Araştırma Makalesi

A Heterotopia Divided: Spaces of Labor in Louisa May Alcott’s 'Little Women'

Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1 30 Haziran 2022
PDF İndir
TR EN

A Heterotopia Divided: Spaces of Labor in Louisa May Alcott’s 'Little Women'

Abstract

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the development of industrialization and the surging waves of immigration had drastic effects on the condition of the American working class. Coinciding with the Civil War and the following Reconstruction era, this period saw a stronger and more determined labor movement in organizing trade unions and resolving several work-related problems. Louisa May Alcott wrote Little Women (1868) in such a social and economic climate. This essay will explore the novel’s spatial configuration of the existing labor conditions as two different heterotopias by turning to how Louisa May Alcott organized characters and space in Little Women. Drawing from Foucault and Harvey’s approaches to space, the essay will argue that the March family home functions as a labor heterotopia, and Jo March founds a counter-heterotopia against it. In other words, while the March house depicts, confronts and reverses the conditions of American labor in the Civil War era, Jo March attempts to follow the same procedure so as to counteract the order in her family home. Jo’s counteraction is determined by her act of writing, which gives her an individual and independent voice. Yet, more importantly, her authorship that lets her develop her own working conditions has effects beyond the garret she uses for writing. The purpose of this essay is to re-read Jo March’s character in terms of her function in both heterotopias, and to show that she constantly negotiates between these domestic and intellectual labor heterotopias in an attempt to empower her sisters.

Keywords

Louisa May Alcott , Little Women , heterotopia , labor , characterization

Kaynakça

  1. Alberghene, J. (1999). Autobiography and the boundries of interpretation. In J. Alberghene and B. Lyon Clark (Eds.), Little Women and feminist imagination: criticism, controversy, personal essays (pp. 347-376). London: Routledge.
  2. Alcott, L. M. (1875). Work: a story of experience. Boston: Roberts Brothers.
  3. Alcott, L. M. (1993). Hospital sketches. Bedford: Applewood.
  4. Alcott, L. M. (2008). Little women. London: Vintage.
  5. Brogan, H. (2001). The Penguin history of the USA. London: Penguin.
  6. Çelikkol, A. (2015). The representation of family in African American literature: A psychoanalytic approach. PhD Dissertation: Istanbul University. Retrieved from: http://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi (Thesis number: 417827).
  7. Çelikkol, A. (2019). Re-publicizing the nation: Slavery and the American Revolution. Litera: Dil, Edebiyat ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, 29(1), 41-58.
  8. Engels, F. (1987). The condition of the working class. London: Penguin.
  9. Fetterley, J. (1979). “Little Women”: Alcott’s Civil War. Feminist Studies, 5(2), 369-383.
  10. Foner, P. (1972). History of labor movement in the United States. Volume I: From colonial times to the founding of the American federation of labor. New York: International Publishers.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Yazıcıoğlu, S. (2022). A Heterotopia Divided: Spaces of Labor in Louisa May Alcott’s ’Little Women’. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(1), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.920078