Çocuklarda, Nörobiyolojik Nedenlere Bağlı Şiddet Davranışlarının Disiplin ve Ceza Sorumluluğu Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Çocuk ve ergenlerin şiddet davranışlarında pek çok faktör etkili olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çocuklarda ve ergenlerde görülen şiddet ve saldırgan davranışların nörolojik, biyolojik, hormonal ve genetik boyutlarını inceleyerek suç davranışının değerlendirilmesine ve önlenmesine katkıda bulunmaktır. Bir diğer amaç ise, çocukların suç davranışlarında ceza sorumluluğunun nöro-hukuk bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesini destekleyen çalışmaları incelemektir. Ayrıca çocukların ceza sorumluluğunun değerlendirilmesinde disiplin ve ceza hukuku arasındaki farklılıklara dikkat çekilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ergenlik, genellikle hayatın zorlu bir dönemidir Bu dönemde frontal lob ve prefrontal korteksin tam olgunlaşmasıyla bilinçli düşünme, karar verme, eylemlerin sonuçlarını öngörme, dürtü kontrolü, planlama, problem çözme, devamlılık, tutarlılık, davranış kontrolü ve risk değerlendirmesi gibi pek çok süreç mümkün olur. Frontal lob gelişimindeki gecikmeler ve prefrontal korteksteki olası lezyonlar olumsuz duygusal tepkilere ve şiddet içeren davranışlara yol açabilir. Şiddet içerikli antisosyal davranış ve yüksek dürtüsellik düzeyleri sıklıkla beynin prefrontal lob bölgesiyle ilişkilidir. Çalışmalar antisosyal ve suçlu bireylerin prefrontal korteks, temporal korteks, insula, amigdala ve hipokampüste yapısal ve işlevsel anormalliklere sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu nedenlerden dolayı, ergenlerin suç davranışlarında cezai sorumlulukla ilgili değerlendirmeler ve düzenlemelerin yeniden gözden geçirilmesi gerekmektedir. Beyin yapısı ve genetiğiyle ilgili son gelişmelerin dikkate alınması, suç işleyen çocuk ve ergenlerin ceza sorumluluğunun değerlendirilmesine ve çocuk adalet sisteminin sağlıklı işleyişine katkıda bulunacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocuk
• ergen
• şiddet
• suç
• cezai sorumluluk
• nöro-hukuk

Evaluation of Criminal Responsibility in Terms of Discipline and Criminal Law in the Neurobiological and Genetic Causes of Violence Behaviors in Children and Adolescents

Öz

Many factors can be effective in the violent behavior of children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to contribute to the evaluation and prevention of criminal behavior by examining the neurological, biological, hormonal and genetic dimensions of violent and aggressive behaviors seen in children and adolescents. Another aim is to examine studies that support the evaluation of criminal responsibility in children's criminal behavior from a neuro-legal perspective. Another aim of the study is to draw attention to the differences between disciplinary and criminal law in the assessment of children's criminal responsibility. Adolescence is generally a challenging period of life. During this period, many processes such as conscious thinking, decision-making, foreseeing the consequences of actions, impulse control, planning, problem solving, continuity, consistency, behavioral control, and risk assessment are possible with the full maturation of the frontal lobe and prefrontal cortex. Delays in the development of the frontal lobe and lesions in the prefrontal cortex can lead to negative emotional reactions and violent behavior. Violent antisocial behavior and high levels of impulsivity are often associated with the prefrontal lobe region of the brain. Studies have shown that antisocial and criminal individuals have structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, insula, amygdala and hippocampus. For these reasons, evaluations and regulations regarding criminal responsibility in adolescents' criminal behavior need to be reconsidered. Taking into account the latest developments regarding brain structure and genetics will contribute to the assessment of criminal responsibility of children and adolescents who commit crimes and to the healthy functioning of the juvenile justice system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Child neuro-law
• violence
• crime
• criminal liability

Destekleyen Kurum

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Etik Beyan

Since the study does not involve human or animal subjects, ethical committee approval was not required.

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