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE). Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 3(4), 357-376.
12. 12. Hut, M., Minkler, T. O., Glass, C. R., Weppner, C. H., Thomas, H. M., & Flannery, C. B. (2023). A randomized controlled study of mindful sport performance enhancement and psychological skills training with collegiate track and field athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 35(2), 284-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2021.1989521
13. 13. Xie, B., Lei, S., Choi, N., Choi, S. M., Wang, X., & Chen, Y. (2025). Impact of mindfulness-based interventions on sports performance and mental health: An umbrella review. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 23(4), 261-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.008
14. 14. Bühlmayer, L., Birrer, D., Röthlin, P., Faude, O., & Donath, L. (2017). Effects of mindfulness practice on performance-relevant parameters and performance outcomes in sports: A meta-analytical review. Sports Medicine, 47, 2309-2321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0752-9.
15. 15. Wang, Y., Lei, S., & Fan, J. (2023). Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on promoting athletic performance and related factors among athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2038. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032038.
16. 16. Ding, H., Zhang, L., Ma, C., Wen, H., & Zhao, X. (2025). Effects of long-term mindfulness meditation training on attentional capacity in professional male fencer athletes. Scientific Reports, 15, 13040. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97179-w.
17. 17. Josefsson, T., Ivarsson, A., Gustafsson, H., Stenling, A., Lindwall, M., Tornberg, R., & Böröy, J. (2019). Effects of mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) on sport-specific dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation, and self-rated athletic performance in a multiple-sport population: An RCT Study. Mindfulness, 10, 1518-1529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01098-7.
18. 18. Meggs, J., & Chen, M. (2021). The effects of applied and sport-specific mindful sport performance enhancement training on mindfulness skills, flow, and emotional regulation in national competitive swimmers. Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5(1), 114-123. https://doi.org/10. 1123/cssep.2020-0034
19. 19. Jones, B. J., Kaur, S., Miller, M., & Spencer, R. M. (2020). Mindfulness-based stress reduction benefits psychological well-being, sleep quality, and athletic performance in female collegiate rowers. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 572980. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572980
20. 20. Mehrsafar, A. H., Strahler, J., Gazerani, P., Khabiri, M., Sánchez, J. C. J., Moosakhani, A., & Zadeh, A. M. (2019). The effects of mindfulness training on competition-induced anxiety and salivary stress markers in elite Wushu athletes: A pilot study. Physiology & Behavior, 210, 112655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112655
21. 21. Moen, F., Abrahamsen, F., & Furrer, P. (2015). The effects from mindfulness training on Norwegian junior elite athletes in sport. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 27(2), 99-114.
22. 22. Norouzi, E., Gerber, M., Masrour, F. F., Vaezmosavi, M., Pühse, U., & Brand, S. (2020). Implementation of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression and to improve psychological well-being among retired Iranian football players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 47, 101636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101636
23. 23. Rooks, J. D., Morrison, A. B., Goolsarran, M., Rogers, S. L., & Jha, A. P. (2017). “We are talking about practice”: The influence of mindfulness vs. relaxation training on athletes’ attention and well-being over high-demand intervals. Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, 1(2), 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-017-0016-5
24. 24. Si, X., Yang, Z., & Feng, X. (2024). A meta-analysis of the intervention effect of mindfulness training on athletes’ performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1375608. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1375608.
25. 25. Gross, M., Moore, Z. E., Gardner, F. L., Wolanin, A. T., Pess, R., & Marks, D. R. (2018). An empirical examination comparing the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment approach and psychological skills training for the mental health and sport performance of female student athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(4), 431-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2016.1250802
26. 26. Carraça, B., Serpa, S., Guerrero, J. P., & Rosado, A. (2018). Enhance sport performance of elite athletes: The mindfulness-based interventions. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 18(2), 79-109.
27. 27. Sappington, R., & Longshore, K. (2015). Systematically reviewing the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for enhanced athletic performance. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 9(3), 232-262. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2014-0017
28. 28. Reinebo, G., Alfonsson, S., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Rozental, A., & Lundgren, T. (2024). Effects of psychological interventions to enhance athletic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 54(2), 347-373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01931-z
29. 29. Birrer, D., Scalvedi, B., & Frings, N. (2023). A bibliometric analysis of mindfulness and acceptance research in sports from 1969 to 2021. Mindfulness, 14(5), 1038-1053. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02124-5
30. 30. Park, I., & Jeon, J. (2023). Psychological skills training for athletes in sports: Web of science bibliometric analysis. Healthcare, 11(2), 259. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020259
31. 31. Piasecki, P. A., Minkler, T. O., McGehee, C., & Filho, E. (2025). Mindfulness in sport, exercise, and performance psychology: An umbrella review and directions for future research. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2025.2481562
32. 32. Bondár, R. Z., Bertollo, M., di Fronso, S., & Robazza, C. (2024). Mindfulness to performance enhancement: A systematic review of neural correlates. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 65-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2021.1949742
33. 33. Lomas, T., Medina, J. C., Ivtzan, I., Rupprecht, S., Hart, R., & Eiroa-Orosa, F. J. (2017). The impact of mindfulness on well-being and performance in the workplace: An inclusive systematic review of the empirical literature. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(4), 492-513. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2017.1308924
34. 34. Sappington, R., & Longshore, K. (2015). Systematically reviewing the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for enhanced athletic performance. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 9(3), 232-262. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2014-0017
35. 35. Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070