Simultaneous Determination of Three Phenolic Compounds in Water Samples by Pre-column Derivatization Coupled with Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 46 Sayı: 2, 147 - 157, 03.06.2018
Adem Asan
,
M.umut Konanç
Bedia Akmeşe
Öz
I
n this study, a sensitive and accurate method for simultaneous separation and determination of three
phenolic compounds (phenol, m-cresol and resorcinol) in water by revesed-phase high performance
liquid chromatography using uv-visible detection has been described. Pre-column derivatization with
4-aminoantipyrine is used for the seperation and determination phenol, m-cresol and resorcinol in water. The
derivatives formed within 5 min were extracted with chloroform and then analyzed by liquid chromatography
with UV-visible detection at 440 nm. Chromatographic separation was performed using a reversed-phase
column and acetonitrile-water (45:55%, v/v) as the mobile phase. The three derivatives were elueted in 13 min.
The detection limits of phenol, m-cresol and resorcinol in a standard water sample were between 0.07 and 0.09
μg.L-1 for 100 mL respectively. The recoveries of the derivatives from pure water were betweeen 97.1-102.3%
within relative standard deviations of 2.3-4.7%. The method was applied to the analysis of phenols in different
water samples.
Kaynakça
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- A. Penalver, E. Pocurrull, F. Borrull, R.M. Marce, Solidphase microextraction coupled to high-performance liguid chromatography to determine phenolic compounds in water samples, J. Chromatogr. A, 953 (2002) 79-87.
- H. Xu, Y. Liao, J. Yao, Development of a novel ultrasound-assisted head-space liquid-phase microextraction and its application to the analysis of chlorophenols in real aqueous samples, J. Chromatogr. A, 1167 (2007) 1-8.
- EPA. Methad 604, Phenols, Part VIII, 40 CFR part 136. US Environmental Protection Agecy, 26 july 2014.
- M. L. Barrico, C. Nabais, M.J. Martins, H. Freitas, Sources of phenolic compounds in two catchments of southern Potugal-effect of season, land use and soil type, Chemosphere, 65 (2006) 482-488.
- A.R. Sousa, M.A. Trancoso, Validation of an environmental friendly segmented flow method for the determination of phenol index in waters as alternative to the conventional one, Talanta, 79 (2009) 769-803.
- S. Lacorte, A. Latorre, D. Barcelo, A. Rigol, A. Malmiqvist, T. Welander, Organic compounds in papwer-mill process waters and effluents, Trends Anal. Chem., 22 (2003) 725-737.
- J. Michalowich, W. Duda, Phenols-sources and toxicity, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 16 (2007) 347-362.
- K.O. Lupetti, F.R.P. Rocha, O. Fatibello-Filho, An immproved flow system for phenols determination explieting multicommutation and long pathlength spectrophotometry, Talanta, 62 (2004) 463-469.
- A. Asan, I. Isildak, Determination of major phenolic compounds in water by reversed-phase liquid chromatography after pre-column derivatization with benzoyl chloride. J. Chromatogr. A, 988 (2003) 145- 149.
- L. Zhao, K.H. Lee, Determination of phenols in water using.Liquid phase microextraction with back extraction combined with high-prformance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 931 (2001) 95-105.
- H. Bagheri, A. Mohammadi, A. Salemi, On-line trace enrichment of phenolic compounds from water using a pyrrole-based polymer as the solid-phase extraction sorbent coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, Anal. Chim. Acta, 513 (2004) 445-449.
- G. Marrubini, E. Calleri, T. Coccini, A.F. Castoldi, L. Manzo, Direct analysis of phenol, catechol and hydroquinone in human urine by coupled-column HPLC with fluorimetric detection, Chromatographia, 62 (2005) 25-31.
- N. Sharma, A. Jain, V. Kumari Singh, K.K. Verma, Solid-phase extraction combined with headspace single-drop microextraction of chlorophenols as their methyl ethers and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, Talanta, 83 (2011) 994-999.
- M.C. Alcudia-León, R. Lucena, S. Cárdenas, M. Valcárcel. Determination of phenols in waters by stir membrane liquid-liquid-liquid micro extraction coupled to liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 1218 (2011) 2176-2181.
- Y. Huang, W.W. Lu, B. Chen, M. Wu, S.G. Li, Determination of 13 phenolic compounds in rice wine by high-performance liquid chromatography, Food Anal. Methods, 8 (2015) 825-832.
- R.G. Dolatto, I. Messerschmidt, B.F. Pereira, R. Martinazzo, G. Abate, Preconcentration of polar phenolic compounds from water samples and soil extract by liquid-phase micro extraction and determination via liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, Talanta, 148 (2016) 292-300.
- L. Montero, S. Conradi, H. Weiss, P. Popp, Determination of phenols in lake and ground water samples by stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1071 (2005) 163-169.
- H. Faraji, M.S.Tehrani, S.W. Husain, Pre-concentration of phenolic compounds in water samples by novel liquid-liquid microextraction and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1216 (2009) 8569-8574.
