Küresel Finansal Kriz, Covid-19 Pandemisi ve Banka Sahiplik Yapısının Türkiye'deki Takipteki Krediler Üzerindeki Etkileri

Öz

Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Yöntemi ile 2002-2020 dönemi için 23 mevduat bankasının verilerini kullanan bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki takipteki kredilerin bankaya özgü ve makroekonomik belirleyicilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. İyi çalısan bir bankacılık sistemi için takipteki kredilerin ampirik belirleyicilerini tespit etmek önemlidir. Bu kapsamda özellikle küresel finansal krizin, Covid-19 salgınının ve banka sahiplik yapısının takipteki krediler üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanılmaktadır. Ek bilgi sağlamak için, incelenen periyot kriz öncesi ve kriz sonrası dönemler olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Sonuçlar, takipteki kredilerin açıklanmasında hem bankaya özgü hem de makroekonomik faktörlerin önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, son küresel mali krizin önemli bir etkisi olduğuna dair herhangi bir kanıt bulunmazken, Covid-19 pandemisinin olumsuz etkisi gözlemlenmiştir. Daha da ilginci, banka sahiplik yapısının takipteki krediler üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olmadığıdır. Ayrıca, takipteki kredilerin belirleyicileri kriz öncesi ve kriz sonrası dönemlerde büyük farklılıklar göstermektedir. Güçlü bir bankacılık ve finansal sistemin finansal kaynakların etkin dağılımı ve böylece makroekonomik istikrar konusunda önemli bir rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Takipteki Krediler
• Finans Kurumlar
• Panel Veri Analizi
• Covid-19 Pandemisi
• Sahiplik Yapısı
• Küresel Finansal Kriz

THE EFFECTS OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, AND BANK OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ON NON-PERFORMING LOANS IN TURKEY

Öz

Using System Generalized Method of Moments and data for 23 deposit banks over the period 2002-2020 this study aims to investigate the bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of non-performing loans in Turkey. For a well-functioning banking system, it is important to understand the empirical determinants of non-performing loans. In this context, we particularly focus on the effects of global financial crisis, Covid-19 pandemic, and bank ownership structure on non-performing loans. To provide additional insights, we divide our sample into two as the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. Our results indicate that both bank-specific and macroeconomic factors play a significant role in explaining the non-performing loans. Moreover, we find a negative impact of Covid-19 pandemic while there is no evidence for any significant impact of the last global financial crisis. More interesting is to note that bank ownership structure does not exert any significant effect on non-performing loans. Furthermore, the determinants of non-performing loans greatly differ in pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. We think that a sound banking and financial system would play a decisive role for allocating financial resources and thus supporting macroeconomic stability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Non-Performing Loans
• Financial Institutions
• Panel Data Analysis
• Covid-19 Pandemic
• Ownership Structure
• Global Financial Crisis

Kaynakça

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