Enerji Tüketimi, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Karbon Emisyonları İlişkisinin N-Şekilli Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi: Yeni Sanayileşmiş Ülkeler (NICs)

Öz

İklim değişikliği ve çevresel bozulma son yıllarda tüm dünyanın üzerinde yoğunlaştığı bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu konuya yönelik olarak yapılan birçok çalışmada Ters U şeklinde Kuznets eğrisinin varlığı analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada çevresel bozulma ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin uzun vadedeki pozisyonunu görebilmek için N şekilli Kuznets Eğrisini de analiz etmeye yönelik model kurulmuştur. Çalışmada ayrıca dünya karbon emisyonuna ciddi oranda etkide bulunan yeni sanayileşmiş ülkeler (NICs) ele alınmıştır. 1970'ten 2019'a kadar geçen süre içinde çevresel bozulma ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için panel veri analizi kullanılmıştır. Analizde öncelikle yatay kesit bağımlılığı (CSD) test edilmiş ve sonuçlara göre ikinci nesil testleri ile devam edileceği kararına varılmıştır. Ardından yapılan Westerlund eşbütünleşme analizinde seriler arasında eşbütünleşme olduğu ve uzun dönemde birlikte hareket edecekleri sonucu elde edilmiştir. Son olarak uzun dönem tahmincilerinden CCE metodu kullanılmış ve üç ayrı model kurularak analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler neticesinde enerji tüketiminin karbon emisyonunu pozitif yönde etkilediği, panelin geneli için ters U şeklinde Kuznets Eğrisinin varlığının ve yine panelin genelinde N şekilli Kuznets eğrisinin varlığının kanıtlanamadığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enerji Tüketimi
• Ekonomik Büyüme
• Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi
• Karbon Emisyonu

EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND CARBON EMISSIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE N-SHAPED ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE: NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES (NICS)

Öz

Climate change and environmental degradation have become an issue that has focused on the whole world in recent years. In many studies on this subject, the existence of an inverted U-shaped Kuznets Curve has been analyzed. In this study, a model was established to analyze the N-shaped Kuznets Curve in order to see the long-term position of the relation between economic growth andenvironmental degradation. New industrialized Countries (NICs), which have a substantial effect on world carbon emissions, are also discussed in the study. Panel data analysis was used to examine the relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth over the period from 1970 to 2019.In the analysis, first of all, the cross-section dependence (CSD) was tested and it was decided that the second-generation tests would be continued according to the results. In the subsequent Westerlund hand-integration analysis, it was concluded that there was co-integration between the series and that they would act together in the long run. Finally, the CCE method, which is one of the long-term estimators, was used and analyzes were carried out by establishing three different models. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that energy consumption positively affects carbon emissions, the existence of an inverted U-shaped Kuznets Curve for the entire panel and the existence of an N-shaped Kuznets Curve throughout the panel could not be proven.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Economic Growth
• Environmental Kuznets Curve
• Carbon Emission
• Energy Consumption

Kaynakça

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