Araştırma Makalesi
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Şiddetsiz Direnişin Kavramsal Açmazı: Derridacı Yapısökümcü Bir Yaklaşım

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22, 370 - 382, 15.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.1321283

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı Derridacı dekonstrüktif bir okuma yaparak ‘şiddetsiz direniş’ kavramının aporetik ve paradoksal bir kavram olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, direnen tarafın baskıları alt etmek için şiddetsizliği psikolojik ve vicdani bir manipülasyon yöntemi olarak kullanması ve bu yöntemin kendi içerisinde bir çeşit şiddet barındırması göz önünde bulundurulacaktır. Ayrıca, şiddetsizlik kavramının hatalı bir şekilde şiddetin fiziksel boyutuyla sınırlı tutulduğuna ve şiddetin psikolojik-duygusal boyutlarının göz ardı edildiğine dikkat çekilecektir. Tarih boyunca şiddet büyük ölçüde fiziksel zarar verme ile özdeşleştirilmiş olsa da şiddet kavramının günümüzde değişkenlik gösteren tanımı şiddetle alakalı kavramların tanımlanmasında yeni bakış açıları gerektirmiştir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada ‘şiddetsiz direniş’ kavramı benzer bir gereksinim ışığında değerlendirilecek ve eylemin psikolojik-etik boyutlarını daha iyi kapsadığı düşünülen yeni bir kavram önerilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Barry, P. (2009). Beginning Theory. 3rd Edition. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Bond, D. (1994). Nonviolent Direct Action and the Diffusion of Power. P. Wehr, H. Burgess and G. Burgess (Eds.) in Justice without Violence (pp. 59-79). Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
  • Chandra, U. (2015). Rethinking subaltern resistance. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 45 (4), 563–573.
  • Cuddon, J. A. (2013). A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. 5th Edition. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Derrida, J. (1984). Dialogue with Jacques Derrida. R. Kearney (Ed.) in Dialogues with Contemporary Continental Thinkers: The Phenomenological Heritage (pp. 105-126). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • ---. (2000). Hostipitality. (B. Stocker and F. Morlock, Trans.) in Angelaki: Journal of Theoretical Humanities, 5(3), 3-18.
  • ---. (2001). To Forgive: The Unforgivable and the Imprescriptible. J. D. Caputo, M. Dooley and M. J. Scanlon. (eds.) in Questioning God (pp. 21-51). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Dudouet, V. (2008). Nonviolent Resistance and Conflict Transformation in Power Asymmetries. Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268816877_Advancing_conflict_transformation_the_Berghof_Handbook_II/link/547896990cf293e2da2b2809/download (Accessed 27 May 2023)
  • ---. (2011). Nonviolent Resistance and Conflict Transformation in Power Asymmetries. B.
  • Austin, M. Fischer and H.J. Giessmann (Eds.) in Advancing Conflict Transformation (pp. 238-264). Michigan: Barbara Budrich Publishers.
  • Fischer, K. P. (2006). America in White, Black, and Gray: A History of the Stormy 1960s. New York and London: Continuum.
  • Gandhi, M. (1960). The Doctrine of the Sword. My Non-violence. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House.
  • ---. (1965). The Spiritual Dimensions of Non-Violence. T. Merton (Ed.), in Gandhi on Non-violence. New York: New Directions.
  • King, M. L. (2012). The Ways of Meeting Oppression. A. Rosa and P. Eschholz (Eds.) in Models for Writers Short Essays for Composition (pp. 465-468). Boston: Bedford / St. Martin’s.
  • Lang, B. (1970). Civil Disobedience and Nonviolence: A Distinction with a Difference. Ethics, 80 (2), 156-159.
  • Lederach, J.P. (1995). Preparing For Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures. New York: Syracuse University Press.
  • Malmvig, H. (2016). Eyes wide shut: power and creative visual counter-conducts in the battle for Syria, 2011–2014. Global Society, 30 (2), 258–278.
  • May, Todd. (2015). Nonviolent Resistance: A Philosophical Introduction. Cambridge and Malden: Polity Press. Michaud, Y. (1986). La Violence. Paris: PUF.
  • Ortner, S. (1995). Resistance and the problem of ethnographic refusal. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 37 (1), 173-193.
  • Partridge, E. (2006). Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Schinkel, W. (2010). Aspects of Violence: A Critical Theory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sémelin, J. (1993). Unarmed Against Hitler: Civilian Resistance in Europe, 1939-1943. Westport: Praeger.
  • Sharp, Gene. (1973). The Politics of Nonviolent Action. Boston: Porter Sargent.
  • Smithey, L.A. and L.R. Kurtz. (2018). The Paradox of Repression and Nonviolent Movements. Internet Source. (Accessed 22 June 2023) https://works.swarthmore.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1178&context=fac-soc-anth
  • World Health Organization. (1996). Report of the WHO global consultation on violence and health, Geneva, 2–3 December. Unpublished report.
  • ---. (2002). World report on violence and health. E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A. B. Zwi and R. Lozano (Eds.) Geneva: WHO, Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.

