Transnational Aging Experiences of Turkish Labor Migrants

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 383 - 406, 30.12.2024

Cansu Taşcı

https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1344567

Öz

It was the years following the Second World War, when Western European countries imported labor from underdeveloped countries, especially Mediterranean countries. Hundreds of thousands of Turkish workers immigrated to Europe as a result of bilateral labor agreements. Today, this immigrant population has aged and the first generation Turkish labor immigrants have turned into “older Turkish labor immigrants”. The subject of this article is the transnational aging experiences of Turkish labor migrants in Western European countries. 31 articles on Turkish labor migrants in Western European countries were analyzed by content analysis method using the Maxqda program. Content analysis results of 31 studies on elderly Turkish labor migrants in Western Europe revealed that older immigrants experience “transnational aging” beyond borders rather than aging within the borders of a single place. As a result of the analysis, it has been seen that participation in places of worship, ethnic businesses and consumption habits, participation in associations, transnational marriages, telephone calls to Turkey, coming to Turkey on holidays and going to and from Turkey are the main practices that enable older immigrants to age in the transnational area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Transnational immigration, older people, Turkish labor immigration, aging, transnational areas

Türk Emek Göçmenlerinin Ulusötesi Yaşlanma Deneyimleri

Öz

İkinci Dünya Savaşını izleyen yıllar, Batı Avrupa ülkelerinin başta Akdeniz ülkeleri olmak üzere azgelişmiş ülkelerden emek ithal ettiği yıllardır. Yapılan ikili işgücü anlaşmaları sonucu yüzbinlerce Türk işçi Avrupa’ya göç etmiştir. Günümüzde ise bu göçmen nüfus yaşlanmış ve birincil nesil Türk emek göçmenleri, “yaşlı Türk emek göçmenlerine” dönüşmüştür. Bu makalenin konusunu Batı Avrupa ülkelerindeki Türk emek göçmenlerinin ulusötesi yaşlanma deneyimleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Batı Avrupa ülkelerindeki Türk emek göçmenlerini konu edinen 31 makale Maxqda programı kullanılarak içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen içerik analizi yaşlı göçmenlerin menşe ülkeye ziyaretleri ve menşe ülkeyle ev sahibi ülke arasında geliştirdikleri siyasi, dini, ailevi, ekonomik bağlar aracılığıyla tek bir yerin sınırlarında yaşlanmaktan ziyade sınırların ötesinde “ulusötesi yaşlanma” deneyimine odaklanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda ibadethanelere katılımın, etnik işletmelerin ve tüketim alışkanlıklarının, derneklere katılımın, ulusötesi evliliklerin, telefon ile Türkiye’yle görüşmenin, tatillerde Türkiye’ye gelmenin ve Türkiye’ye geliş gidişlerin yaşlı göçmenlerin ulusötesi alanda yaşlanmalarını sağlayan temel pratikler olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ulusötesi göç, yaşlı, Türk emek göçü, yaşlanma, ulusötesi alanlar

Teşekkür

Bu makale Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyoloji doktora programında Birsen ŞAHİN-KÜTÜK tarafından okutulan Ulusötesi Göç ve Vatandaşlık dersi kapsamında hazırlanmış olup daha sonrasında veri analiz sürecinin dahil edilmesiyle geliştirilmiştir. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde ve makalenin yayına hazırlık sürecinde desteğini esirgemeyen ve katkı ve yönlendirmeleriyle makalenin şekillenmesini sağlayan sayın hocam Birsen ŞAHİN KÜTÜK’e değerli katkıları için çok teşekkür ederim.

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