Mikrodalga ile yabancı ot kontrolü yönteminde farklı kabin boyutlarının mortalite oranına ve enerji yoğunluğuna etkisinin araştırılması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 80 - 90, 31.08.2021

Hasan Şahin

https://doi.org/10.46578/humder.825402

Öz

Yabancı ot mücadelesinde yaygın olarak kullanılan kimyasalların zararları anlaşıldıkça, özellikle organik tarım uygulamalarında, kimyasal olmayan mücadele yöntemleri yeni bir alternatif haline gelmektedir. Tarımsal üretimin artması ve gelişmiş ülkelerde tarımsal kimyasalların kullanımı ile ilgili bazı kısıtlamalara gidilmesi, çevreci yöntemler olan elektrik akımı ve mikrodalga için yeni bir fırsat olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, tarımsal üretimde istenmeyen bitki ve tohumların kontrolünde kullanılan 2.45 GHz frekanslı mikrodalga uygulamalarında, farklı mikrodalga kabin hacimlerinin olası ısıl ve performans etkileri araştırılmıştır. Mikrodalga kabinlerinde kalite faktörü olarak ifade edilen Q, yayılan dalgaların frekans genişliğine göre değiştiğinden, farklı kabin boyutlarının kalite faktörüne etkileri de değerlendirilmiştir. Farklı kabin hacimlerinde elde edilen kabin içi enerji yoğunlukları hesaplanarak, mikrodalga ile yabancı ot kontrolü yönteminde optimum kabin hacmi araştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