The Conceptual Aporia of Non-Violent Resistance: A Derridean Deconstructive Approach

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22, 370 - 382, 15.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.1321283

Öz

The aim of this essay is to display, by a Derridean deconstructive reading, that the term ‘non-violent resistance’ is aporetic and paradoxical taking into consideration that the resisting side uses non-violence as a means of psychological and conscience-related manipulation, which contains a certain degree of violence in it, to overcome the oppression in question. The definitions of non-violence seem to be wrongfully restricted to the physical aspects of violence, overlooking other aspects of the term like psychological and emotional violence. Even though violence has been mostly associated with physical damage in human history, the changing definitions of the term today make it necessary to develop a new perspective and conceptual framework for violence-related terms. This essay will interpret the concept of ‘non-violent resistance’ as one such term and attempt to offer a new concept that will represent the psychological and ethical aspects of the practice more eloquently.

Kaynakça

  • Barry, P. (2009). Beginning Theory. 3rd Edition. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Bond, D. (1994). Nonviolent Direct Action and the Diffusion of Power. P. Wehr, H. Burgess and G. Burgess (Eds.) in Justice without Violence (pp. 59-79). Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
  • Chandra, U. (2015). Rethinking subaltern resistance. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 45 (4), 563–573.
  • Cuddon, J. A. (2013). A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. 5th Edition. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Derrida, J. (1984). Dialogue with Jacques Derrida. R. Kearney (Ed.) in Dialogues with Contemporary Continental Thinkers: The Phenomenological Heritage (pp. 105-126). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • ---. (2000). Hostipitality. (B. Stocker and F. Morlock, Trans.) in Angelaki: Journal of Theoretical Humanities, 5(3), 3-18.
  • ---. (2001). To Forgive: The Unforgivable and the Imprescriptible. J. D. Caputo, M. Dooley and M. J. Scanlon. (eds.) in Questioning God (pp. 21-51). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Dudouet, V. (2008). Nonviolent Resistance and Conflict Transformation in Power Asymmetries. Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268816877_Advancing_conflict_transformation_the_Berghof_Handbook_II/link/547896990cf293e2da2b2809/download (Accessed 27 May 2023)
  • ---. (2011). Nonviolent Resistance and Conflict Transformation in Power Asymmetries. B.
  • Austin, M. Fischer and H.J. Giessmann (Eds.) in Advancing Conflict Transformation (pp. 238-264). Michigan: Barbara Budrich Publishers.
  • Fischer, K. P. (2006). America in White, Black, and Gray: A History of the Stormy 1960s. New York and London: Continuum.
  • Gandhi, M. (1960). The Doctrine of the Sword. My Non-violence. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House.
  • ---. (1965). The Spiritual Dimensions of Non-Violence. T. Merton (Ed.), in Gandhi on Non-violence. New York: New Directions.
  • King, M. L. (2012). The Ways of Meeting Oppression. A. Rosa and P. Eschholz (Eds.) in Models for Writers Short Essays for Composition (pp. 465-468). Boston: Bedford / St. Martin’s.
  • Lang, B. (1970). Civil Disobedience and Nonviolence: A Distinction with a Difference. Ethics, 80 (2), 156-159.
  • Lederach, J.P. (1995). Preparing For Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures. New York: Syracuse University Press.
  • Malmvig, H. (2016). Eyes wide shut: power and creative visual counter-conducts in the battle for Syria, 2011–2014. Global Society, 30 (2), 258–278.
  • May, Todd. (2015). Nonviolent Resistance: A Philosophical Introduction. Cambridge and Malden: Polity Press. Michaud, Y. (1986). La Violence. Paris: PUF.
  • Ortner, S. (1995). Resistance and the problem of ethnographic refusal. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 37 (1), 173-193.
  • Partridge, E. (2006). Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Schinkel, W. (2010). Aspects of Violence: A Critical Theory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Sémelin, J. (1993). Unarmed Against Hitler: Civilian Resistance in Europe, 1939-1943. Westport: Praeger.
  • Sharp, Gene. (1973). The Politics of Nonviolent Action. Boston: Porter Sargent.
  • Smithey, L.A. and L.R. Kurtz. (2018). The Paradox of Repression and Nonviolent Movements. Internet Source. (Accessed 22 June 2023) https://works.swarthmore.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1178&context=fac-soc-anth
  • World Health Organization. (1996). Report of the WHO global consultation on violence and health, Geneva, 2–3 December. Unpublished report.
  • ---. (2002). World report on violence and health. E.G. Krug, L.L. Dahlberg, J.A. Mercy, A. B. Zwi and R. Lozano (Eds.) Geneva: WHO, Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dünya Dilleri, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü (Diğer)
Bölüm Tüm Sayı
Yazarlar

Yiğit Sümbül 0000-0001-9416-4249

Sengün M. Acar-keskin 0000-0001-9878-5835

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 22

Kaynak Göster

APA Sümbül, Y., & Acar-keskin, S. M. (2023). The Conceptual Aporia of Non-Violent Resistance: A Derridean Deconstructive Approach. HUMANITAS - Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(22), 370-382. https://doi.org/10.20304/humanitas.1321283