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USE OF TELE-MEDICINE IN PRE-HOSPITAL EMERGENCY HEALTHCARE

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 123 - 140, 27.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1062130

Öz

In these years when we are in the age of information and technology, the rapid development of communication technologies causes radical changes people’s cultural, social, educational and health needs. When we look at the field of medicine, new concepts have emerged as a result of the changes and developments. Tele-medicine is one of these concepts. Telemedicine; is defined as the use of electronic information and communication technologies in order to ensure the continuity, support and continuity of medical services when and where geographical differences are a problem. These technologies eliminate the concept of time and distance in case response in EMS and equalize geographical differences. Thanks to the tele-medicine used while providing services in EMS in Turkey and in the world, service provision becomes more practical and it is beneficial in terms of time. With this study, it is aimed to explain that integrating the tele-medicine system into the EMS can provide maximum benefit in the intervention of the sick and injured. The study is important in terms of shortening the appropriate treatment process that the patient-injured must reach, and thus showing that irreversible damage can be prevented thanks to tele-medicine.

Kaynakça

  • Aksoy, F, Ergün, A. (2002). Acil Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Ambulansın Yeri. Ulusal Travma Dergisi, 8(3), 160-163.
  • Amadi-Obi, A, Gilligan, P, Owens, N, O’donnell, C. (2014). Telemedicine In Pre-Hospital Care: A Review Of Telemedicine Applications In the Pre-Hospital Environment. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 7(1), 1-11.
  • Anadolu Ajansı, (2019). TURK-MI Araştırma Verileri. Web Site. https://www.ntv.com.tr/saglik/kalp-krizi-geciren-ozel-aracla-degil-ambulanslahastaneye-gitmeli,Pm0IhrwJeUynegZmD4XGCw, 23.04.2021.
  • Aslan, Ş, Güzel, AGŞ. (2018). Türkiye'deki Hastane Öncesi Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Pre-Hospıtal Emergency Health Servıces In Turkey. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 5(31), 4995-5002.
  • Ashkenazi, I, Haspel, J, Alfici, R, Kessel, B, Khashan, T, Oren, M. (2007). Effect of Teleradiology Upon Pattern of Transfer of Head Injured Patients From A Rural General Hospital to A Neurosurgical Referral Centre. Emergency Medicine Journal, 24(8), 550-552.
  • Aygün, CS. (2007). İnternet ve Etik: Örnek Uygulama Alanı Olarak Sağlık İletişimi. XII. “Türkiye’de İnternet” Konferansı 8-10 Kasım 2007, Ankara.
  • Ayvacı, BM, Özüçelik, DN. (2020). Afetler ve Hastane Öncesinde Teletıp Kullanımı. Journal of ADEM, 1(2), 53-61.
  • Bergrath, S, Czaplik, M, Rossaint, R, Hirsch, F, Beckers, SK, Valentin, B, et al. (2013). Implementation Phase of A Multicentre Prehospital Telemedicine System To Support Paramedics: Feasibility and Possible Limitations.
  • Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 21(1), 1-10.
  • Bilotta, M, Sigal, AP, Shah, A, Martin, A, Schlappy, DA, Sorensen, G, et al. (2020). A Novel Use of Prehospital Telemedicine to Decrease Door to Computed Tomography Results in Acute Strokes. The Journal for Healthcare Quality (JHQ), 42(5), 264-268.
  • Bostick N, Subbarao I, Burkle FJ, Hsu E, Armstrong J, James J. (2008). Disaster Triage Systems for Large-Scale Catastrophic Events. Disaster Med Public Health Prep.; 2(Suppl 1): S35-39.
  • Chu, Y, Ganz, A. (2004). A Mobile Teletrauma System Using 3g Networks. IEEE Transactions On Information Technology In Biomedicine, 8(4), 456-462.
  • Cicero, MX, Walsh, B, Solad, Y, Whitfill, T, Paesano, G, Kim, K, et al. (2015). Do You See What I See? Insights From Using Google Glass for Disaster Telemedicine Triage. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 30(1), 4.
  • De Bustos, EM, Vuillier, F, Chavot, D, Moulin, T. (2009). Telemedicine In Stroke: Organizing A Network–Rationale and Baseline Principles. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 27(Suppl. 4), 1-8.
  • De Luca, G, Suryapranata, H, Ottervanger, JP, Antman, EM. (2004). Time Delay To Treatment and Mortality In Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial İnfarction: Every Minute of Delay Counts. Circulation, 109(10), 1223-1225.
  • Demir, S. (2017). Hastane Öncesinde Çalışan Paramediklerin Telefonla Danışman Hekimden İlaç Onayı Almalarının Değerlendirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Konya.
  • De Waure, C, Cadeddu, C, Gualano, MR, Ricciardi, W. (2012). Telemedicine for the Reduction of Myocardial Infarction Mortality: A Systematic Review and A Meta-Analysis of Published Studies. Telemedicine And E-Health, 18(5), 323-328.
  • Del Zoppo, GJ, Saver, JL, Jauch, EC, Adams HP. (2009). Expansion of the Time Window For Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke With Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 40(8), 2945-2948.
  • Eder, PA., Reime, B, Wurmb, T, Kippnich, U, Shammas, L, Rashid, A. (2018). Prehospital Telemedical Emergency Management of Severely Injured Trauma Patients. Methods of Information In Medicine, 57(05/06), 231-242.
