TÜRKİYE'DE SAĞLIKLILIK HALİ: BİR PSEUDO-PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Öz

Çalışma, Türkiye’deki bireylerin sağlık düzeylerini belirleyen faktörleri ampirik olarak incelemektedir. Çalışma ayrıca mikro veri seti kullanarak Türkiye’de kapalı ortam hava kirliliğinin sağlık üzerindeki rolünü araştıran ilk makale olma özelliği ile de önem arz etmektedir. İlgili analizler Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK) Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Anketi (2006-2012) yatay kesit verileri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Yaş kohortları temelinde oluşturulan pseudo panel verileri kullanılarak uygulanan yöntemlerden birincisi olan Uyarlanmış Probit Sabit Etkiler Modeli ile, zamandan bağımsız değişen bölgesel karakteristiklerin kontrolü ve böylece tahminlerdeki yanlılığın önlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İkinci yöntem olan Rassal Etkiler Sıralı Logit Modeli de, ilk yöntemle elde edilen sonuçların bu yöntemle de geçerli olup olmadığını görmek için uygulanmıştır. Sosyoekonomik statü gibi fertlere ve hanehalklarına ait pek çok değişken analize dahil edilmiştir. Bunlardan eğitim ile gelirin ve onları takiben istihdam durumu ve medeni halin bireylerin sağlıklı olma hallerini etkileyen en önemli iki faktör olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Kapalı ortam hava kirliliğine ilişkin olarak, elektrik ve doğal gaz kullanımının kömür ve odun kullanımının tersine sağlığı pozitif yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Çalışmadaki nihai bulgular, eğitimde yeniden yapılandırma politikalarının, gelir eşitliğini sağlayıcı politikaların, temiz hava koşullarını sağlamaya yönelik girişimlerin sağlıklı bireylerin gelişiminde ve toplumdaki sağlık düzeyi eşitsizliklerinin en aza indirgenmesinde önemli adımlar olabileceğini göstermektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık düzeyi,Pseudo-Panel,sosyo-ekonomik statü,kapalı ortam hava kirliliği

BEING HEALTHY IN TURKEY: A PSEUDO-PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Öz

This study examines the determinants of health status in Turkey. Moreover, this is the first study up to date that explores the indoor air pollution as an additional factor of health. The analysis relies on detailed micro-level data derived by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) Cross Sectional Income and Living Conditions Survey over the years 2006-2012. Using Pseudo-Panel Data, an Adapted Probit Fixed Effects Model is applied to control for time invariant characteristics of the regions, thereby eliminating potentially large sources of bias. Furthermore, the Random-Effects Ordered Logit Model is applied for robustness check. Various determinants, including individual and household characteristics, such as socio-economic status, are examined. The findings show that income and education are the most important socio-economic determinants of health followed by the marital and employment status. Furthermore, estimations for the type of fuel used for heating in dwelling as a proxy for indoor air pollution show that individuals that use natural gas and electricity report higher levels of health outcomes compared to those who use wood and coal. Overall, the findings point out the importance of policies on the education reconstruction, income distribution, clean environment, improvement of health status and reduction of health inequalities.    

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Health status,pseudo-panel,socio-economic status,indoor air pollution

Kaynakça

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