The Effects of Probiotic Microorganisms in Cell Culture Against Enteroinvasive Pathogens

Öz

Purpose: Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms that help maintain the host's health when consumed in sufficient quantities.” For this reason, research into their use in various fields, both therapeutically and prophylactically, has been ongoing for many years. It is known that gastroenteritis caused by enteroinvasive pathogens is treated with antibiotics; however, the negative effect of antibiotic therapy on the flora and the problem of developing resistance to antibiotics have brought new treatment approaches to the forefront. Materials and Methods: In this study, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces boulardii were used with artificial colon epithelial cells to elucidate the mechanisms of action of probiotics against Salmonella Typhi and Shigella dysenteria, which cause intestinal epithelial damage. The proliferation of cell cultures was evaluated over time and in culture media. Findings: In the first stage of the study conducted to understand the effectiveness of probiotic microorganisms and soluble products on pathogenic bacteria, it was observed that probiotics did not form an inhibition zone against pathogenic microorganisms on Müller Hinton plates. In the second stage of the study, which focused on wound healing and cell proliferation, it was observed that L. acidophilus alone had no effect on proliferation, but S. boulardii alone increased the proliferation of damaged cells in the direction of healing compared to the control group. When examining the pathogenicity of S. Typhi and S. dysenteria, which are known for their destructive effect in infection models, it was observed that L. acidophilus accelerated wound healing in combination with S. Typhi compared to the control, while it had no effect on wound healing in combination with S. dysenteria. S. boulardii, however, was unable to prevent the destructive effect caused by equal amounts of S. Typhi and S. dysenteria at the bacterial doses used. Conclusion: The effect of probiotics on acute infectious, invasive bacterial diarrhea is unclear. Although statistically significant results were obtained, more randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether they are clinically significant..

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Probiotic
• enteroinvasive
• Salmonella Typhi
• Shigella dysenteriae
• Saccharomyces boulardii
• Lactobacillus acidophilus

Enteroinvazif Patojenlere Karşı Probiyotik Mikroorganizmaların Hücre Kültüründeki Etkileri

Öz

Amaç: Probiyotikler “yeterli miktarda alımı sonucu konağın sağlıklı kalmasına yardımcı olan canlı mikroorganizmalar” olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu sebeple uzun yıllardır gerek terapötik gerekse profilaktik olarak çeşitli alanlarda kullanımına yönelik araştırmalar sürdürülmektedir. Enteroinvazif patojenlerle oluşan gastroenteritlerin antibiyotiklerle tedavi edildiği bilinmekte ancak antibiyoterapinin flora üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi, antibiyotiklere karşı gelişen direnç sorunu yeni tedavi arayışlarını gündeme getirmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, bağırsak epitel hasarına neden olan; Salmonella Typhi ve Shigella dysenteria’ya karşı probiyotiklerin etki mekanizmalarını aydınlatmak adına; Lactobacillus acidophilus ve Saccharomyces boulardii ile yapay kalın barsak epitel hücreleri kullanıldı. Hücre kültürünün proliferasyonu değerlendirmesi zaman ve kültür ortamları ile yapıldı. Bulgular: Probiyotik mikroorganizmaların ve solubl ürünlerinin patojen bakteriler üzerine etkinliğini anlamak için yapılan çalışmanın ilk basamağında Müller Hinton plaklarında patojen mikroorganizmalara karşı, probiyotiklerin inhibisyon zonu oluşturmadığı görüldü. Çalışmanın ikinci basamağı olan yara iyileşmesi hücre proliferasyonu bölümünde, L. acidophilus’un tek başınayken proliferasyon üzerine etkisi olmadığı fakat S. boulardii’nin tek başınayken kontrol grubuna kıyasla hasarlı hücrenin proliferasyonunu iyileşme yönünde arttırdığı görülmüştür. Enfeksiyon modelinde destrüktif etkisiyle bilinen S. Typhi ve S. dysenteria’nın patojenitesinin azalıp azalmadığına L. acidophilus ve S. boulardii eşliğinde bakıldığında ise L. acidophilus’un S. Typhi ile olan kombinasyonunda kontrole göre yara iyileşmesini hızlandırdığı, S. dysenteria ile olan kombinasyonunda ise yara iyileşmesi üzerine etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. S. boulardii ise mevcut kullanılan bakteriyolojik miktarlar ile S. Typhi ve S. dysenteria’nın eşit miktarının yarattığı destrüktif etkiyi engelleyememiştir. Sonuç: Probiyotiklerin akut enfeksiyöz, invazif bakteriyel diyaredeki etkisi net değildir. Anlamlı istatistikler çıkmasına rağmen klinik öneme sahip olup olmadığını anlamak için daha çok randomize kontrollu çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Probiotic
• enteroinvasive
• Salmonella Typhi
• Shigella dysenteriae
• Saccharomyces boulardii
• Lactobacillus acidophilus

Kaynakça

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