  • Ekşi, A. (2016). Kitlesel Olaylarda Hastane Öncesi Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Yönetimi. Kitapana Yayınevi. İzmir.
  • French, B, Day, E, Watkins, C, McLoughlin, A, Fitzgerald, J, Leathley, M, et al. (2013). The Challenges of İmplementing A Telestroke Network: A Systematic Review And Case Study. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 13(1), 1-9.
  • Gao, T, Greenspan, D, Welsh, M, Juang, RR, Alm, A. (2006). Vital Signs Monitoring And Patient Tracking Over A Wireless Network. In 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference (pp. 102-105). IEEE. Geisler, F, Kunz, A, Winter, B, Rozanski, M, Waldschmidt, C, Weber, JE, et al. (2019). Stroke Emergency Mobile (STEMO) Consortium. Telemedicine In Prehospital Acute Stroke Care. Journal of the American Heart Association, 8(6), e011729.
  • Gregory, ME, Sonesh, SC, Hughes, AM, Marttos, A, Schulman, CI, Salas, E. (2021). Using Telemedicine In Mass Casualty Disasters. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 15(2), 208-215.
  • Gülkesen, H. Oysul, K, (2007). Tıp Bilişimi Derneği Çalışma Grupları Sonuç Raporu, s: 63-78.
  • Halidi, G, Can, R, Kadıoğlu, FG. (2012). Hastane Öncesi Alanda Bilgi-İletişim Teknolojileri Kullanımında Ortaya Çıkan Etik Sorunlar. Türkiye Biyoetik Derneği.
  • Istepanian, RS, Jovanov, E, Zhang, YT. (2004). Guest Editorial İntroduction To The Special Section On M-Health: Beyond Seamless Mobility And Global Wireless Health-Care Connectivity. IEEE Transactions On Information Technology In Biomedicine, 8(4), 405-414.
  • Işık, A, Güler, İ. (2010). Teletıpta Mobil Uygulama Çalışması ve Mobil İletişim Teknolojilerinin Analizi. International Journal of InformaticsTechnologies, 3(1).
  • Johnson, NB, Hayes, lD, Brown, K, Hoo, EC, Ethier, KA. (2014). CDC National Health Report: Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality and Associated Behavioral Risk And Protective Factors-United States, 2005–2013.
  • Krishnamurthi, RV, Feigin, VL, Forouzanfar, MH, Mensah, GA, Connor, M, Bennett, DA, et al. (2013). Global And Regional Burden of First-Ever İschaemic and Haemorrhagic Stroke During 1990–2010: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet Global Health, 1(5), 259-281.
  • Kurban, T. (2006). Kablosuz Taşınabilir Uzaktan Sağlık İzleme Sistemi: Mobil Sağlık Danışmanı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Kayseri.
  • Langabeer, JR., II, MG, Alqusairi, D, Champagne-Langabeer, T, Jackson, A, Mikhail, J, Persse, D. (2016). Telehealth-Enabled Emergency Medical Services Program Reduces Ambulance Transport to Urban Emergency Departments. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17(6), 713.
  • Latifi, R, Weinstein, RS, Porter, JM, Ziemba, M, Judkins, D, Ridings, D, et al. (2007). Telemedicine and Telepresence for Trauma And Emergency Care Management. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery, 96(4), 281-289.
  • Liman, TG, Winter, B, Waldschmidt, C, Zerbe, N, Hufnagl, P, Audebert, HJ, et al. (2012). Telestroke ambulances In Prehospital Stroke Management: Concept and Pilot Fasibility Study. Stroke, 43(8), 2086-2090.
  • Lin, CB, Peterson, ED, Smith, EE, Saver, JL, Liang, L, Xian, Y, et al. (2012). Patterns, Predictors, Yariations, And Temporal Trends In Emergency Medical Service Hospital Prenotification for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Journal of the American Heart Association, 1(4), e002345.
  • Lippman, JM, Smith, SNC, McMurry, TL, Sutton, ZG, Gunnell, BS, Cote, J. et al. (2016). Mobile Telestroke During Ambulance Transport Is Feasible In A Rural Ems Setting: The Itreat Study. Telemedicine And E-Health, 22(6), 507-513.
  • Lozano, R, Naghavi, M, Foreman, K, Lim, S, Shibuya, K, Aboyans, V, ve ark. (2012). Global And Regional Mortality From 235 Causes of Death For 20 Age Groups In 1990 and 2010: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 380(9859), 2095-2128.
  • Mair, F, McClusky, C, Wilsgaard, T, & Wootton, R. (2011). The Added Value of Video For Consultations In Telemedicine for Minor Injuries Work. Journal of Telemedicine And Telecare, 17(8), 427-431.
  • Moskowitz, A, Chan, YFY, Bruns, J, & Levine, SR. (2010). Emergency Physician And Stroke Specialist Beliefs and Expectations Regarding Telestroke. Stroke, 41(4), 805-809.
  • Musoğlu, E, Kitapçı, ME, & Çalıkoğlu, T. (2001). İkibinli Yıllar Türkiyesi’nde Sağlıkta Bilgi Stratejileri; Tıp Bilişimi Derneği Çalışma Grupları Sonuç Raporu. Tübitak Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Nelson, RE, Saltzman, GM, Skalabrin, EJ, Demaerschalk, BM, Majersik, JJ. (2011). The Cost-Effectiveness of Telestroke In The Treatment of Acute İschemic Stroke. Neurology, 77(17), 1590-1598.
  • Nager, AL, & Khanna, K. (2009). Emergency Department Surge: Models And Practical İmplications. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 67(2), S96-S99.
  • Navarro, EV, Mas, JR, Navajas, JF, Alcega, CP. (2005). Enhanced 3g-Based M-Health System. In Eurocon 2005-The International Conference On" Computer As A Tool" (Vol. 2, pp. 1332-1335). IEEE.
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HASTANE ÖNCESİ ACİL SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE TELETIP KULLANIMI