- J.A. Padilla-Sánces, P. Plaza-Bolaños, R. RomeroGonzález, N. Barco-Bonilla, J.L. Martínez-Vidal, A. Garrido-Frenich, Simultaneous analysis of chlorophenols, alkylphenols, nitrophenols and cresols in wastewater effluents, using solid phase extraction and further determination by gas chromatographytandem mass spectrometry, Talanta, 85 (2011) 2397- 2404.
- H. Ghorbanpour, A. Yadeghari, L. Khoshmaram, M.A. Farajzadeh, Air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction for simultaneous derivatization, extraction, and preconcentration of some phenolic compounds. Anal. Methods, 6 (2014) 7733-7743.
- Y.C. Fiamegos, A-P. Kefala, C.D. Stalikas, Ion-pair single-drop microextraction versus phase-transfer catalytic extraction for the gas chromatographic determination of phenols as tosylated derivatives, J. Chromatogr. A, 1190 (2009) 44-51.
- E.L.B. Lourenço, A. Ferreira, E. Pinto, M. Yonamine, S.H.P. Farsky, On-fiber derivatization of SPME extracts of phenol, hydroquinone and catechol with GC-MS detection, Chromatographia, 62 (2006) 175- 179.
- W. Wei, X. Yin, X. He, pH-mediated dual-cloud point extraction as a preconcentration and clean-up technique for capillary electrophoresis determination of phenol and m-nitrophenol, J. Chromatogr. A, 1202 (2008) 212-215.
- T. Li, Q. Jia, L. Song, R. Su, Y. Lei, W. Zhou, H. Li, Coupling poly-(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith micro extraction to capillary electrophoresis for the determination of phenols in water samples. Talanta, 78 (2009) 1497-1502.
- L. Zhu, H.K. Ee., L. Zhao, H.K. Lee, Analysis of phenoxy herbicides in bovine milk by means of liquid-liquid micro extraction with a hollow-fiber membrane. J. Chromatogr. A, 963 (2002) 335-343.
- W.L. Chen, G.S. Wang, J.C. Gwo, C.Y. Chen, Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry determination of feminizing chemicals in river water, sediment and tissue pretreated using disk-type solid-phase extraction and matrix solidphase
dispersion, Talanta, 89 (2012) 237-245.
- E. Morita, E. Nakamura, Solid-phase extraction of antipyrine dye for spectrophotometric determination of phenolic compounds in water, Anal. Sci., 27 (2011) 489-492.
- S.R. Tambe, R.H. Shinde, L.R. Gupta, V. Pareek, S.B. Bhalerao, Development of lle and spe procedures and its applications for determination of olmesartan in human plasma using RP-HPLC and HPTLC. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 33 (2010) 423-430.
- Topic Q2A, Validation of analytical Procedures, Methodology, International Conference on Harmonization, Brussels, Belgium, 1995.
- C.M. Riley, T.W. Rosanske, Development and validation analytical methods, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 46 Sayı: 2, 147 - 157, 03.06.2018
Adem Asan
,
M.umut Konanç
Bedia Akmeşe
Kaynakça
- M.L. Soto, A. Moure, H. Domínguez, J.C. Parajó, Recovery, concentration and purification of phenolic compounds by adsorption: a review, J. Food Eng., 105 (2011) 1-27.
- A. Penalver, E. Pocurrull, F. Borrull, R.M. Marce, Solidphase microextraction coupled to high-performance liguid chromatography to determine phenolic compounds in water samples, J. Chromatogr. A, 953 (2002) 79-87.
- H. Xu, Y. Liao, J. Yao, Development of a novel ultrasound-assisted head-space liquid-phase microextraction and its application to the analysis of chlorophenols in real aqueous samples, J. Chromatogr. A, 1167 (2007) 1-8.
- EPA. Methad 604, Phenols, Part VIII, 40 CFR part 136. US Environmental Protection Agecy, 26 july 2014.
- M. L. Barrico, C. Nabais, M.J. Martins, H. Freitas, Sources of phenolic compounds in two catchments of southern Potugal-effect of season, land use and soil type, Chemosphere, 65 (2006) 482-488.
- A.R. Sousa, M.A. Trancoso, Validation of an environmental friendly segmented flow method for the determination of phenol index in waters as alternative to the conventional one, Talanta, 79 (2009) 769-803.
- S. Lacorte, A. Latorre, D. Barcelo, A. Rigol, A. Malmiqvist, T. Welander, Organic compounds in papwer-mill process waters and effluents, Trends Anal. Chem., 22 (2003) 725-737.
- J. Michalowich, W. Duda, Phenols-sources and toxicity, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 16 (2007) 347-362.
- K.O. Lupetti, F.R.P. Rocha, O. Fatibello-Filho, An immproved flow system for phenols determination explieting multicommutation and long pathlength spectrophotometry, Talanta, 62 (2004) 463-469.
- A. Asan, I. Isildak, Determination of major phenolic compounds in water by reversed-phase liquid chromatography after pre-column derivatization with benzoyl chloride. J. Chromatogr. A, 988 (2003) 145- 149.
