Konum belirleme teknolojilerinde yenilikçi yaklaşımlar: LoRaWAN

Öz

Nesnelerin İnterneti (Internet of Things, IoT) kavramı içerisinde insanların ihtiyaçlarına cevap verebilecek birçok uygulama bulunmaktadır. Konum Tabanlı Hizmetler (Location-Based Services, LBS) ve bunlara bağlı olarak geliştirilen uygulamalar bu ihtiyaçlar içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Küresel anlamda konum hizmeti sağlayan en önemli teknoloji Küresel Navigasyon Uydu Sistemleri (Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS) teknolojisidir. GNSS teknolojisi birçok alanda kullanılmakla birlikte aynı zamanda birçok sektörde vazgeçilmez bir durumdadır. GNSS teknolojisi, LBS uygulamalarının birçoğunda dolayısıyla IoT kavramı içerisinde de yer almaktadır. GNSS teknolojisinin sunduğu hizmetlerin sağladığı birçok avantaj olmasına rağmen bu teknolojinin bazı zayıf yönleri vardır. GNSS teknolojisinin özellikle IoT uygulamaları için maliyetli oluşuyla birlikte enerji verimliliğiyle ilgili problemler, kapalı alanlarda iyi performans verememesi gibi bazı dezavantajlı durumları görülmektedir. Bu durum ise GNSS’in dezavantajlı taraflarını giderebilecek yeni teknolojilerin gelişmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu teknolojilerden biri de LoRaWAN teknolojisidir. Son yıllarda özellikle IoT uygulamaları için oldukça popüler olan ve tercih edilen, veri iletiminde uzun menzil avantajı, enerji verimliliği ve maliyetiyle ön planda olan bu teknoloji konum belirleme konusunda araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada GNSS dışında yenilikçi başkaca konum belirleme sistemleri içerisinde yer alabilme potansiyeli olan LoRaWAN teknolojisi araştırılmış, güçlü ve zayıf yönleri ortaya konulmuş ve bu teknolojinin geleceğiyle ilgili öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• GNSS
• LoRaWAN
• Konum belirleme
• IoT

Innovative approaches in positioning technologies: LoRaWAN

Öz

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept with many potential applications that could address people’s needs. Location-Based Services (LBS) and applications developed based on them have an important place in meeting these needs. The most significant technology providing global location services is Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). GNSS technology has proven indispensable across numerous domains and sectors, having been incorporated into a variety of LBS applications and, consequently, within the broader context of the IoT. However, despite its numerous advantages, its inherent limitations, particularly in the context of IoT applications, include significant costs, energy efficiency issues, and suboptimal performance indoors. This situation enables the development of new technologies that can eliminate the disadvantages of GNSS. One such technology is LoRaWAN. This technology, which has become particularly popular and preferred in recent years, especially for IoT applications, is attracting the attention of researchers in the field of positioning due to its long-range data transmission advantages, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, LoRaWAN technology, which has the potential to be included in other innovative positioning systems other than GNSS, was investigated, its strengths and weaknesses were revealed, and suggestions for the future of this technology were presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• GNSS
• LoRaWAN
• Positioning
• IoT

Kaynakça

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