YOLSUZLUK VE SOSYO EKONOMİK GELİŞME İLİŞKİSİ: OECD ÜLKELERİ İÇİN BİR UYGULAMA

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 2, 325 - 339, 28.06.2019

Betül İnam , Simla Güzel , Dilek Murat

https://doi.org/10.17065/huniibf.373711

Cited By: 2

Öz

Yolsuzluk, devletin tüm işlevlerini
zayıflatan, para ve maliye politikalarını doğrudan etkileyen ve beşeri
sermayeye zarar vererek kalıcı sosyal ve ekonomik problemlere yol açan eski bir
olgudur. Yolsuzluk, ülkelerde var olan yapısal problemlerin (işsizlik,
adaletsiz gelir dağılımı gibi) derinleşmesine, ekonomik gelişmenin
yavaşlamasına neden olabilmekte,  insani
gelişmeyi zayıflatarak, güvensizlik ortamı ve toplumsal huzursuzluklara  yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ülkelerin yolsuzluk düzeylerine göre gruplandırılması
ve bu gruplandırmada etkili olan ayırt edici ekonomik değişkenlerin tespit
edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda ülkemizin de üyesi olduğu OECD ülkeleri
için yolsuzluk düzeyini etkileyen çeşitli ekonomik değişkenler  değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında
otuz dört ülkeye ilişkin derlenen 2013 yılı verileri diskriminant analizi
kullanılarak test edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yolsuzluk, Ekonomik Gelişme, Beşeri Sermaye, Diskriminant Analizi

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CORRUPTION AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: AN APPLICATION FOR OECD COUNTRIES

Öz

Corruption is an ancient phenomenon
that weakens all functions of the government, directly affects its monetary and
fiscal policies, and causes permanent social and economic problems by
disrupting human capital. Corruption can cause structural problems (e.g.,
unemployment, unfair distribution of income) to deepen, slow economic growth,
weaken human development and lead to insecurity and social unrest. Statistical
analysis of this concept, which is of great economic significance, was an
important source of motivation for the present study. The current study aimed
to categorize the nations based on corruption levels and to identify the
discriminating economic variables effective in this categorization. Thus,
various economic variables that affect the level of corruption in OECD
countries, including Turkey, were evaluated. The 2013 data for the thirty-four
countries were tested using discriminant analysis in the study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Corruption, Economic Development, Human Capital, Discriminant Analysis

