TÜRKİYE'DE SAĞLIKLILIK HALİ: BİR PSEUDO-PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2017, , 89 - 110, 31.03.2017

Öznur Özdamar , Eleftherios Gıovanıs

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.303307

Öz

Çalışma, Türkiye’deki
bireylerin sağlık düzeylerini belirleyen faktörleri ampirik olarak
incelemektedir. Çalışma ayrıca mikro veri seti kullanarak Türkiye’de kapalı
ortam hava kirliliğinin sağlık üzerindeki rolünü araştıran ilk makale olma
özelliği ile de önem arz etmektedir. İlgili analizler Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu
(TUİK) Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Anketi (2006-2012) yatay kesit verileri
kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Yaş kohortları temelinde oluşturulan pseudo panel
verileri kullanılarak uygulanan yöntemlerden birincisi olan Uyarlanmış Probit
Sabit Etkiler Modeli ile, zamandan bağımsız değişen bölgesel karakteristiklerin
kontrolü ve böylece tahminlerdeki yanlılığın önlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İkinci
yöntem olan Rassal Etkiler Sıralı Logit Modeli de, ilk yöntemle elde edilen
sonuçların bu yöntemle de geçerli olup olmadığını görmek için uygulanmıştır.
Sosyoekonomik statü gibi fertlere ve hanehalklarına ait pek çok değişken
analize dahil edilmiştir. Bunlardan eğitim ile gelirin ve onları takiben
istihdam durumu ve medeni halin bireylerin sağlıklı olma hallerini etkileyen en
önemli iki faktör olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Kapalı ortam hava kirliliğine
ilişkin olarak, elektrik ve doğal gaz kullanımının kömür ve odun kullanımının
tersine sağlığı pozitif yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Çalışmadaki nihai
bulgular, eğitimde yeniden yapılandırma politikalarının, gelir eşitliğini
sağlayıcı politikaların, temiz hava koşullarını sağlamaya yönelik girişimlerin
sağlıklı bireylerin gelişiminde ve toplumdaki sağlık düzeyi eşitsizliklerinin
en aza indirgenmesinde önemli adımlar olabileceğini göstermektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sağlık düzeyi, Pseudo-Panel, sosyo-ekonomik statü, kapalı ortam hava kirliliği

BEING HEALTHY IN TURKEY: A PSEUDO-PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Öz

This study examines the
determinants of health status in Turkey. Moreover, this is the first study up
to date that explores the indoor air pollution as an additional factor of
health. The analysis relies on detailed micro-level data derived by the Turkish
Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) Cross Sectional Income and Living Conditions
Survey over the years 2006-2012. Using Pseudo-Panel Data, an Adapted Probit
Fixed Effects Model is applied to control for time invariant characteristics of
the regions, thereby eliminating potentially large sources of bias.
Furthermore, the Random-Effects Ordered Logit Model is applied for robustness
check. Various determinants, including individual and household characteristics,
such as socio-economic status, are examined. The findings show that income and
education are the most important socio-economic determinants of health followed
by the marital and employment status. Furthermore, estimations for the type of
fuel used for heating in dwelling as a proxy for indoor air pollution show that
individuals that use natural gas and electricity report higher levels of health
outcomes compared to those who use wood and coal. Overall, the findings point
out the importance of policies on the education reconstruction, income
distribution, clean environment, improvement of health status and reduction of
health inequalities.    

Anahtar Kelimeler

Health status, pseudo-panel, socio-economic status, indoor air pollution

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