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 123 - 140, 27.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1062130

Öz

Bilgi ve teknoloji çağında olduğumuz bu yıllarda, iletişim teknolojilerinin hızla gelişmesi insanların kültürel, sosyal, eğitim ve sağlık alanlarındaki ihtiyaçlarında köklü değişimlere sebep olmaktadır. Tıp alanına baktığımızda yaşanan değişim ve gelişmeler sonucu yeni kavramlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Tele-tıp bu kavramların başında gelmektedir. Tele-tıp; coğrafi farkların sorun olduğu zaman ve mekanlarda tıp hizmetinin aksamaması, desteklenmesi ve devamlılığının sağlanması için elektronik bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanılması olarak tanımlanır. Bu teknolojiler EMS’de vaka müdahalesinde zaman ve mesafe kavramını ortadan kaldırmakta coğrafi farklılıkları eşitlemektedir. Türkiye ve dünyada EMS’de hizmet verirken kullanılan tele-tıp sayesinde hizmet sunumu daha pratik hale gelmekte ve zaman açısından fayda görülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile tele-tıp sisteminin EMS sistemine entegre edilmesinin hasta ve yaralılara müdahalede maximum yarar sağlayabileceği anlatılmak amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma tele-tıp sayesinde hasta-yaralının ulaşması gereken uygun tedavi sürecinin kısaltılabilmesi ve bu sayede geri dönüşümsüz hasarların önlenebileceğinin gösterilmesi açısından önemlidir.