mikrodalga, yabancı ot kontrolü, kalite faktörü, kimyasal olmayan yöntem

Kaynakça

• [1] Daff, Weeds, Australian Department Of Agriculture, Fisheries And Foresty, 2006.
• [2] Hua, W, Bennett E, And Letcher R, 2006. Ozone Treatment And The Depletion Of Detectable Pharmaceuticals And Atrazine Herbicide İn Drinking Water Sorced From The Upper Detroit River Ontario Canada. Water Research 40 (2006) 2259-2266.
• [3] Ying, G, And Williams B, 2000. Dissipation Of Herbicides İn Soil And Grapesin A South Australian Vineyard. Agriculture, Ecosystem And Environment 78 (2000) 283-289.
• [4] Şahin, H., 2012. Tarımsal Üretimde Yabancı Ot Mücadelesinde Mikrodalga Yönteminin Uygulanabilirliğinin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Doktora Tezi, Harran Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• [5] Bajwa, A. A., Mahajan, G., & Chauhan, B. S. (2015). Nonconventional Weed Management Strategies For Modern Agriculture. Weed Science, 63(4), 723-747.
• [6] Revitt, D., M., Ellis, J., B. And Llewellyn, N.R., 2002. Seasonal Removal Herbicides İn Urban Runoff. Urban Water 4 (2002) 13-19.
• [7] Ascard, J. 1990. Weed Control İn Ecological Vegetable Farming. In A. Granstedt (Ed).Proceedings Of The Ecological Agriculture, Nordiske Jordbrugsforskeres Forening, Seminar, 166, 178-184.
• [8] Kang, W.,S., 2001. Development Of A Flame Weeder. American Society Of Agricultural Engineers. Vol.44 (5): 1065-1070.
• [9] Ferrell, J.A., Macdonald, G.E., Sellers, B., And Raınbott, C., 2007. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute Of Food And Agricultural Sciences University Of Florida.
• [10] White, G., Bond, B. And Pinel, M., 2000. Return To The Age Of Steam. Hdc News No. 61,12-14.
• [11] Hansson, D., Ascard, J., 2002. Influence Of Developmental Stage And Time Of Assessment On Hot Water Weed Control. Weed Res;42(4):307–16.
• [12] Hansson, D., J.,E., Mattsson, 2003. Effect Of Air Temperature, Rain And Drought On Hot Water Weed Control. European Weed Research Society Weed Research 43, 245-251.
• [13] Hansson, D., Mattsson, J.,E., 2002. Effect Of Drop Size, Water Flow, Wetting Agent And Water Temperature On Hot Water Weed Control. Crop Protection 21, 773-781.
• [14] Kurfess, W., S., Kliesinger, 2000. Effect Of Hot Water On Weeds. Proceedings 20 Th German Conference On Weed 265 Biology And Weed Control, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, 473- 477, Germany.
• [15] Vale, S. 1998. Mechanical Weeder Uses Compressed Air. Vegetable Farmer, Act Publishing, Maidstone, Uk, (August), 24-26.
• [16] Fergedal, S., 1993. Weed Control By Freezing With Liquid Nitrogen And Carbon Dioxide Snow; A Comparison Between Flaming And Freezing. Communications Of The 4th International Conference I.F.O.A.M. Non-Chemical Weed Control, Dijon, France, 163-166.
• [17] Heisel, T., J. Schou, S. Christensen, C. Andreasen, 2001. Cutting Weeds With A CO2 Laser. European Weed Research Society Weed Research, 41, 19-29.
• [18] Heisel, T., Schou, J., Andreasen, C., Christensen, S., 2002. Using Laser To Measure Stem Thickness And Cut Weed Stems. European Weed Research Society Weed Research 42, 242-248.
• [19] Davis, F., Wayland, J., Merkle, M., 1971. Ultrahigh-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields For Weed Control: Phytotoxicity And Selectivity. Science, 173, 535–537.
• [20] Nelson, S., O., 1996. A Review And Assessment Of Microwave Energy For Soil Treatment to Control Pests. Transactions of the Asae, 39(1), 281–289.
• [21] Kawala, Zdzisław; Atamańczuk, Tomasz. Microwave-Enhanced Thermal Decontamination of Soil. Environmental Science & Technology, 1998, 32.17: 2602-2607.
• [22] Jones, D. A., Lelyveld, T. P., Mavrofidis, S. D., Kingman, S. W., & Miles, N. J. (2002). Microwave Heating Applications İn Environmental Engineering-A Review. Resources, Conservation And Recycling, 34(2), 75-90.
• [23] Vidmar, M., 2005. An Improved Microwave Weed Killer. Microwave Journal October 1, 2005.
• [24] Pluenneke, R. H., & Dykes, W. G. (1975). Method And Apparatus For Using Electrical Current to Destroy Grasses and Weeds.
• [25] FDA, Us, Center For Devices And Radiological Health. Microwave Oven Radiation. U.S. Food and Drug Administration; 2000. Www.Fda.Gov/Cdrh/Consumer.
• [26] Halliday, D., Resnick, R., Krane, K.,S., 2002. Fundamentals of Physics, John Wiley&Sons Inc., 2002, USA.
• [27] Hansson, D., J.,E., Mattsson, 2003. Effect Of Air Temperature, Rain And Drought On Hot Water Weed Control. European Weed Research Society Weed Research 43, 245-251.
• [28] Balanis, C., A., 1989. Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, John Wiley&Sons Inc., USA.
• [29] Mullin, J., 1995. Microwave processing. In G. W. Gould (Ed.), New methods of food preservation (pp. 112–134). Bishopbriggs, UK: Blackie Academic and Professional.
• [30] Metaxas,A., C. And Meredith R., J., 1993. Industrial Microwave Heating. Iee Power Engineering Series 4, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London.
• [31] Krasewski., A., W. And Nelson, S., O., 1995. Application Of Microwave Techniques in Agricultural Research. Sbmo/Ieee Mtt-S International Microwave And Optoelectronics Conference, Pp 117–126.
• [32] Mudgett, R.E. 1986a. Electrical Properties Of Foods “İn, Engineering Properties Of Foods, Eds M.A. Rao And S.S.H. Risvi” Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Basel, 544 pages. [33] Buffler, Cr. Microwave Cooking And Processing: Engineering Fundamentals For The Food Scientist. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold; 1993.
• [34] Ark, P.A. And Perry, W., “Application Of High Frequency Electrostatic Field İn Agriculture”, The Quarterly Rewiev Of Biology, Vol.6, No:3, Pp.277-287, 1979.
• [35] Geyde, R., Smıth, F. K., Westaway, Alı, H., Baldısera, L., Laberge L., Rousell, J., Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 279-283.
• [36] Giguere, R. J., Bray, T. L., Duncan, S., Majetıch, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4945-4949.
• [37] Hill, A ,Ilsi Europe Mıcrowave Oven Task Force. Microwave Ovens. Brussels: Ilsı Europe; 1998.
