Bir İhtilaf Anlatısı: Orhan Pamuk’un Kar Romanı

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 11, 53 - 70, 20.04.2018

M. Önder Göncüoğlu

https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.334621

Cited By: 1

Öz

Nobel ödüllü yazar
Orhan Pamuk Kar (2002) adlı romanında Ermeni, Rus, Osmanlı
gibi farklı medeniyetlerin izlerini barındıran bu nedenle etnik, kültürel ve
politik özellikleri açısından çeşitlilik barındıran Kars şehrini modern Türkiye’de
geçen anlatısının merkezine koyar. Bölge uzmanlarına göre ismi ‘karsu’dan gelen
Kars şehri sınır şehir olması nedeniyle tarihsel olarak kültürel ve politik
çeşitliliğe ve aynı zamanda da karmaşaya ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bu sebeple, Pamuk’un
Kar romanı geç yirminci yüzyıl
Türkiye’sinin politik, kültürel ve dinsel meselelerine ve gerilimlerine tanık
olarak Kars şehrini mekân olarak kullanırken kökü geçmişe uzanan sosyo-politik
meselelere de şahitlik yapar. Yoksulluk, işsizlik ve intihar gibi saikleri
sosyopolitik köklerde aranması gereken konulara kurgusunda yer veren bu roman,
sekülerizm, milliyetçilik ve İslami diriliş kavramlarını da anlatısının
merkezinde tutar. İçeriğinin karmaşık ve ihtilaf yaratabilecek özellikleri
nedeniyle bu roman, Orhan Pamuk’un yazar olarak politik tavrını anlamlandırmak
açısından eleştirmenler için de tartışmaya açık bir anlatı yaratmıştır. Ancak
öyle görünüyor ki Pamuk’un bu romanda tartışma götüren bir konuyu ele almış
olması onun yazarlık becerilerinin bağlamından çok politik tavrının incelenmesine
daha fazla sebep olmuştur. Bu nedenle, bu makaleyle Pamuk’un Kar romanında belirli bir politik grubun
tarafgirliğini yapmaktansa, okuyucuya radikalizmin tehlikelerini ve öteki
sorunsalını değerlendirmek için çok sesli bir anlatıyla nasıl bir imkân yarattığını
tartışıyorum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orhan Pamuk, Kar, İhtilaf, Politika, Çok Seslilik, Gerilim

A Narrative of Controversy: Orhan Pamuk’s Snow

Öz

Nobel Prize laureate Orhan Pamuk’s novel Snow (2002), which local scholars argue that it takes its name from
‘karsu’ (snow-water), takes place in
Kars^[1], a
city located on the north-eastern border of Turkey. As a borderline city, it
stands as the nexus of distinguished civilisations, such as that of Armenians,
Russians, and Ottomans; and bears the traces of several ethnic, cultural, and
political characteristics of diverse identities. Snow represents modernist Turkey’s political, cultural, and
religious turmoil experienced in the late twentieth century. The novel depicts
the city of Kars as a witness to deep-seated conflicting political views and
social values. The concepts of secularism, nationalism, and the
Islamic Revival, including experiences of poverty that have been felt,
unemployment, and suicide are all inscribed within the plot of this provocative
novel. Hence, depicted concepts and felt experiences stir up much controversy
among critics who explore Pamuk’s intention to understand the reasons why he
might have thematised such problematic issues. However, Pamuk’s elaboration of
a political issue in Snow seems to
have been misconceived through political standpoints minimizing his artistic
ability to solely a political gaze. In this respect, I will explore and discuss
Pamuk’s Snow as a polyphonic novel
inviting its readers to contemplate both the question of ‘the other’ and the
dangers of radicalism rather than as a novel supporting a certain political
group.

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[1] Referring to
McGaha, Bazarkaya argues that “Kars is a shortened version of the Turkish
Kar-su (“Snow Water”). Pamuk originally intended to title his novel Kars but
later, concerned that it might be mistaken for a guidebook or a history of the
city, changed it to Kar. The later title was more appropriate anyway, because
snow is the novel’s central, all-pervasive metaphor” (2015: 50)

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orhan Pamuk, Snow, Controversy, Politics, Polyphony, Tension

Kaynakça

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