Kaynakça

  • Aksoy, F, Ergün, A. (2002). Acil Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Ambulansın Yeri. Ulusal Travma Dergisi, 8(3), 160-163.
  • Amadi-Obi, A, Gilligan, P, Owens, N, O’donnell, C. (2014). Telemedicine In Pre-Hospital Care: A Review Of Telemedicine Applications In the Pre-Hospital Environment. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 7(1), 1-11.
  • Anadolu Ajansı, (2019). TURK-MI Araştırma Verileri. Web Site. https://www.ntv.com.tr/saglik/kalp-krizi-geciren-ozel-aracla-degil-ambulanslahastaneye-gitmeli,Pm0IhrwJeUynegZmD4XGCw, 23.04.2021.
  • Aslan, Ş, Güzel, AGŞ. (2018). Türkiye'deki Hastane Öncesi Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Pre-Hospıtal Emergency Health Servıces In Turkey. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 5(31), 4995-5002.
  • Ashkenazi, I, Haspel, J, Alfici, R, Kessel, B, Khashan, T, Oren, M. (2007). Effect of Teleradiology Upon Pattern of Transfer of Head Injured Patients From A Rural General Hospital to A Neurosurgical Referral Centre. Emergency Medicine Journal, 24(8), 550-552.
  • Aygün, CS. (2007). İnternet ve Etik: Örnek Uygulama Alanı Olarak Sağlık İletişimi. XII. “Türkiye’de İnternet” Konferansı 8-10 Kasım 2007, Ankara.
  • Ayvacı, BM, Özüçelik, DN. (2020). Afetler ve Hastane Öncesinde Teletıp Kullanımı. Journal of ADEM, 1(2), 53-61.
  • Bergrath, S, Czaplik, M, Rossaint, R, Hirsch, F, Beckers, SK, Valentin, B, et al. (2013). Implementation Phase of A Multicentre Prehospital Telemedicine System To Support Paramedics: Feasibility and Possible Limitations.
  • Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 21(1), 1-10.
  • Bilotta, M, Sigal, AP, Shah, A, Martin, A, Schlappy, DA, Sorensen, G, et al. (2020). A Novel Use of Prehospital Telemedicine to Decrease Door to Computed Tomography Results in Acute Strokes. The Journal for Healthcare Quality (JHQ), 42(5), 264-268.
  • Bostick N, Subbarao I, Burkle FJ, Hsu E, Armstrong J, James J. (2008). Disaster Triage Systems for Large-Scale Catastrophic Events. Disaster Med Public Health Prep.; 2(Suppl 1): S35-39.
  • Chu, Y, Ganz, A. (2004). A Mobile Teletrauma System Using 3g Networks. IEEE Transactions On Information Technology In Biomedicine, 8(4), 456-462.
  • Cicero, MX, Walsh, B, Solad, Y, Whitfill, T, Paesano, G, Kim, K, et al. (2015). Do You See What I See? Insights From Using Google Glass for Disaster Telemedicine Triage. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 30(1), 4.
  • De Bustos, EM, Vuillier, F, Chavot, D, Moulin, T. (2009). Telemedicine In Stroke: Organizing A Network–Rationale and Baseline Principles. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 27(Suppl. 4), 1-8.
  • De Luca, G, Suryapranata, H, Ottervanger, JP, Antman, EM. (2004). Time Delay To Treatment and Mortality In Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial İnfarction: Every Minute of Delay Counts. Circulation, 109(10), 1223-1225.
  • Demir, S. (2017). Hastane Öncesinde Çalışan Paramediklerin Telefonla Danışman Hekimden İlaç Onayı Almalarının Değerlendirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Konya.
  • De Waure, C, Cadeddu, C, Gualano, MR, Ricciardi, W. (2012). Telemedicine for the Reduction of Myocardial Infarction Mortality: A Systematic Review and A Meta-Analysis of Published Studies. Telemedicine And E-Health, 18(5), 323-328.
  • Del Zoppo, GJ, Saver, JL, Jauch, EC, Adams HP. (2009). Expansion of the Time Window For Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke With Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 40(8), 2945-2948.
  • Eder, PA., Reime, B, Wurmb, T, Kippnich, U, Shammas, L, Rashid, A. (2018). Prehospital Telemedical Emergency Management of Severely Injured Trauma Patients. Methods of Information In Medicine, 57(05/06), 231-242.
  • Ekşi, A. (2016). Kitlesel Olaylarda Hastane Öncesi Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Yönetimi. Kitapana Yayınevi. İzmir.
  • French, B, Day, E, Watkins, C, McLoughlin, A, Fitzgerald, J, Leathley, M, et al. (2013). The Challenges of İmplementing A Telestroke Network: A Systematic Review And Case Study. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 13(1), 1-9.
