Majör Depresif Bozuklukta Gen-Çevre Etkileşimi

Öz

Majör depresif bozukluk (MDB), ruhsal bozukluklar içerisinde tüm dünyada görülmekte olan yaygın, bireyi zaman içerisinde güçten düşüren bir duygudurum bozukluğudur. MDB etiyolojisinde genetik ve çevresel faktörler birlikte rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı dünyada en önemli ruhsal bozukluklar arasında yer alan majör depresif bozukluğu gen-çevre etkileşimi açısından incelemektir. Araştırma kapsamında DergiPark, Google Akademik, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, TR Dizin ve Web of Science veri tabanlarında “majör depresif bozukluk”, “depresyon”, “epigenetik”, “depresyon ve epigenetik”, “depresyon ve genetik”, “depresyon ve çevre” anahtar sözcük kullanımı ile İngilizce ve Türkçe tam metin olarak ulaşılan makaleler gözden geçirilmiştir. Alanyazında yer alan gen-çevre etkileşim çalışmaları üzerinde durularak epigenetik mekanizmalar incelenmiştir. Genetik faktörlerin çevresel faktörlerle etkileşimi sonucunda meydana gelen klinik tablo çalışma kapsamında alanyazın ışığında tartışılmıştır. Buna göre, bozukluğun oluşumuna neden olan belirli tek bir genetik faktörden bahsedilememektedir. Olumsuz çevre yaşantılarının genetik ifade üzerinde güçlü etkileri bulunmakla birlikte, bireysel farklılıklar durumu önemli ölçüde değiştirebilmektedir. Bütüncül bir gen-çevre etkileşim modeli, genetik polimorfizmler ve DNA metilasyonu gibi epigenetik mekanizmalar ve çevresel etkiler arasındaki etkileşim mekanizmalarını içermelidir. Yapılan çalışmada majör depresif bozukluk ve gen-çevre etkileşimine genel bakış açısı sunmanın hastalığın doğasını doğru kavramada yardımcı olarak bireylerin yaşam kalitelerinin artmasına, hastalık yükünün azalması neticesinde maliyette ciddi tasarruflara ve morbidite ile mortaliteyi azaltmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• majör depresif bozukluk
• epigenetik
• gen-çevre etkileşimi
• depresyon

Gene-Environment Interaction in Major Depressive Disorder

Öz

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mood disorder worldwide, characterized by a pervasive feeling of low mood that diminishes one's capacity over time. The etiology of MDD involves the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. This study aims to scrutinize MDD through the lens of gene-environment interaction, considering it as one of the most significant mental disorders globally. In this research, articles sourced in English and Turkish, employing keywords such as "major depressive disorder", "depression", "epigenetics", "depression and epigenetics", "depression and genetics", and "depression and environment" from databases including DergiPark, Google Scholar, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, TR Index, and Web of Science were reviewed as full text. Epigenetic mechanisms were examined with an emphasis on gene-environment interaction studies in the existing literature. The clinical manifestation arising from the interplay between genetic and environmental factors was deliberated within the study's framework. Accordingly, it is noted that a specific single genetic factor causing the disorder cannot be identified. While adverse environmental experiences have significant effects on genetic expression, individual differences can substantially modify the situation. A comprehensive gene-environment interaction model should encompass mechanisms of interaction between genetic polymorphisms, DNA methylation, and environmental influences such as stressors. It is anticipated that furnishing a comprehensive overview of MSD and gene-environment interaction in this study will enrich comprehension of the disease's nature, thereby enhancing individuals' quality of life, yielding notable cost alleviations through diminished disease burden, and curbing morbidity and mortality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• major depressive disorder
• epigenetics
• gene-environment interaction
• depression

Kaynakça

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