COVID-19 Pandemisinde Çocuklar ve Pediatri Hemşiresinin Rolleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 66 - 75, 09.08.2020

Hatice Pars

https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.776493

Cited By: 5

Öz

Yeni bir tür koronavirüs olan SARS-CoV-2 ilk olarak Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan kentinde bildirilmiş, hızla tüm dünyaya yayılmış ve 11 Mart 2020 tarihi itibari ile Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. 22 Mayıs 2020 itibari ile 4.993.470 kişinin enfekte olduğu COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna bağlı mortalite %6.6 olarak belirlenmiştir. Mevcut verilere göre teşhis edilen COVID-19 vakalarının yaklaşık %1 ile %5'ini çocuklar oluşturmaktadır. Çocuklarda enfeksiyonun klinik özellikleri daha çok asemptomatik olarak seyretmektedir. Erişkinlere göre ciddi klinik seyir daha az görülmekle birlikte, 1 yaş altı grupta ve altta yatan hastalığı bulunan çocuklarda ciddi hastalık görülme riski daha fazladır. Damlacık ve temas yolu ile bulaşmanın yanında, yapılan çalışmalar COVID-19’un dışkı sonuçlarında nazofarengeal testlerden daha uzun süre pozitif kaldığını göstermektedir. Pediatrik hastalarda COVID-19'un epidemiyolojik ve klinik tablosu ve tedavi yaklaşımları, pek çok rapor yayınlanmasına rağmen halen belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Pandemi sırasında çocuk sağlığının korunması ve geliştirilmesinde ve COVID-19 çocuk olgularda tedavi ve bakım sürecinde pediatri hemşirelerinin önemli görevleri bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, COVID-19 çocuk olgularda epidemiyoloji, klinik özellikler, tanı ve tedavi süreci ve pandemi sırasında pediatri hemşiresinin rollerini ortaya koymaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Çocuk, Hemşire, Yeni tip koronavirüs

Children in COVID-19 Pandemic and The Roles of Pediatric Nurses

Öz

SARS-CoV-2, a new type of coronavirus, was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, quickly spread all over the world and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as of March 11, 2020. By 22th May 2020, mortality due to COVID-19 infection, in which 4,993,470 people were infected, was determined as 6.6%. Approximately 1% to 5% of COVID-19 cases diagnosed according to available data are children. The clinical course of infection among children is generally asymptomatic. Although the severe clinical course is less common than adults, risk of severe disease is higher among children under 1 year old and children with underlying disease. In addition to contamination by droplet and contact, studies show that coronavirus remains positive for longer periods in stool samples than nasopharyngeal samples. Although many reports have been published on the epidemiological and clinical picture and treatment approaches of COVID-19 in pediatric patients, it remains uncertain. Pediatric nurses play an important role in the protection and development of child health and in the treatment and care process of COVID-19 pediatric cases during pandemic. The aim of this review is to reveal the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment process in COVID-19 pediatric cases and the roles of the pediatric nurse during pandemic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Child, COVID-19, Nurse, Novel coronavirüs

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