The Artificial Intelligence Dilemma in Education: A “Partner” in Developing Analytical Thinking or a “Crutch”?
Öz
Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly become embedded in both everyday life and scientific practice, raising new questions for education rather than offering straightforward solutions. The present study investigates the blurred role attributed to AI in educational settings, asking whether it is conceptualized as a partner that supports the development of analytical thinking or as a crutch that undermines it. To this end, a two-stage qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted on a corpus of 74 sources, comprising 72 peer-reviewed journal articles and two UNESCO reports published between 2019 and 2025. In the first stage, Leximancer software was employed to generate an inductive conceptual map of the corpus (meta-explication). In the second stage, themes derived from this map were subjected to in-depth interpretive content analysis (meta-synthesis). The results indicate that AI is predominantly framed in context-dependent, “mixed” terms: the literature oscillates between pedagogical opportunities such as personalization and efficiency, and systemic risks related to bias, inequality, and the offloading of cognitive effort. AI tends to be described as a partner when it is embedded in inclusive, feedback-rich, and teacher-mediated designs, and as a crutch when gaps in governance and unregulated implementation prevail. Overall, the study shows that the outcomes of AI integration in education are shaped less by the technology’s intrinsic capabilities than by the pedagogical, ethical, and governance arrangements that regulate its use.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Artificial intelligence, educational technology, analytical thinking, digital divide, educational inequality, critical pedagogy, cognitive offloading
Destekleyen Kurum
Etik Beyan
Kaynakça
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