Hemp Reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composite Produced By Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)

Abstract

Reinforcement of polymer matrix with natural fiber can provide an increase in mechanical properties of the related composite. Since thermoplastics, especially bio composite materials are recyclable, they contribute to a sustainable ecosystem. In this study, 10% by weight hemp reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) matrix compounds were produced. Tensile test specimens were performed in two different infill patterns, parallel and +/- 45° cross, using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method from the developed bio composite filaments. Ultimate tensile stress increases approximately 20%. It has been observed that the geometry of the infill pattern greatly affects the tensile strength. In addition, through optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the the produced composite filaments were examined. Surface interactions and homogeneous fiber distribution between PLA and hemp were investigated. As a result, hemp is used as a reinforcement material in related studies, its homogeneous distribution is very important. Although the compounds were produced by twin-screw extrusion. Weakness in the form of the surface bonding is observed. This situation affects the structural performance negatively. Addition of hemp decreases the thermal resistance and melting temperature and increases the glass transition temperature comparing to pure PLA.

Keywords

• : Hemp reinforced polylactic acid composite
• Fused filament fabrication
• Additive manufacturing
• Filament production

Eriyik Biriktirme Yöntemiyle Kenevirle Güçlendirilmiş Polilaktik Asit (PLA) Kompozit Filaman Üretimi

Abstract

Polimer matrislerin doğal elyaflar ile güçlendirilmesi mekanik özelliklerde artış sağlayabilir. Termoplastikler, özellikle biyokompozit malzemeler geri dönüştürülebilir olduğundan sürdürülebilir bir ekosisteme katkıda bulunurlar. Kenevir lifleri öğütülmüş ve boyutları küçültülmüştür. Bu çalışmada ağırlıkça %10 kenevir takviyeli polilaktik asit (PLA) matrisli hammadde geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen biyokompozit hammaddeden eriyik birleştirme yöntemi (FFF) kullanılarak iki farklı dolgu geometrisinde çekme numuneleri üretilmiş ve mekanik performansları araştırılmıştır. En yüksek çekme dayanımı ortalama %20 artış göstermiştir. Üretilen numuneler optik ve yüzey elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelenmiştir. Ara yüzey etkileşimleri ve fiberlerin homojen olarak dağılması oldukça önemli olup, araştırılmıştır. Çift vidalı bir ekstrüzyon cihazı kullanılmasına rağmen, yüzey geçişleri arasında boşluklar tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum yapısal performansı olumsuz olarak etkilemiştir. Ayrıca kenevir eklenmesi, termal direnci ve kaynama noktasını düşürmekte ve camsı geçiş sıcaklığını yükseltmektedir.

Keywords

• Kenevirle güçlendirilmiş polylaktik asit kompozit
• Eriyik filaman üretimi
• Biyokompozit
• Eklemeli imalat
• Filament üretimi

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