TÜRKİYE’DE ‘GELECEK BEŞERÎ SERMAYE’ OLARAK ÇOCUĞUN DEĞERİNE DAİR BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de çocuğun kültürel değerini, beşerî sermayenin artan önemi ve yoğun ebeveynlik ideolojisinin kesişiminde incelemektedir. İlk bölümde beşerî sermaye kavramı tanıtıldıktan sonra, çocuğun beşerî sermayesine yatırımın teşvik mekanizması olarak ‘yoğun ebeveynlik’ tartışılmaktadır. Buna göre birikerek gelişen ve gelecek refahı etkileyen şimdiki zaman faaliyetlerini temsil eden beşerî sermayenin geliştirilmesi fikrinin sadece makro düzeyde değil, psikolojik değeri öne çıkan çocuğa daha fazla zaman, enerji ve finansal kaynak ayırmayı gerektiren ‘yoğun ebeveynlik’ ideolojisinin desteğiyle mikro düzeyde de bulduğu karşılık hem kamu politikasına hem de çocuğun kültürel olarak algılanma biçimine temel oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, 4+4+4 eğitim sistemine geçiş yılı olan 2012-13 eğitim öğretim yılı sonrasında Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK) ve Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) tarafından yayınlanan tanımlayıcı istatistiki veriler üzerinden Türkiye’de çocuğun zaman kullanımındaki değişmeye ve beşerî sermaye göstergelerinden eğitime ayrılan kaynağın niteliğine bakılmaktadır. Çocuk işçiliği oranlarında ve çocuğun hanenin yeniden üretimine katılımındaki düşüşe karşılık hanede ebeveynle amaç odaklı etkinliklerde bulunma ve hobi etkinliklerine katılma eğiliminin yaygınlaştığı, farklı eğitim kademelerinde net okullaşma oranlarının yükseldiği ve eğitim yatırımlarının kamu ve hanehalkının desteğiyle düzenli bir şekilde arttığı gösterilmektedir. Sonuçta, Türkiye’de çocuğun beşerî sermayesi için yararlı olduğu görüşünün, çocuğa atfedilen anlamdaki psikolojikleşmeye eşlik eden ekonomikleşmenin ve çocuğun beşerî sermayeleşmesinin kendine yer bulduğuna işaret edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• beşerî sermaye
• yoğun ebeveynlik
• eğitim
• çocuğun kutsallaştırılması
• çocuğun beşerî sermayeleşmesi

AN EVALUATION ON THE VALUE OF THE CHILD AS ‘PROSPECTIVE HUMAN CAPITAL’ IN TÜRKİYE

Öz

This study examines the cultural value of the child in Türkiye at the intersection of the increasing importance of human capital and the ideology of intensive parenting. After introducing the concept of human capital in the first section, ‘intensive parenting’ is discussed as an incentive mechanism for investment in the human capital of the child. Accordingly, the development of human capital, which represents the present activities that accumulate, develop and influence future well-being, forms the basis of both public policy on the macro level and the cultural perception of the child on the micro level through the ideology of 'intensive parenting', which requires more time, energy and financial resources to be devoted to emotionally priceless child. The second section examines changes in children's time use and the resources allocated to their education, which are human capital indicators, using descriptive data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) and the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) after the 2012-13 academic year, the year of transition to the 4+4+4 education system, to illustrate this trend in Turkiye. In contrast to the decline in child labour rates and child participation in household reproduction, there has been a growing tendency for children to engage in goal-oriented activities with parents in the household and in hobbies. Schooling rates in different educational levels have increased, and investements in education investments have steadily risen with the support of both the public and households. As a result, it is suggested that the view that the child is useful for their human capital, the economicisation that accompanies the psychologicalisation of the meaning attributed to the child and the child’s human capitalisation have found a place in Türkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Human capital
• Intensive parenting
• Education
• Sacralisation of the child
• Human capitalisation of the child

Kaynakça

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