Kaynakça

• Ahmad, E., M.A. Ullah, M.I. Arfeen (2012), “Does Corruption Affect Economic Growth?”, Latin American Journal of Economics, 49(2), 277-305.
• Akçay, S. (2006), “Corruption and Human Development”, Cato Journal, 26(1), 29-48.
• Alesina, A., S. 0zler, N. Roubini, P. Swagel (1992), Political Instability and Economic Growth, NBER Working Paper Series, No. 4173.
• Ariely, G., E.M. Uslaner (2017), “Corruption, Fairness and Inequality”, International Political Science Review, 38(3), 349-362.
• Bakırtaş, D. (2012), “Yolsuzluğun Vergi Gelirleri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 19(2), 88-98.
• Bardhan, P. (2006), “The Economist’s Approach to the Problem of Corruption”, World Development, 34(2), 341–348.
• Barreto, R.A. (2001), Endogenous Corruption, Inequality And Growth: Econometric Evidence, Adelaide University, Working Paper 01-2. http://www.economics.adelaide.edu.au/research/papers/doc/wp2001-02.pdf, D.A.: 17.08.2017
• Bouzid, B.N. (2016), Dynamic Relationship Between Corruption And Youth Unemployment. Empirical Evidences From A System Gmm Approach, Policy Reseach Working Paper 7842, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/916781475156227542/Dynamic-Relationship-Between-Corruption-and-Youth-Unemployment-Empirical-Evidences-From-a-System-GMM-Approach, D.A.: 17.08.2017.
• Eicher, T., C.G., Penalosa, T. Ypersele (2009), “Education, Corruption and the Distribution of Income”, Journal of Economic Growth, 14(3), 205-231.
• Fernandez, M.G., C.G. Velasco (2014), “Shadow Economy, Corruption and Public Debt in Spain”, Journal of Policy Modeling, 36, 1101-1117.
• Gupta, S., H. Davoodi, R.A. Terme (1998), Does Corruption Affect Income Inequality and Poverty?, IMF Working Paper, WP/98/76. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/wp9876.pdf, D.A.: 09.08.2017.
• Gupta, S., H. Davoodi, E. Tiongso (2000), Corruption and Provision of Health Care and Education Services, IMF Working Paper, WP/00/116.
• IMF (2016), IMF Staff Discussion Note, Corruption: Costs and Mitigating Strategies, SDN/16/05.
• Ivanyna, M., A. Moumouras, P. Rangazas (2015), Corruption, Public Debt and Economic Growth. https://msu.edu/~ivanynam/research/corr_debt/Ivanyna_Mourmouras_Rangazas_Corruption_Public_Debt_2015.pdf, D.A.: 09.08.2017.
• Johnson, D.E. (1998), Applied Multivariate Methods for Data Analysis, Duxbury: California.
• Johnson, R.A., D.W. Wichern (1998), Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis (4th ed), New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
• Karagöz, K., M. Karagöz (2010), “Yolsuzluk, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Kamu Harcamaları: Türkiye için Ampirik Bir Analiz”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 176, 5-22.
• Konu, A., A.Y. Ata (2016), “Yolsuzluk ve Ekonomik Özgürlük İlişkisi Üzerine Yatay Kesit Analizi”, Niğde Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 9(1), 195-207.
• Li, H., C.X., Lixin, Z. Heng-fu (2000), “Corruption, Income Distribution, and Growth”, Economics and Politics, 12(2), 155-181.
• Lucic, D., M. Radisic, D. Dobromirov (2016), “Casuality Between Corruption and the level of GDP”, Economic Research, 29(1), 360-379.
• Lui, F.T. (1985), “An Equilibrium Queuing Model of Bribery”, Journal of Political Economy, 93(4), 760-781.
• Mauro, P. (1995), “Corruption and Growth”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), 681-712.
• Mo, P.H. (2001), “Corruption and Economic Growth”, Journal of Comparative Economics, 29, 66–79.
• Morgan, L. Amanda (1998), “Corruption: Causes, Consequences and Policy Implications: A Literature Review”, The Asia Foundation Working Paper Series, No. 9
• Murphy, K.M., A. Shleifer, R.W. Vishny (1993), “Why Is Rent-Seeking So Costly to Growth?”, The American Economic Review, 83(2), 409-414.
• OECD (2013), Issue Paper on Corruption and Economic Growth. Paper presented to the G20 Leaders at the St. Petersburg Summit in September 2013. https://www.oecd.org/g20/topics/anti-corruption/Issue-Paper-Corruption-and-Economic-Growth.pdf, D.A.: 27.07.2017
• Özdamar, K. (2004), Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi (5. Baskı), Eskişehir: Kaan.
• Tanzi, V. (1998), Corruption Around The World: Causes, Consequences, Scope and Cures, IMF Working Paper, WP/98/63.
• Transparency International (2013), Corruption Perceptions Index 2013: Frequently Asked Questions, www.transparency.org, D.A.: 10.09.2018.
• Transparency International (2015), Corruption Perception Index 2015, https://www.transparency.org/cpi2015, D.A.: 01.08.2017.
• Uğur, M. (2014), “Corruption’s Direct Effects on Per Capita Income Growth: A Meta Analysis”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 28(3), 472-490.
• Ulman, S.R., G.V. Bujanca (2014), “The Corruption Influence on Macroeconomic Enviroment. Empirical Analysis on Countries Development Stages”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 16, 427-437.
• Umaru, A., M. Donga, E.J. Gambo, K.M. Yakubu (2013), “Relationship Between Crime Level, Unemployment, Poverty, Corruption and Inflation in Nigeria (An Empirical Analysis)”, Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies, 2(8), 411-422.
• Wong, M.Y.H. (2017), “Public Spending, Corruption and Income Inequality: A Comparative Analysis of Asia and Latin America”, International Political Science Review, 38(3), 298-315.