- L. Zhao, K.H. Lee, Determination of phenols in water using.Liquid phase microextraction with back extraction combined with high-prformance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 931 (2001) 95-105.
- H. Bagheri, A. Mohammadi, A. Salemi, On-line trace enrichment of phenolic compounds from water using a pyrrole-based polymer as the solid-phase extraction sorbent coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, Anal. Chim. Acta, 513 (2004) 445-449.
- G. Marrubini, E. Calleri, T. Coccini, A.F. Castoldi, L. Manzo, Direct analysis of phenol, catechol and hydroquinone in human urine by coupled-column HPLC with fluorimetric detection, Chromatographia, 62 (2005) 25-31.
- N. Sharma, A. Jain, V. Kumari Singh, K.K. Verma, Solid-phase extraction combined with headspace single-drop microextraction of chlorophenols as their methyl ethers and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, Talanta, 83 (2011) 994-999.
- M.C. Alcudia-León, R. Lucena, S. Cárdenas, M. Valcárcel. Determination of phenols in waters by stir membrane liquid-liquid-liquid micro extraction coupled to liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 1218 (2011) 2176-2181.
- Y. Huang, W.W. Lu, B. Chen, M. Wu, S.G. Li, Determination of 13 phenolic compounds in rice wine by high-performance liquid chromatography, Food Anal. Methods, 8 (2015) 825-832.
- R.G. Dolatto, I. Messerschmidt, B.F. Pereira, R. Martinazzo, G. Abate, Preconcentration of polar phenolic compounds from water samples and soil extract by liquid-phase micro extraction and determination via liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, Talanta, 148 (2016) 292-300.
- L. Montero, S. Conradi, H. Weiss, P. Popp, Determination of phenols in lake and ground water samples by stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1071 (2005) 163-169.
- H. Faraji, M.S.Tehrani, S.W. Husain, Pre-concentration of phenolic compounds in water samples by novel liquid-liquid microextraction and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1216 (2009) 8569-8574.
- J.A. Padilla-Sánces, P. Plaza-Bolaños, R. RomeroGonzález, N. Barco-Bonilla, J.L. Martínez-Vidal, A. Garrido-Frenich, Simultaneous analysis of chlorophenols, alkylphenols, nitrophenols and cresols in wastewater effluents, using solid phase extraction and further determination by gas chromatographytandem mass spectrometry, Talanta, 85 (2011) 2397- 2404.
- H. Ghorbanpour, A. Yadeghari, L. Khoshmaram, M.A. Farajzadeh, Air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction for simultaneous derivatization, extraction, and preconcentration of some phenolic compounds. Anal. Methods, 6 (2014) 7733-7743.
- Y.C. Fiamegos, A-P. Kefala, C.D. Stalikas, Ion-pair single-drop microextraction versus phase-transfer catalytic extraction for the gas chromatographic determination of phenols as tosylated derivatives, J. Chromatogr. A, 1190 (2009) 44-51.
- E.L.B. Lourenço, A. Ferreira, E. Pinto, M. Yonamine, S.H.P. Farsky, On-fiber derivatization of SPME extracts of phenol, hydroquinone and catechol with GC-MS detection, Chromatographia, 62 (2006) 175- 179.
- W. Wei, X. Yin, X. He, pH-mediated dual-cloud point extraction as a preconcentration and clean-up technique for capillary electrophoresis determination of phenol and m-nitrophenol, J. Chromatogr. A, 1202 (2008) 212-215.
- T. Li, Q. Jia, L. Song, R. Su, Y. Lei, W. Zhou, H. Li, Coupling poly-(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith micro extraction to capillary electrophoresis for the determination of phenols in water samples. Talanta, 78 (2009) 1497-1502.
- L. Zhu, H.K. Ee., L. Zhao, H.K. Lee, Analysis of phenoxy herbicides in bovine milk by means of liquid-liquid micro extraction with a hollow-fiber membrane. J. Chromatogr. A, 963 (2002) 335-343.
- W.L. Chen, G.S. Wang, J.C. Gwo, C.Y. Chen, Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry determination of feminizing chemicals in river water, sediment and tissue pretreated using disk-type solid-phase extraction and matrix solidphase
dispersion, Talanta, 89 (2012) 237-245.
- E. Morita, E. Nakamura, Solid-phase extraction of antipyrine dye for spectrophotometric determination of phenolic compounds in water, Anal. Sci., 27 (2011) 489-492.
- S.R. Tambe, R.H. Shinde, L.R. Gupta, V. Pareek, S.B. Bhalerao, Development of lle and spe procedures and its applications for determination of olmesartan in human plasma using RP-HPLC and HPTLC. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 33 (2010) 423-430.
- Topic Q2A, Validation of analytical Procedures, Methodology, International Conference on Harmonization, Brussels, Belgium, 1995.
- C.M. Riley, T.W. Rosanske, Development and validation analytical methods, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.