Nursing Care of the Patients with Malnutrition

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 74 - 81, 01.06.2007

Yard.Doç.Dr. Ümran Dal

Öz

Malnutrition, the most common nutritional disorder in the world, which affects a lot of organs and systems, is caused by insufficient intake of minerals, vitamins, carbonhydrates and proteins. The level of development, socio-cultural structure, and physiological and psychological factors do play an important role in eating disorders. Patients with malnutrition are in need of intensive nursing care. The holistic approach is crucial in nursing care. Nursing care includes the satisfaction of eating needs, education of the patient and his family, and the meeting of psychological needs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Malnutrition, nutritional disorders, enteral and parenteral nutrition, nursing care

Malnutrisyonu Olan Hastanın Hemşirelik Bakımı

Öz

Malnütrisyon sağlıklı yaşam için gerekli olan, protein, karbonhidrat, yağ, vitamin, mineral gibi besin maddelerinin yetersiz alınmasından kaynaklanan ve vücuttaki bir çok organı, sistemi etkileyen, bugün tüm dünyada en yaygın beslenme bozukluğudur. Beslenme bozukluklarında gelişmişlik, sosyokültürel yapı, fizyolojik ve psikolojik faktörler rol oynamaktadır. Malnütrisyonu olan hastalar kapsamlı hemşirelik bakımı gerektirir. Hemşirelik bakımında holistik yaklaşım esastır. Hemşirelik bakımı; beslenme gereksinimlerinin karşılanmasını, hasta ve ailenin eğitimini ve psikolojik gereksinimlerinin karşılanmasını içerir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Malnütrisyon, beslenme bozukluğu, enteral ve parenteral beslenme, hemşirelik bakımı

Kaynakça

• Lemone P, Burke K. Nursing Care of Clients With Nutritional Disorders, Medical Surgical Nursing, Critical Thinking in Clint Care 2004; Pearson Education International. New Jersey: 523-539.
• Isabel M, Correia TD and Waitzberg DL. The impact of malnutrition on morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay and costs evaluated through a multivariate model analysis. Clinical Nutrition 2003; 22 (3): 235-239.
• Singh H, Watt K, Veitch R, Cantor M, Duerksen DR. Malnutrition is prevalent in hospitalized medical patients are housestaff identifying the malnourished patient? Nutrition 2006; 22 (4): 350-354.
• Jacobsson A, Pihl-Lindgren E, Fridlund B. Malnutrition in patients suffering from chronic heart failure the nurse’s care. European Journal of Heart Failure 2001; 3 (4): 449-456.
• Pirlich M, Schütz T, Norman K, Gastell S, Lübke HJ, Bischoff SC, Bolder U, Frieling T, Güldenzoph H, Hahn K. The German Hospital malnutrition study. Clinical Nutrition Available from: http:// www. sciencedirect.com/science/Accessed: 20 Haziran 2006.
• Pirlich M, Schütz T, Kemps M, Luhman N, Minko N, Lübke HJ, Rossnagel K, Willich SN, Lochs H. Social risk factors for hospital malnutrition. Nutrition 2005; 21 (3): 295-300.
• Kılıçturgay S. Malnütrisyon ve hastaların beslenme durumlarının değerlendirilmesi enteralparenteral beslenme. Türkiye Diyetisyenler Derneği Yayını, Ankara 1996; (8): 6-16.
• Ockenga J, Freudenreich M, Zakonsky R, Norman K, Pirlich M. Lochs H. Nutritional assessment and management in hospitalised patients implication for DRG-based reimbursement and health care quality. Clinical Nutrition 2005; 24 (6): 913-919.
• Kyle UG, Kossovsky MP, Karsegard VL, Pichard C. Comparison of tools for nutritional assessment and screening at hospital admission a population study. Clinical Nutrition. Available from: http://www. sciencedirect.com/science/Accessed: 26 Mayıs 2006.
• Kyle UG, Pirlich M, Lochs H, Schuetz T, Pichard C. Increased length of hospital stay in underweight and overweight patients at hospital admission: a controlled population study. Clinical Nutrition 2005; 24 (1): 133-142.
• Kruizenga HM, Jonge P, Seidell JC, Neelemaat F, Bodegraven AA, Wierdsma NJ. and Bokhorstde van der Schueren MAE. Are malnourished patients complex patients?. Health status and care complexity of malnourished patients detected by the short nutritional assessment questionnaire (SNAQ). European Journal of Internal Medicine 2006; 17 (3): 189-194.
• Keçecioğlu S. Enteral beslenme uygulamaları ve geçiş diyetlerinin planlanması. Enteral-Parenteral Beslenme. Türkiye Diyetisyenler Derneği Yayını Ankara 1996; (8): 53-61.
• Smith SF, Duell DJ, Martin BC. “Nutritional management and NG intubation”, Clinical Nursing Skills, Basic to Advanced Skills. Pearson Prentice Hall 2005; 575-598.
• Gündoğdu H. Total Parenteral Beslenme. Enteral-Parenteral Beslenme. Türkiye Diyetisyenler Derneği Yayını Ankara 1996; 8: 74-81.
• Avcı G, Bayraktar N. Hemşirelerin enteral beslenmeye ilişkin bilgi düzeyleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2003; 10 (2): 41-53.
• Sutton CD, Garcea G, Pollard C, Berry DP, Dennision AR. The introduction of a nutrition clinical nurse specialist results in a reduction in the rate of catheter sepsis. Clinical Nutrition 2005; 24 (2): 220-223.
• Wengler A, Micklewright A, Heburturne X, Bozzetti F, Pertkiewicz M, Moreno J, Pironi C, Thul P, Gossum A, Staun M. Monitoring of patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in Europe a questionnaire based study on monitoring practice in 42 center. Clinical Nutrition.Available from :http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/Accessed: 20 Mayıs 2006.