  • Gao, T, Greenspan, D, Welsh, M, Juang, RR, Alm, A. (2006). Vital Signs Monitoring And Patient Tracking Over A Wireless Network. In 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference (pp. 102-105). IEEE. Geisler, F, Kunz, A, Winter, B, Rozanski, M, Waldschmidt, C, Weber, JE, et al. (2019). Stroke Emergency Mobile (STEMO) Consortium. Telemedicine In Prehospital Acute Stroke Care. Journal of the American Heart Association, 8(6), e011729.
  • Gregory, ME, Sonesh, SC, Hughes, AM, Marttos, A, Schulman, CI, Salas, E. (2021). Using Telemedicine In Mass Casualty Disasters. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 15(2), 208-215.
  • Gülkesen, H. Oysul, K, (2007). Tıp Bilişimi Derneği Çalışma Grupları Sonuç Raporu, s: 63-78.
  • Halidi, G, Can, R, Kadıoğlu, FG. (2012). Hastane Öncesi Alanda Bilgi-İletişim Teknolojileri Kullanımında Ortaya Çıkan Etik Sorunlar. Türkiye Biyoetik Derneği.
  • Istepanian, RS, Jovanov, E, Zhang, YT. (2004). Guest Editorial İntroduction To The Special Section On M-Health: Beyond Seamless Mobility And Global Wireless Health-Care Connectivity. IEEE Transactions On Information Technology In Biomedicine, 8(4), 405-414.
  • Işık, A, Güler, İ. (2010). Teletıpta Mobil Uygulama Çalışması ve Mobil İletişim Teknolojilerinin Analizi. International Journal of InformaticsTechnologies, 3(1).
  • Johnson, NB, Hayes, lD, Brown, K, Hoo, EC, Ethier, KA. (2014). CDC National Health Report: Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality and Associated Behavioral Risk And Protective Factors-United States, 2005–2013.
  • Krishnamurthi, RV, Feigin, VL, Forouzanfar, MH, Mensah, GA, Connor, M, Bennett, DA, et al. (2013). Global And Regional Burden of First-Ever İschaemic and Haemorrhagic Stroke During 1990–2010: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet Global Health, 1(5), 259-281.
  • Kurban, T. (2006). Kablosuz Taşınabilir Uzaktan Sağlık İzleme Sistemi: Mobil Sağlık Danışmanı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Kayseri.
  • Langabeer, JR., II, MG, Alqusairi, D, Champagne-Langabeer, T, Jackson, A, Mikhail, J, Persse, D. (2016). Telehealth-Enabled Emergency Medical Services Program Reduces Ambulance Transport to Urban Emergency Departments. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17(6), 713.
  • Latifi, R, Weinstein, RS, Porter, JM, Ziemba, M, Judkins, D, Ridings, D, et al. (2007). Telemedicine and Telepresence for Trauma And Emergency Care Management. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery, 96(4), 281-289.
  • Liman, TG, Winter, B, Waldschmidt, C, Zerbe, N, Hufnagl, P, Audebert, HJ, et al. (2012). Telestroke ambulances In Prehospital Stroke Management: Concept and Pilot Fasibility Study. Stroke, 43(8), 2086-2090.
  • Lin, CB, Peterson, ED, Smith, EE, Saver, JL, Liang, L, Xian, Y, et al. (2012). Patterns, Predictors, Yariations, And Temporal Trends In Emergency Medical Service Hospital Prenotification for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Journal of the American Heart Association, 1(4), e002345.
  • Lippman, JM, Smith, SNC, McMurry, TL, Sutton, ZG, Gunnell, BS, Cote, J. et al. (2016). Mobile Telestroke During Ambulance Transport Is Feasible In A Rural Ems Setting: The Itreat Study. Telemedicine And E-Health, 22(6), 507-513.
  • Lozano, R, Naghavi, M, Foreman, K, Lim, S, Shibuya, K, Aboyans, V, ve ark. (2012). Global And Regional Mortality From 235 Causes of Death For 20 Age Groups In 1990 and 2010: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 380(9859), 2095-2128.
  • Mair, F, McClusky, C, Wilsgaard, T, & Wootton, R. (2011). The Added Value of Video For Consultations In Telemedicine for Minor Injuries Work. Journal of Telemedicine And Telecare, 17(8), 427-431.
  • Moskowitz, A, Chan, YFY, Bruns, J, & Levine, SR. (2010). Emergency Physician And Stroke Specialist Beliefs and Expectations Regarding Telestroke. Stroke, 41(4), 805-809.
  • Musoğlu, E, Kitapçı, ME, & Çalıkoğlu, T. (2001). İkibinli Yıllar Türkiyesi’nde Sağlıkta Bilgi Stratejileri; Tıp Bilişimi Derneği Çalışma Grupları Sonuç Raporu. Tübitak Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Nelson, RE, Saltzman, GM, Skalabrin, EJ, Demaerschalk, BM, Majersik, JJ. (2011). The Cost-Effectiveness of Telestroke In The Treatment of Acute İschemic Stroke. Neurology, 77(17), 1590-1598.
