Anti-Proverb as a Type of Intertextual Joke

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 12, 34 - 48, 22.10.2018

Öznur Usta Tuzcu

https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.446326

Öz

Intertextuality is one of the most complicated disciplines of literary studies, which a large number of theorists have attempted to define; still, the definitions greatly differ from each other in terms of their focal points. Whilst some scholars such as Rifaterre (1994) and Barthes (2001) emphasize the role of readers and reading process in the discipline, others like Bakhtin (1981) and Kristeva (1980) are mainly concerned with the relationship among texts. Studies have investigated intertextuality in different fields such as advertising (Oppenheim, 2014), sitcom series (Kinnonen, 2012), music (Barron, 2015), and so on; our study attempts to examine intertextual references on the basis of creating humor, specifically, through the popular phenomenon of antiproverbs. In other words, anti-proverbs have been analyzed from the point of the view of humor theories –superiority, incongruity, and relief theories, attempting to discover how the intertextual references function in creating a humorous content in the new text- anti-proverbs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

intertextual jokes, intertextuality, humor, anti-proverb

Metinlerarası Mizahın Bir Türü Olarak Anti-Atasözleri

Öz

Metinlerarasılık, çok sayıda kuramcının tanımlamaya çalıştığı, edebi çalışmaların en karmaşık alanlarından biridir. Dolayısıyla bu alanda yapılan tanımlamalar, odak noktaları açısından birbirinden oldukça farklıdır. Rifaterre (1994) ve Barthes (2001) gibi bazı düşünürler okurların ve okuma sürecinin bu disiplindeki rolünü vurgularken; Bakhtin (1981) ve Kristeva (1980) gibi diğer düşünürler daha çok bu disiplinin diğer metinlerle ilişkisi üzerinde durmuşlardır. Metinlerarasılığı reklam (Oppenheim, 2014), durum komedisi (Kinnonen, 2012), müzik (Barron, 2015) gibi farklı alanlarda inceleyen çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu makale ise, özellikle popüler bir olgu olan anti-atasözleri aracılığıyla mizah ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlayan metinlerararası referansları incelemeye çalışmıştır. Diğer bir deyişle, metinlerararası referansların yeni bir metin olan anti-atasözlerinde mizahi bir içerik oluşturmada nasıl bir işlev gördüğü ortaya koymaya çalışılmış ve anti-atasözleri Üstünlük, Uyuşmazlık ve Rahatlama Teorileri olan mizah teorileri açısından analiz edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

metinlerarasılık, mizah, anti-atasözü, metinlerararası referanslar

Kaynakça

• Alfaro, M. J. M. (1996). Intertextuality: Origins and development of the concept. Atlantis, 268-285.
• Aktulum, K. (2007). Metinlerarası ilişkiler. Öteki Yayınevi.
• Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays by mm bakhtin (m. holquist, ed.; c. emerson & m. holquist, trans.).
• Barron, F. (2015). Intertextuality in Music videos. [online] prezi.com. Available at: https://prezi.com/m/buj_pncrknp7/intertextuality-in-music-videos/ [Accessed 5 Jan. 2018].
• Barthes, R. (1994). 11 The Death of the Author. Media Texts, Authors and Readers: A Reader, 166.
• Dynel, M. (2009). Beyond a joke: Types of conversational humour. Language and Linguistics Compass, 3(5), 1284-1299.
• Freud, S. (1928). Humour. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis.
• Kinnunen, J. (2012). " I'm Indiana Jones!": intertextuality and humor in How I Met Your Mother.
• Kristeva, J. (1980). Desire in language: A semiotic approach to literature and art. Columbia University Press.
• Leon S. Roudiez, Transl. Thomas Gora, Alice Jardine and Leon S. Roudiez), Columbia University Press, New York.
• Laughter - Superiority Theory. (2018). Projects.eightron.net. Retrieved 1 January 2018, from http://projects.eightron.net/laughter/theory1.php
• Mieder, W. 2004. Proverbs. A Handbook. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Publishing Group.
• Morreall, John, "Philosophy of Humor", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2016 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/humor/>.
• Morreall, J. (1983). Taking laughter seriously. Suny Press.
• Mulder, M. P., & Nijholt, A. (2002). Humour research: State of art (No. TR-CTIT-02-34). University of Twente, Centre for Telematics and Information Technology.
• Norrick, N. R. (1989). Intertextuality in humor. Humor - International Journal of Humor Research, 2 (2), 117-140.
• Oppenheim, R. (2014). Postmodern Advertising and Intertextuality. [online] prezi.com. Available at: https://prezi.com/mbhyipun7jky/postmodern-advertising-and-intertextuality/ [Accessed 4 Feb. 2018].
• Riffaterre, M. (1994). Intertextuality vs. hypertextuality. New Literary History, 25(4), 779-788.
• Ross, A. (2015). Language of humour. London: Routledge.
• Saussure, F. D. (1983). course in General linguistics. ed. Charles bally and Albert Sechehaye, in collaboration with Albert Riedlinger. Translated from the French by Wade Baskin. London: Duck-worth.
• Sechehaye in collabration with Albert Riedlinger, Trans and Intr. Wade Baskin), McGrawHill Book Company, New York, Toronto and London: Smuts, Aaron (2006). Humor. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
• Speake, J. (Ed.). (2015). Oxford dictionary of proverbs. OUP Oxford.
• Şahin, H. İ. (2010). Bektaşî Fıkraları ve Gülme Teorileri. Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Velî Araştırma Dergisi, (55). Zengin, M. (2016). An Introduction to Intertextuality as a Literary Theory: Definitions, Axioms and the Originators. Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 2016 (50), 299-327. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/pausbed.2016.96729
• Internet Sources
• https://prezi.com/mbhyipun7jky/postmodern-advertising-and-intertextuality/ https://prezi.com/buj_pncrknp7/intertextuality-in-music-videos/
• http://www.guzelimsozler.com/sozleri-oku/12788-kizini-dovmeyen-torununu-erkensever.html
• https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=226229820770412&id=168410306552364
• http://keyiflidakikalar.blogcu.com/atasozleri/5673991
• https://www.uludagsozluk.com/k/cenk-erdem-modeli-atas%C3%B6zleri/
• http://www.atasozlerianlamlari.com/atasozu-ara/
• https://www.uludagsozluk.com/k/atas%C3%B6zlerini-de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Ftirip-komikhale-getirmek/