Investigation of Molecular Compounds in Kumquat (Fortunella Spp.) Peel via Raman Spectroscopy

Year 2026, Volume: 54 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 31.12.2025

Hümeyra Yıldırım , Işıl Tulum , Ayşe Erol , Fahrettin Sarcan

https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.1729832

Abstract

In this study, Raman spectroscopy is employed to investigate the chemical compounds of kumquat peels and compared that of orange. Kumquat is a citrus fruit belonging to the genus Fortunella in family Rutaceae. It is observed that kumquat peel has 3 main Raman active characteristic vibration modes specified to carotenoids, which is dominated by β-carotene at 1007, 1158 and 1526 cm-1, as it is well known for orange. The carotenoid distribution within the cross-section of kumquat is also investigated. The carotenoid-related Raman vibration modes are relatively stronger on the peel of kumquat, which is an important finding especially for the fruits that can be eaten with its peel. Our results pave the way to take an attention for the importance of kumquat as being a fruit that can be grown up in different climates compared to orange, which grow in warm climates.

Keywords

Kumquat , citrus peels , functional components , Raman spectroscopy , spectral mapping , carotenoid

Supporting Institution

This work was supported in part by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University (FBG-2022-38573, FBG-2021-37896).

Kamkat (Fortunella Spp.) Kabuğundaki Moleküler Bileşiklerin Raman Spektroskopisi ile İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Raman spektroskopisi kullanılarak kamkat kabuklarının kimyasal bileşenleri araştırılmış ve portakal kabukları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Kamkat, Rutaceae familyasından Fortunella cinsine ait bir turunçgil meyvesidir. Kamkat kabuğunun, portakal için iyi bilindiği gibi 1007, 1158 ve 1526 cm-1'de β-karoten tarafından domine edilen karotenoidlere özgü 3 ana Raman aktif karakteristik titreşim moduna sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Kamkatın enine kesiti içindeki karotenoid dağılımı da araştırılmıştır. Karotenoidle ilişkili Raman titreşim modları kamkatın kabuğunda nispeten daha güçlüdür, bu da özellikle kabuğuyla yenebilen meyveler için önemli bir bulgudur. Sonuçlarımız, sıcak iklimlerde yetişen portakala kıyasla kamkatın farklı iklimlerde yetişebilen bir meyve olmasının önemine dikkat çekmektedir.

Keywords

Kamkat , turunçgil kabukları , fonksiyonel bileşenler , raman spektroskopisi , spektral haritalama , karotenoid.

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma, İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından kısmen desteklenmiştir (FBG-2022-38573, FBG-2021-37896).

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