  • Nager, AL, & Khanna, K. (2009). Emergency Department Surge: Models And Practical İmplications. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 67(2), S96-S99.
  • Navarro, EV, Mas, JR, Navajas, JF, Alcega, CP. (2005). Enhanced 3g-Based M-Health System. In Eurocon 2005-The International Conference On" Computer As A Tool" (Vol. 2, pp. 1332-1335). IEEE.
  • ÖZYARAL, O. (2005). Ambulans ve İlk Müdahalede Sterilizasyon Dezenfeksiyon, 4. Ulusal Sterilizasyon Dezenfeksiyon Kongresi, 344-374.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. 24046 sayılı Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Yönetmeliği (2000).
  • Sindel E. (2021). COVID-19 Virüs tedavileri kapsamında yaşanılan hukuki sorunlar hakkında bilgilendirme. Government Technology Web Site: http://temd.org.tr/uploads/covid-19-hukuk.pdf, 15 Mayıs 2021.
  • Sood, S, Mbarika, V, Jugoo, S, Dookhy, R, Doarn, CR, Prakash, N, Merrell, RC. (2007). What Is Telemedicine? A Collection of 104 Peer-Reviewed Perspectives and Theoretical Underpinnings. Telemedicine and e-Health 13(5): 573–590.
  • Su, XT, Wang, L, Ma, SM, Cao, Y, Yang, NN, Lin, LL, et al. (2020). Mechanisms Of Acupuncture In The Regulation of Oxidative Stress In Treating Ischemic Stroke. Oxidative Medicine And Cellular Longevity, 2020.
  • Switzer, JA, Hall, C, Gross, H, Waller, J, Nichols, FT, Wang, S, et al. (2009). A Web-Based Telestroke System Facilitates Rapid Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients In Rural Emergency Departments. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 36(1), 12-18.
  • Thygesen, K, Alpert, JS, White, HD, Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force For The Redefinition Of Myocardial Infarction. (2007). Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 50(22), 2173-2195.
  • TÜİK 2019. Ölüm ve ölüm nedeni istatistikleri. Web Site. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Olum-ve-Olum-Nedeni-Istatistikleri-2019-33710, 23.04.2021.
  • Van de Werf, F, Bax, J, Betriu, A, Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C, Crea, F, et al. (2008). Management Of Acute Myocardial Infarction In Patients Presenting With Persistent St-Segment Elevation: The Task Force On The Management of St-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction of The European Society of Cardiology. European Heart Journal, 29(23), 2909-2945.
  • Varol, MH. (2021). İskemik Serebrovasküler Olay ile Risk Faktörü Olarak Lipid Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Retrospektif Analizi. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi. Konya.
  • Vitacca, M, Mazzu, M, & Scalvini, S. (2009). Socio-technical and Organizational Challenges to Wider e-health Implementation. Chronic Respiratory Disease, 6(2), 91-97.
  • Waisman, T, Botelho, RV, BScc, SM, Oliveros, E, Cardenasf, C. (2012). The Future of Global STEMI Care. STEMI Interventions, An issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, 1, 623.
  • WHO (World Health Organization), 2010. Telemedicine: Opportunities And Developments In Member States: Report On The Second Global Survey On Ehealth: Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization, 2010 pp 93.
  • Zanini, R, Aroldi, M, Bonatti, S, Buffoli, F, Izzo, A, Lettieri, C, et al. (2008). Impact of Prehospital Diagnosis In The Management of St Elevation Myocardial Infarction In The Era of Primary Percutaneous Coronary İntervention: Reduction of Treatment Delay And Mortality. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine, 9(6), 570-575.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Acil Tıp
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Merve Arslan 0000-0001-6922-7447

Damla Akar Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0502-9916

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Nisan 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan, M., & Akar, D. (2022). HASTANE ÖNCESİ ACİL SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE TELETIP KULLANIMI. Hastane Öncesi Dergisi, 7(1), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.54409/hod.1062130