Hemşirelik Öğrencileri ile Yapılan Hatha Yoganın Stres, Yaşam Doyumu ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Yoganın nihai amacı zihin ve ruhta bütünlük sağlayarak, huzur elde etmektir. Bu yönüyle stres yönetimi ve yaşam kalitesini geliştirmede önemli fırsatlar sunar. Yarı deneysel, kontrol gruplu, ön test- son test müdahale çalışması olarak gerçekleştirilen bu araştırma ile hemşirelik öğrencileri ile yapılan 8 haftalık Hatha yoganın stres, yaşam doyumu ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya deney grubunda 22, kontrol grubunda 18 olmak üzere toplam 40 öğrenci hemşire katılmış, veriler Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Depresyon Anksiyete Stres-21 Ölçeği Stres Boyutu, Yaşam Doyum Ölçeği ve SF-12 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Deney ve kontrol grubunun tanıtıcı özelliklerinin karşılaştırılmasında Fisher’s Exact Test kullanılmış, ön test-son test karşılaştırması Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test ile yapılmıştır. Deney grubunda Hatha yoga sonrasında son test ile ön test ölçümlerindeki değişim analiz edildiğinde öğrenci hemşirelerde stres puanlarının anlamlı düzeyde azaldığı (p=0,001), yaşam doyumlarının arttığı (p=0,006), yaşam kalitesi fiziksel boyut puanının arttığı (p=0,014) ve yaşam kalitesi mental boyut puanının arttığı (p=0,012) arttığı; kontrol grubunda ise aynı dönemde anlamlı farklılığın olmadığı görülmüştür (p>0,050). Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda Hatha yoganın öğrenci hemşirelerin stres yönetiminde, yaşam doyumu ve yaşam kalitelerini geliştirmede etkili bir yöntem olduğu söylenebilir. Daha geniş örneklemlerle, takip izlemlerini de içeren çalışmaların yapılması önerilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yoga
• stres
• yaşam doyumu
• yaşam kalitesi
• hemşirelik öğrencisi

The Effect of Hatha Yoga on Stress, Life Satisfaction and Quality of Life in Nursing Students

Öz

The ultimate goal of yoga is to achieve peace by providing unity in mind and spirit. Therefore, it offers important opportunities to improve stress management and quality of life. This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design aims to examine the effects of eight weeks of Hatha yoga on stress, life satisfaction and quality of life in nursing students. A total of 40 nursing students, including 22 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group, participated in the study. The data were collected using a descriptive information form, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Fisher's exact test was used to compare the descriptive characteristics of those in the experimental and control groups, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the pre- and post-test results. After Hatha yoga, the stress scores of nursing students in the experimental group decreased significantly (p=0.001), and their life satisfaction scores (p=0.006), physical dimension of quality-of-life scores (p=0.014), and mental dimension of quality-of-life scores (p=0.012) increased significantly. However, there was no significant difference for those in the control group during the same period (p>0.050). These results suggest that Hatha yoga is an effective method to improve stress management, life satisfaction and quality of life among nursing students. It is recommended to conduct further studies with larger samples, including follow-up measurements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yoga
• stress
• life satisfaction
• quality of life
• nursing student

Kaynakça

1. Atılgan, E., Tarakcı, D., Polat, B., & Algun, Z. C. (2015). Investigation of the effects of yoga-based exercises on flexibility, quality of life, physical activity and depression in healthy women. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(2), 41-46.
2. Altıok, H.Ö. & Üstün, B. (2013). Stress sources of nursing students. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 13(2), 747-766.
3. Baltaş, A. & Baltaş, Z. (2021). Stress and ways to cope. Remzi Bookstore.
4. Bartlett, M. L., Taylor, H., & Nelson, J. D. (2016). Comparison of mental health characteristics and stress between baccalaureate nursing students and non-nursing students. The Journal of Nursing Education, 55(2), 87–90. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20160114-05
5. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
6. Csala, B., Ferentzi, E., Tihanyi, B. T., Drew, R., & Köteles, F. (2020). Verbal cuing is not the path to enlightenment. psychological effects of a 10-session hatha yoga practice. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1375. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01375
7. de Manincor, M., Bensoussan, A., Smith, C., Fahey, P., & Bourchier, S. (2015). Establishing key components of yoga interventions for reducing depression and anxiety, and improving well-being: a Delphi method study. BMC Complementary And Alternative Medicine, 15, 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0614-7
8. Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 403–425. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145056