• [38] Decareau, R.V. Chapter One: History Of The Microwave Oven. In: Microwave Foods: New Product Development. Trumbull: Food & Nutrition Press, Inc.; 1992. P.1-46.
• [39] Salisbury, F. B. and ROSS, C. W. 1992, Plant Physiology, Wadsworth, Belmont, California, USA, 4th edition.
• [40] Brodie, G., Hamılton, S. And Woodworth, J.2007. “An Assessment Of Microwave Soil Pasteurization For Killing Seeds And Weeds,” Plant Protection Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 4, Pp. 143–149, 2007.
• [41] Ohlsson, T. Domestic Use Of Microwave Ovens. In: Macrae R, Robinson, Rk And Sadler, Mj, Editors. Encyclopaedia Of Food Science Food Technology And Nutrition. Vol. 2. London: Academic Press; 1993. P. 1232-1237.
• [42] Diprose, M. F. , Benson, F. A. And Willis, A. J. “The Effect Of Externally Applied Electrostatic Fields, Microwave Radiation And Electric Currents On Plants And Other Organisms, With Special Reference To Weed Control,” The Botanical Review, Vol. 50, No. 2, Pp. 171–223, 1984.
• [43] Velazquez-Martí, B., Gracia-López, C., & De La Puerta, R. (2008). Work Conditions For Microwave Applicators Designed To Eliminate Undesired Vegetation İn A Field. Biosystems Engineering, 100(1), 31-37.
• [44] Sahin, H., (2014). Effects of Microwaves on The Germination of Weed Seeds. Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 39(4), 304-309.
• [45] Rana, A., & Derr, J. F. (2018). Responses Of Ten Weed Species To Microwave Radiation Exposure As Affected By Plant Size. Journal Of Environmental Horticulture, 36(1), 14-20.
• [46] Khan, M. J., Brodie, G., & Gupta, D. (2016). Effect Of Microwave (2.45 Ghz) Treatment of Soil on Yield Components Of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.). Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 50(3), 191-200.
• [47] Nelson, S. O. (2018). Rf Electrical Seed Treatment To Improve Germination. In 2018 Asabe Annual International Meeting (P. 1). American Society Of Agricultural And Biological Engineers.
• [48] Şahin, H. (2020). Investigating the effect of single and multiple electrodes on mortality ratio in electric current weed control method with NDVI technique. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 35(4), 1973-1984.
• [49] Cretescu, I., Căpriță, R., Velicevici, G., Ropciuc, S., & Buzamat, G. (2013). Response of Barley Seedlings To Microwaves At 2.45 Ghz. Scientific Papers Animal Science And Biotechnologies, 46(1), 185-191.
• [50] Skiles, J.W. (2006). Plant Response To Microwaves At 2.45 Ghz. Acta Astronautica, 58(5), 258- 263.
• [51] Who, 2018. Http://Www.Who.İnt/Peh-Emf/Publications/Facts/İnfo_Microwaves/En/
• [52] Baghurst, David R. And Mingos, D. Michael P. Microwave Processing Of Materials, the National Academies, 1992.
• [53] Feng, J.C., Meng,Q.U.,Lıu,Y.,And Daı, L.,Org. Prep. Proc. Int. 1997, 29, 687-689.
• [54] Fakhouri, M. O., and Ramaswamy, H.S. (1993). Temperature Uniformity of Microwave Heated Foods as Influenced by Product Type and Composition. Food Research Int. 26(2), 89– 95.
• [55] Funawatashi, Y., & Suzuki, T. (2003). Numerical Analysis Of Microwave Heating of a Dielectric. Heat Transfer-Asian Research, 32(3), 227–236.
• [56] Miler, N., & Kulus, D. (2018). Microwave Treatment Can İnduce Chrysanthemum Phenotypic and Genetic Changes. Scientia Horticulturae, 227, 223-233.
• [57] Taheri, S., Brodie, G., Jacob, M. V., & Antunes, E. (2018). Dielectric Properties Of Chickpea, Red and Green Lentil İn The Microwave Frequency Range As A Function of Temperature and Moisture Content. Journal of Microwave Power And Electromagnetic Energy, 1-17.
• [58] Gunesakaran , S., 1990. Grain Drying Using Continuous And Pulsed Microwave Energy. Drying Technology, 8(5), 1039–1047.
• [59] Adu, B., & Otten, L. (1996). Microwave Heating and Mass Transfer Characteristics of White Beans. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 64(1), 71-78.
• [60] Warchalewski, J. R., Gralık, J., Wojtasıak, R. Z., Zabıelskı, J., And Kusnnıerz, R. (1998). The Evaluation of Wheat Grain Odour and Colour After Gamma and Microwave İrradiation. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, 1(1), 1–11.
• [61] Funebo, T., & Ohlsson, T. (1998). Microwave Assisted Air Dehydration of Apple and Mushroom. Journal of Food Engineering, 38(3), 353–367.
• [62] Krokida, M. K., Maroulis, Z. B., & Saravacos, G. D. 2001. The Effect of The Method of Drying on The Color of Dehydrated Products. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 36(1), 53–59.
• [63] Blaszczak, W., Gralık, J., Klockıewıcz-Kamınska, E., Fornal, J., & Warchalewskı, J. R., 2002. Effect of Radiation and Microwave Heating on Endosperm Microstructure in Relation to Some Technological Properties of Wheat Grain. Nahrung/Food, 46(2), 122–129.
• [64] Brodie, G. (2018). The Use Of Physics İn Weed Control. Non-Chemical Weed Control, 33-59.
• [65] De Wilde, M., Buisson, E., Yavercovski, N., Willm, L., Bieder, L., & Mesléard, F. (2017). Using Microwave Soil Heating to Inhibit Invasive Species Seed Germination. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 10(3), 262-270.
• [66] Rana, A., & Derr, J. F. (2017). Determining The Microwave Radiations Exposure Level Needed For Weed Control Using A Stationary and Running Belt Microwave Radiations Applicator System. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 35(2), 58-65.
• [67] Sahin, H., & Saglam, R. (2015). A Research About Microwave Effects on The Weed Plants. Journal of Agricutural and Biological Science, 10, 79-84.
• [68] Sahin, H., & Yalınkılıc, M. (2017). Using Electric Current As A Weed Control Method. European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2(6), 59-64.
• [69] Rana, A., & Derr, J. F. (2017). Determining The Microwave Radiations Exposure Level Needed For Weed Control Using A Stationary And Running Belt Microwave Radiations Applicator System. Journal Of Environmental Horticulture, 35(2), 58-65.
• [70] Vollmer, M. (2004). Physics of the Microwave Oven.www.iop.Org/Journals/Physed.
• [71] https://www.mathsisfun.com/physics/waves-radio-microwave.html (01.11.2020)