Salman Rushdie’nin “Yorick” Adlı Kısa Öyküsünde Üsteleştiri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 15.06.2018

Seda Arıkan

https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.438142

Öz

Salman Rushdie, özellikle postmodernizmle bağlantılı yeni teknikleri kullanması ilebilinmektedir. Doğu, Batı adlı kısa öykü derlemesinde, pastiş, parodi ve üstkurgu gibi birçok postmodern tekniği kullanmasının yanı sıra, “Yorick” adlı kısa öyküde üsteleştiri üzerine yoğunlaştığı göze çarpmaktadır. Hamlet’te Prens Hamlet’in elinde tutarak üzerine ünlü konuşmasını yaptığı mefta soytarı Yorick karakterinin kurmaca öyküsü üzerine temellenen Rushdie’nin “Yorick”i, kurgu bir eserde edebi eleştirinin yerini ve işlevini dile getiren bir tür yaratıcı üsteleştiri örneği olarak ortaya çıkar.

Psikanaliz ve sosyal teoriler gibi Hamlet’in teorik eleştirilerine gönderme yaparak Rushdie, “Yorick” adlı kısa öyküsünde edebi eleştirinin eleştirisini kullanır. Antik çağdan bu yana edebi eleştiri üzerine yapılan incelemelere Rushdie kendi postmodern yorumunu böylelikle eklemiş olur. Bu çalışmada genelde üsteleştirinin, özelde ise yaratıcı üsteleştirinin teorik arkaplanı üzerine öncelikle yoğunlaşılacaktır. Daha sonra Rushdie’nin üstkurgu, yazarın rolü, okurun işlevi, yazar, eleştirmen, okur işbirliği, edebi eleştirinin nesnelliği ya da öznelliği, yaratıcı yazarlık ya da yaratıcı okurluk ve öykülemede hakikat konularını da ele aldığı “Yorick” adlı kısa öyküsündeki yaratıcı üsteleştirinin izlerini bulmaya çalışılacaktır. Öyküde üsteleştirinin nasıl işlediğini incelenerek sonuç olarak Rushdie’nin edebi eleştiri nedir ve ne olmalıdır hakkındaki fikirleri açıklanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Salman Rushdie, “Yorick”, üsteleştiri, yaratıcı üsteleştiri

Metacriticism in Salman Rushdie’s Short Story “Yorick”

Öz

Salman Rushdie is mostly known for his usage of new techniques especially those of postmodernism. In his short story collection East, West, besides many postmodern techniques such as pastiche, parody, and metafiction, his focus on metacriticism is apparent in the short story titled “Yorick”. Rushdie’s “Yorick” that is based on an invented story about the character Yorick, the dead clown whose skull Prince Hamlet handles and makes his famous speech in Hamlet, appears as an example of creative metacriticism that depicts the place and function of literary criticism in a fictional work.

Referring to theoretical criticisms of Hamlet, such as psychoanalysis and social theories, Rushdie uses criticism of literary criticism in his short story “Yorick”. Thus, he adds his postmodern interpretation into the analyses of literary criticism since antiquity. This study will firstly focus on the theoretical background of metacriticism in general, and creative metacritcism, in particular. Later on, it will try to find out the traces of creative metacriticism in Rushdie’s short story “Yorick” in which he also deals with metafiction, the role of the writer, the function of the reader, writer-critic-reader collaboration, the objectivity or subjectivity of literary criticism, creative writing or creative reading, and the truth in storytelling. Analysing how metacriticism operates in the story, Rushdie’s ideas on what literary criticism is and should be will be clarified in conclusion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Salman Rushdie, “Yorick”, metacriticism, creative metacriticism

Kaynakça

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