9. Francis, A. L., & Beemer, R. C. (2019). How does yoga reduce stress? Embodied cognition and emotion highlight the influence of the musculoskeletal system. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 43, 170–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.01.024
10. Govindaraj, R., Karmani, S., Varambally, S., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2016). Yoga and physical exercise - a review and comparison. International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 28(3), 242–253. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2016.1160878
11. Hendriks, T., de Jong, J., & Cramer, H. (2017). The Effects of yoga on positive mental health among healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 23(7), 505–517. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2016.0334
12. Jimenez, C., Navia-Osorio, P. M., & Diaz, C. V. (2010). Stress and health in novice and experienced nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(2), 442–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05183.x
13. Kelley, G. A., & Kelley, K. S. (2020). Yoga, health-related quality of life and mental well-being: a re-analysis of a meta-analysis using the quality effects model. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 75(9), 1732–1736. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz284
14. Kinchen, E., Loerzel, V., & Portoghese, T. (2020). Yoga and perceived stress, self-compassion, and quality of life in undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9, 292. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_463_20
15. Köker, S. (1991). Comparison of Life Satisfaction Levels of Normal and Troubled Adolescents. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Ankara University.
16. Lemay, V., Hoolahan, J., & Buchanan, A. (2019). Impact of a yoga and meditation intervention on students' stress and anxiety levels. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 83(5), 7001. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7001
17. Lin, S. L., Huang, C. Y., Shiu, S. P., & Yeh, S. H. (2015). Effects of yoga on stress, stress adaption, and heart rate variability among mental health professionals: A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 12(4), 236–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12097
18. Maddux, R. E., Daukantaité, D., & Tellhed, U. (2018). The effects of yoga on stress and psychological health among employees: An 8- and 16-week intervention study. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 31(2), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2017.1405261
19. Mansfield, L., Kay, T., Meads, C., Grigsby-Duffy, L., Lane, J., John, A., Daykin, N., Dolan, P., Testoni, S., Julier, G., Payne, A., Tomlinson, A., & Victor, C. (2018). Sport and dance interventions for healthy young people (15-24 years) to promote subjective well-being: a systematic review. BMJ Open, 8(7), e020959. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020959
20. Mathad, M. D., Pradhan, B., & Sasidharan, R. K. (2017). Effect of yoga on psychological functioning of nursing students: A randomized wait list control trial. Journal of Clinical And Diagnostic Research : JCDR, 11(5), KC01–KC05. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/26517.9833
21. Nagendra, H., Kumar, V., & Mukherjee, S. (2015). Cognitive behavior evaluation based on physiological parameters among young healthy subjects with yoga as intervention. Computational and Mathematical Methods In Medicine, 2015, 821061. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/821061
22. NCCIH. (2022, Agust 01) How popular is yoga in the United States? Yoga: what you need to know. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). Yoga: What You Need To Know | NCCIH (nih.gov)
23. Papp, M. E., Nygren-Bonnier, M., Gullstrand, L., Wändell, P. E., & Lindfors, P. (2019). A randomized controlled pilot study of the effects of 6-week high intensity Hatha yoga protocol on health-related outcomes among students. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 23(4), 766–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.05.013
24. Pascoe, M. C., Thompson, D. R., & Ski, C. F. (2017). Yoga, mindfulness-based stress reduction and stress-related physiological measures: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 86, 152–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.08.008i
25. Pulido‐Martos, M., Augusto‐Landa, J. M., & Lopez‐Zafra, E. (2012). Sources of stress in nursing students: a systematic review of quantitative studies. International Nursing Review, 59(1), 15-25. 
26. Ponte, S. B., Lino, C., Tavares, B., Amaral, B., Bettencourt, A. L., Nunes, T., Silva, C., & Mota-Vieira, L. (2019). Yoga in primary health care: A quasi-experimental study to access the effects on quality of life and psychological distress. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 34, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.10.012
27. Ross, A., & Thomas, S. (2010). The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 16(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2009.0044
28. Sarıçam, H. (2018). The psychometric properties of Turkish version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in health control and clinical samples. Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 7(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.5455/JCBPR.274847
29. Seki Öz, H. (2021). The healing power of yoga therapy. Current Approaches in Psychiatric Nursing II (Yılmaz, M. Ed.) Akademisyen Bookstore.
30. Sharma, M. (2014). Yoga as an alternative and complementary approach for stress management: a systematic review. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine,  19(1), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587213503344
31. Sharma, R., Gupta, N., & Bijlani, R. L. (2008). Effect of yoga based lifestyle intervention on subjective well-being. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 52(2), 123–131.
32. Thimmapuram, J., Patel, K., Madhusudhan, D. K., Deshpande, S., Bouderlique, E., Nicolai, V., & Rao, R. (2022). Health-Related quality of life outcomes with regular yoga and heartfulness meditation practice: Results from a multinational, cross-sectional study. JMIR Formative Research, 6(5), e37876. https://doi.org/10.2196/37876
33. Wang, F., & Szabo, A. (2020). Effects of yoga on stress among healthy adults: A systematic review. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 26(4), AT6214.
34. Worby C. (2014) Yoga in All Aspects. (Fromm, Ç. Ed.). Arkadaş Publishing House.