Motion event components and gesticulation as linguistic practice in Turkish
Öz
The present study investigates motion event expressions and their accompanying gestures in Turkish. Gestures, the non-verbal signals, are assumed to represent cognitive organizations along with speech. It aims to present the lexicalization patterns of motion event descriptions in Turkish to find out at what rate Turkish speakers prefer using a gesture to complement speech when describing motion event and how they combine the speech and gestures in V(erb)-framed Turkish language. Furthermore, it tries to explain the relationship between linguistic typology and gestures, depending on Talmy’s (1985) grouping of languages. In order to achieve this aim, the typological features of Turkish are examined in relation to another part of human speech gestures. In order to reach the above-mentioned aims of the study, Turkish speakers’ narrations are analysed. The participants are asked to narrate a story by looking at the drawings of a picture book. Gestures are marked by EXMARaLDA and their types are specified. As a result, it can be claimed that Turkish speakers’ speech and gesture do not follow the typology of their language strictly. One of the important results of this study is that path of the motion is more frequently gestured than the manner of the motion. Furthermore, it has been observed that reoccurring motion verbs are not gestured since the time span between the occurrences of those verbs play an important role in gesturing.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Berman, R. A., &Slobin, D. I. (1994). Narrative structure. Relating events in narrative: A crosslinguistic developmental study, 39-84. Chui, K. (2009). Linguistics and imagistic representations of motion events.Journal of Pragmatics, 41, 1767-1777. Hadar, U., & Butterworth, B. (1997). Iconic gesture, imagery and word retrieval in speech. Semiotica, 115, 147-172. Haviland, B. (2005). Gesture as cultural and linguistic practice. In A. Sujoldzic (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). Oxford, UK: Eolss Publishers Krauss, R.M. (1998). Why do we gesture when we speak?Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7, 54-59. McNeill, D. (2000). Language and gesture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nicoladis, E. and Brisard, F. (2002). Encoding motion in gestures and speech: Are there differences in bilingual children’s French and English? University of Alberta. Ozcaliskan, S. (2004) Typological variation in encoding the manner, path, and ground components of a metaphorical motion event. In I. Ruiz de Mendoza & J. Francisco (Eds.) Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 2, 1(pp. 73–102). Ozyurek, A., & Kita, S. (1999). Expressing manner and path in English and Turkish: differences in speech, gesture, and conceptualization. In M. Hahn, & S. C. Stoness (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.(pp. 507-512). London: Erlbaum. Ozyurek, A., Kita, S., Allen, S., Brown, A., Furman, R., & Ishizuka, T. (2008). Development of cross-linguistic variation in speech and gesture: motion events in English and Turkish. Developmental Psychology, 44, 4, 1040-1054. Ozyurek, A., Kita, S., Allen, S., Furman, R., & Brown, A. (2005). How does linguistic framing of events influence co-speech gestures? Insights from cross-linguistic variations and similarities.Gesture, 5, 215–237. Perkell, Slobin, D. (1987). Thinking for speaking. In J. Aske, N. Beery, L. Michaelis, H. Filip (Eds.), Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, (pp. 435–445). Slobin, D.I. (1996). Two ways to travel: Verbs of motion in English and Spanish. In M. Shibatani & S.A. Thompson (Eds.), Essays in Semantics, 195–217. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 88. Slobin, D. I. (1997). Mind, code, and text. In J. Bybee, J. Haiman, & S.A. Thompson (Eds.), Essays on Language Function and Language Type: Dedicated to T. Givón, (pp. 437–467). Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Slobin, D. I. (2004). The many ways to search for a frog: linguistic typology and the expression of motion events. In S. Strömqvist& L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Relating Events in Narrative: Typological and Contextual Perspectives, (pp. 219–257). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Slobin, D. I. (2005). Linguistic representations of motion events: what is signifier and what is signified? In C. Maeder, O. Fischer, & W. Herlofsky (Eds.), Iconicity Inside Out: Iconicity in Language and Literature 4, (pp. 307-322). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Talmy, L. (1985). Lexicalization patterns: semantic structure in lexical forms. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Language Type and Syntactic Description, Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon, 3, (pp. 57-149). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Treis, Y. and Mietzner, A. (2007). Introduction to encoding motion: Case studies from Africa. Annual Publication in African Linguistics, 5, 11 – 18.
