Dil Öğretiminde Mikro Öğrenme: Yeni Eğilimler ve Karşılaşılan Güçlükler Üzerine Sistematik Tematik Bir İnceleme

Öz

Teknolojinin hızlı evrimi ve dijital yerliler olarak adlandırılan kuşakların değişen öğrenme tercihleri, dil eğitiminde yenilikçi pedagojik yaklaşımların benimsenmesini zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu sistematik tematik analiz, bilişsel yükü azaltma, öğrenen katılımını artırma ve dil edinimi sonuçlarını iyileştirme bağlamında mikro öğrenme yaklaşımının rolünü incelemektedir. 2014–2025 yılları arasında yayımlanmış 65 çalışmanın sistematik tematik analizi yoluyla öne çıkan temalar, yöntemsel eğilimler, elde edilen bulgular, öneriler ve uygulamaya yönelik zorluklar ortaya konmuştur. Bulgular, mikro öğrenmenin, Bilişsel Yük Kuramı ve Öz Belirleme Kuramı ile uyumlu biçimde yapılandırılmış kısa ve etkileşimli içerikler sunarak öğrenmenin kalıcılığı, motivasyonu ve beceri edinimini anlamlı ölçüde artırdığını göstermektedir. Araştırma alanında deneysel ve yarı-deneysel çalışmalar (%32) ön plana çıkmakta; bu çalışmalar mikro öğrenmenin kelime bilgisi, dil bilgisi ve telaffuz öğretimindeki etkinliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Nitel bulgular (%29) ise bu yaklaşımın farklı eğitim bağlamlarına uyarlanabilirliğini vurgulamaktadır. Duolingo gibi mobil uygulamalar ve TikTok gibi sosyal medya platformları, özellikle Y ve Z kuşağı öğrencileri arasında etkileşimi artırmak için çoklu ortam olanaklarından faydalanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, içerik derinliği sınırlılıkları, teknolojik erişim eşitsizlikleri ve yapılandırılmış pedagojik çerçeve eksiklikleri gibi sorunlar devam etmektedir. Yapılan analiz, mikro öğrenmenin müfredat yeniden tasarımı, öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimi ve pandemi sonrası eğitim dönüşümünde önemli bir potansiyel taşıdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmada, etkileşimli unsurların öğrenme süreçlerine entegre edilmesi, içerik sunumunda kısalık ile derinlik arasında denge sağlanması ve dijital erişim eşitsizliklerinin giderilmesi yönünde öneriler sunmaktadır. Mikro öğrenme umut verici bulgular ortaya koymakla birlikte, bu yaklaşımın uzun vadeli etkileri, geniş ölçekli uygulanabilirliği ve üst düzey bilişsel becerilerin geliştirilmesine katkısı konularında hâlâ önemli boşluklar bulunmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma, mikro öğrenmenin geleneksel öğretim yöntemleriyle harmanlandığı, yapay zekâ destekli kişiselleştirme olanaklarının sunulduğu ve eğitim kaynaklarının adil biçimde dağıtıldığı hibrit modellerin benimsenmesinin, dil eğitiminde daha kapsamlı ve sürdürülebilir etkiler yaratabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikro öğrenme
• dil öğretimi
• tematik analiz
• dil öğretiminde eğilimler

Microlearning in Language Education: A Systematic Review of Emerging Trends and Challenges (2014-2025)

Öz

The rapid evolution of technology and shifting learning preferences of digitally native generations have necessitated innovative pedagogical approaches in language education. This systematic review investigates the role of bite-sized learning, or microlearning, in addressing cognitive overload, enhancing engagement, and improving language acquisition outcomes. Through a systematic review of 65 studies [2014–2025 (July)], the study identifies dominant themes, methodological trends, outcomes, suggestions and implementation challenges. Findings reveal that microlearning significantly enhances retention, motivation, and skill acquisition by delivering content in concise, interactive formats aligned with Cognitive Load Theory and Self-Determination Theory. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies (32%) dominate the research landscape, demonstrating efficacy in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation training, while qualitative insights (29%) underscore its adaptability across educational contexts. Key platforms such as mobile apps (e.g., Duolingo) and social media (e.g., TikTok) leverage multimedia to foster engagement, particularly among Generation Y and Z learners. However, challenges persist, including content depth limitations, technological accessibility disparities, and a lack of structured pedagogical frameworks. The synthesis highlights microlearning’s potential in curriculum redesign, teacher professional development, and post-pandemic educational transformation. Recommendations emphasize integrating interactive elements, balancing brevity with depth, and addressing digital divides. Despite its promise, gaps remain in long-term impact assessments, scalability, and higher-order skill development. This study advocates hybrid models that combine microlearning with traditional methods, AI-driven personalization, and equitable resource allocation to optimize its macro impact on language education.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bite-sized learning
• language teaching
• thematic analysis
• trends in language teaching

Kaynakça

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