Alzheimer Hastalarının Bilişsel ve Davranışsal Sorunları Üzerine Etkili Bir Yöntem: Anımsama Terapisi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 60 - 68, 22.03.2016

Güler Duru Aşiret , Sevgisun Kapucu

Öz

Alzheimer, bireylerde hem bilişsel hem de fiziksel fonksiyonlarda  yıkıma neden olmakta ve artan yıkım ile birlikte bireyler zamanla bakıma muhtaç hale gelmektedir. Alzheimer tedavisinde kullanılan farmakolojik yöntemler genellikle hastalığın semptomları üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu nedenle Alzheimer hastalarında görülen semptomların yönetiminde farmakolojik olmayan uygulamalar önem kazanmaktadır. Bu uygulamalar arasında en yaygın kullanılan yöntemlerden birisi “Anımsama Terapisi” dir. Bağımsız bir hemşirelik müdahalesi olan anımsama terapisinde, yaşlı bireylerin geçmiş olumlu deneyimlerini anımsamaları sağlanarak, bu deneyimler üzerine konuşulmakta ve bireysel ya da grup içerisinde olumlu duyguların paylaşımı sağlanmaktadır. Genellikle anımsama terapisi, 2-5 kişilik gruplar ile haftada bir gün, 30-45 dakika süre ile toplam 12 hafta olarak yapılmaktadır. Araştırmalarda anımsama terapisinin Alzheimer hastalarının bilişsel ve davranışsal sorunları üzerinde etkili olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu makalede anımsama terapisi uygulaması için bir bilgi birikiminin sağlanması ve ülkemizdeki hemşirelik uygulamaları arasında anımsama terapisinin kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alzheimer, anımsama terapisi, hemşirelik

An Effective Method on Cognitive and Behavioral Problems of Alzheimer Patients: Reminiscence Therapy

Öz

Alzheimer’s disease causes deteriorations in both cognitive and physical functions and patients gradually require more care with these increasing deteriorations. Pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s are usually effective on symptoms of the disease. Therefore, non-pharmacological therapies are gaining importance in management of the symptoms that are experienced by Alzheimer patients. Among those non-pharmacologic therapies, “Reminiscence Therapy” is one of the most common methods. In reminiscence therapy, which is an independent nursing intervention, older adults are encouraged to recall and discuss their positive past experiences, and share their positive emotions in individual or group sessions. Usually, reminiscence therapy is administered for consecutive 12 weeks with 30-45 minute duration sessions within groups consisting 2-5 people. Recent studies showed the effectiveness of reminiscence therapy in management of cognitive and behavioral problems of Alzheimer patients. This article aims to provide basic information on reminiscence therapy and increase the use of reminiscence therapy among nursing interventions in our country.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alzheimer’s disease, reminiscence therapy, nursing

Kaynakça

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