Troya’da Bulunan Son Tunç Çağı Kılıç Kabza Başları

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 13, 19 - 46, 15.05.2024

Rüstem Aslan , Fecri Polat

https://doi.org/10.37879/hoyuk.2024.1.019

Öz

Tunç Çağı kılıçlarının özellikleri, tipolojileri ve kullanım esasları ile ilgili önemli çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Fakat Batı Anadolu’daki en önemli Tunç Çağı merkezlerinden Troya’da ise söz konusu bu buluntular konusunda kapsamlı bir değerlendirme yapılmamıştır. Özellikle 150 yılı aşan Troya kazılarının hemen her döneminde ele geçirilen ve hiç de azımsanmayacak yoğunlukta bulunan mermer ve fildişi kılıç kabza başları hem bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmemiş hem de kısmen yanlış şekilde yorumlanmışlardır.
Troya 2019 kazı çalışmalarında daha önceki örneklerin aksine kale dışında da ele geçen kabza başı, söz konusu buluntuların yaygın kullanımına işaret etmektedir. 1871 Heinrich Schliemann kazılarından itibaren, son dönem kazılarına kadar Troya’da 21 tane kılıç kabza başı çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle 1988-2005 yıllarındaki M. O. Korfmann dönemi kazılarında bulunan ve yarı işlenmiş durumdaki kabza örneği, bu kılıçların üretildiği atölyelerden birinin de olasılıkla Troya’da olabileceğini göstermektedir. Yerel üretimin güçlü bir kanıtı olarak karşımıza çıkan bu yarı işlenmiş örneğin tamamlanmamış haliyle ithal edilme olasılığı çok düşüktür. Bu ürünün Troya’da üretiliyor olması Troya’da üretilen Miken taklidi ürünlere bir yenisini eklememiz anlamına gelmektedir. Böylesi önemli yoğunlukta ele geçen kabza başları, Troya’da ele geçen zengin silah üretim teknolojisinin varlığı, savaş hendeği ve güçlü surlarla birleştiğinde kılıç üretimi konusunda Troya’nın da önemli bir yere sahip olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu kapsamda, Troya kazılarında çıkan kılıç kabza başları, yeniden değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Troya, Tunç Çağı, Metalürji, Kılıçlar, Kabza Başları

Late Bronze Age Sword Pommels From Troy

Öz

There are considerable studies have been carried out on the characteristics, typologies, and useful features of Bronze Age swords. However, a comprehensive evaluation of these findings has not
been made in Troy, which is one of the most important Bronze Age centers in Western Anatolia. Especially the marble and ivory sword pommels, which were found in almost every period of the Troy excavations since Heinrich Schliemann’s excavations, were not evaluated as a whole, and also partially misinterpreted. Contrary to the previous examples, the pommel, found outside of the citadel during the 2019 Troy excavations indicates the widespread use of the aforementioned finds. From the 1871 Heinrich Schliemann excavations until the recent excavations, 21 sword pommels were found in Troy. Particularly, the semi-engraved pommel found in the excavations carried out by in 1988-2005 shows that one of the workshops where these swords were produced was probably in Troy. It seems unlikely that this semi-engraved sample, which stands out as a strong evidence of domestic production, was imported in its current form. The fact that this product is produced in Troy means that we have added a new one to the Mycenaean imitation products produced in Troy. Sword pommels were found quite a lot during excavations, existence of rich weapon production technology in Troy combined with the moat and strong walls shows that Troy could also have an important place in sword production. In this article, the hilt heads of the swords found in the Troy excavations were re-evaluated and interpreted.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Troy, Bronze Age, Metallurgy, Swords, Pommels

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