GELİR DAĞILIMI ADALETSİZLİĞİ VE İSTİHDAM İLİŞKİSİ: SEÇİLİ ÜLKELER İÇİN PANEL TOBİT ANALİZİ

Öz

Dünya ekonomilerinin zaman içerisinde geçirdiği dönüşüm ve meydana gelen ekonomik bunalımlar sebebiyle artan istikrarsızlıklar, gelir eşitsizliği ve istihdam oranları (işsizlik oranları) üzerinde önemli değişikliklere sebep olmaktadır. Bu değişikliklerin etkileri ülkeden ülkeye ve dönemsel olarak değişebilmektedir. Bu itibarla, çalışmada, literatürden farklı olarak işgücüne aktif olarak katılmayan emek kesimini ihtiva eden işsizlik oranı yerine, istihdam oranının gelir eşitsizliği ile ilişkisini ve bu ilişkinin yönünü tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. 1996-2018 dönemi ile 60 gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülke için dengeli bir panel veri seti oluşturularak istihdam oranı, kentleşme, kadın başına doğum oranı, gayri safi sabit sermaye oluşumu (yatırım) ve insani gelişme değişkenlerinin gelir eşitsizliği üzerine etkisi panel Tobit analizi ile tahmin edilmiştir. Tesadüfi etkiler panel Tobit analizi kapsamında üç ayrı model oluşturulmuştur. Sansürlenmemiş, sağdan ve soldan sansürlenmiş tesadüfi etkiler panel Tobit analizi bulgularına göre, istihdam oranı, yatırım ve insani gelişme değişkenlerindeki %1’lik artış gelir eşitsizliğini azaltmaktadır. Buna karşın, kentleşme ve kadın başına doğum oranı değişkenlerindeki %1’lik artış gelir eşitsizliğini artırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gelir Eşitsizliği
• İstihdam
• İşgücü
• Tobit
• Panel Veri

THE NEXUS BETWEEN INCOME INEQUALITY AND EMPLOYMENT: PANEL TOBİT ANALYSIS FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES

Öz

Increasing instability due to the crises and the transformation of the world economies over time causes significant changes in income inequality and employment rates (unemployment rates). The effects of these changes may vary from country to country and periodically. In this respect, unlike the literature, it is aimed to detect the nexus between the employment rate and income inequality and the aspect of the nexus, instead of the unemployment rate, which includes the labor segment that does not actively participate in the labor force. For the period 1996-2018 and 60 developed and developing countries, a balanced panel data set is generated and the effect of employment rate, urbanization, the birth rate per woman, gross fixed capital formation (investment), and human development variables on income inequality is estimated by random effects panel Tobit analysis. Three different models are set up within the scope of random effects panel Tobit analysis. According to uncensored, censored from left and right random effects panel Tobit analysis findings, 1% increase in employment rate, investment, and human development variables reduces income inequality. On the other hand, a 1% increase in urban population and birth rate per woman variables increases income inequality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Income Inequality
• Employment
• Labor Force
• Tobit
• Panel Data

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