Erasmus Programları için Öğrenci Seçim Kriterlerinin Bulanık AHS ile Analizi

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 213 - 237, 31.12.2008

Aşkın Özdağoğlu Güzin Özdağoğlu

Öz

 

En iyi karara ulaşmak için analitik bir yöntem
kullanımı, işletme alanında en çok tercih edilen alternatiflerden biridir.
Ölçülebilir değişkenlerin yanında, kalitatif değişkenler de bulunmakta ya da
insanlar çok sayıda seçenek arasından seçim yapmak zorunluluğu ile
karşılaşmaktadır. Başarılı bir karar için analitik bir yöntem tercih edilecekse
ve karar değişkenlerini kalitatif olarak tanımlamak mümkün oluyorsa, Analitik
Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) farklı seviyelerdeki karmaşık kriter yapıları arasında
çözüm arayan, en iyi çözüm yollarından biridir. Bulanık AHS ise belirsizliğin
karar problemi etkilediği durumlarda kullanılmak üzere geliştirilmiş bir yöntem
olup, AHS’nin bir uzantısı olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu çalışmada, Erasmus
Programı adı ile bilinen ve Avrupa’da uygulanan öğrenci değişim programı için
“kurum içinde  en iyi öğrenciyi seçmek”
olarak tanımlanan karar verme probleminin çözümüne sistematik bir yaklaşım
geliştirilmesi amaçlanmış ve bu sistematik çözümün geliştirilmesinde Bulanık
AHS yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Bulanık AHS, belirli bir üniversitenin bir
fakültesinde uygulanmış ve karar grubu olarak seçim komitesindeki
akademisyenler ile değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. İhtiyaç duyulan veriler, bir
soru formu yardımıyla toplanarak Bulanık AHS yöntemiyle gerekli hesaplamalar
yapılmış ve belirlenen kriterlere ilişkin analizler gerçekleştirilerek bu
kriterlerin ağırlıkları hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, seçim komisyonunda
çalışan üyelerin seçim kararı vermesinde bir destek mekanizması oluşturacak
sistematik bir çözüm elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Analitik hiyerarşi süreci (AHS), bulanık mantık, bulanık analitik hiyerarşi süreci (Bulanık AHS), Erasmus Programı, öğrenci seçimi

ANALYSIS OF STUDENT SELECTION CRITERIA FOR ERASMUS PROGRAM BY USING FUZZY-AHP

Öz

 

An analytical method to reach the best decision is one
of the most preferable way in business platforms. Many times, beside the measurable
variables, there exist qualitative variables, or people are supposed to prefer
the best among the many choices. When an analytical way to make a successful
decision is needed, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of the best ways
for deciding among the complex criteria structure in different levels. Fuzzy-
AHP is the extension of AHP that is used when uncertainty affects decision
making process. In this study, the authors aim at developing a systematic
solution approach utilizing Fuzzy-AHP on a decision-making problem described as
“selecting the best student” in an institution for a student exchange program
being applied in Europe called Socrates/Erasmus. Fuzzy-AHP approach is applied
in a Faculty of a University, and evaluations are performed with the
academicians in the selection commission as a decision group. Fuzzy-AHP
calculations are performed on this data collected through a question-form, and
relevant analysis are completed to obtain the important values of the selection
criteria. Finally, a systematic approach is developed as decision support
mechanism for the decision makers who are the members of selection commission.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (Fuzzy – AHP), Erasmus Program, student selection

Kaynakça

• Bard, J.F. and S.F. Sousk (1990) “A Trade Analysis For Rough Terrain Cargo Handlers Using The AHP: An Example of Group Decision Making”, IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management, 37(3), 222–228.
• Boender, C.G.E., J.G. De Graan and F.A. Lootsma (1989) Multicriteria Decision Analysis With Fuzzy Pairwise Comparisons”, Fuzzy Sets And Systems, 29, 133–143. Bouyssou, D., T. Marchant, M. Pirlot, P. Perny, A. Tsoukias and P. Vincke (2000) Evaluation Models: A Critical Perspective, Boston: Kluwer Inc.
• Buckley, J.J. (1985a) “Ranking Alternatives Using Fuzzy Members”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 15, 21–31.
• Buckley, J.J. (1985b) “Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis”, Fuzzy Sets And Systems, 17, 233–247.
• Chang, D.-Y. (1992) “Extent Analysis and Synthetic Decision, Optimization Techniques and Applications”, World Scientific, Singapore, 1, 352.
• Chang, D.Y. (1996) “Applications of the Extent Analysis Method on Fuzzy-AHP”, European Journal of Operational Research, 95, 649-655.
• Cheng, C-H. (1996) “Evaluating Naval Tactical Missile Systems By Fuzzy AHP Based on The Grade Value of Membership Function”, European Journal of Operational Research, 9, 343-350.
• Cheng, C-H. K-L. Yang and C-L. Hwang (1999) “Evaluating Attack Helicopters By AHP Based on Linguistic Variable Weight”, European Journal of Operational Research, 116, 423-435.
• Choo, E.U. and W.C. Wedley (2004) “A Common Framework For Deriving Preference Values From Pairwise Comparison Matrices”, Computers & Operations Research,. 31, 893-908.
• Kahraman, C. U. Cebeci and Da Ruan (2004) “Multi-Criterion Comparison of Catering Service Companies Using Fuzzy AHP: The Case of Turkey”, International Journal Of Production Economics, 87, 171-184.
• Kulak, O. and C. Kahraman (2005) “Fuzzy Multi-Criterion Selection Among Transportation Companies Using Axiomatic Design And Analytic Hierarchy Process”, Information Sciences, 170, 191-210.
• Laarhoven, P.J.M. and W. Pedrycz (1983) “A Fuzzy Extension of Saaty’s Priority Theory”, Fuzzy Sets And Systems, 11, 229–241.
• Leung, L.C. and D. Chao (2000) “On Consistency And Ranking of Alternatives In Fuzzy AHP”, European Journal of Operational Research. 124, 102-113.
• Lootsma, F. (1997) Fuzzy Logic for Planning and Decision-Making, Dordrecht: Kluwer Inc.
• Pohekar, S.D. and M. Ramachandran (2004) Application Of Multi-Criteria Decision Making To Sustainable Energy Planning”, A Review Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 8, 365-381. Ribeiro, R.A. (1996) “Fuzzy Multiple Criterion Decision Making: A Review And New Preference Elicitation Techniques”, Fuzzy Sets And Systems, 78, 155–181.
• Russell, R.S. and B.W. Taylor (2003) Operations Management, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
• Saaty, T.L. (1992). Decision Making for Leaders, Pittsburgh: RWS Publications.
• Saaty, T.L. and L.G. Vargas (1994) Decision Making in Economic, Political, Science and Technological Environments With The Analytic Hierarchy Process. Pittsburgh: RWS Publications.
• Saaty, T.L. and E.F. Horman (1996) The Hierarchon: A Dictionary of Hierarchies,. Pittsburgh: RWS Publications.
• Saaty, T.L. (1999) Decision Making for Leaders. The Analytic Hierarchy Process, Pittsburgh: RWS Publications.
• Saaty, T. L. (2001) Decision Making With Dependence And Feedback: Analytic Network Process, Pittsburgh: RWS Publications.
• Sarkis, J. and S. Talluri (2004) “Evaluating And Selecting E-Commerce Software And Communication Systems For A Supply Chain”, European Journal of Operational Research, 159, 318-329.
• Sheu, J-B. (2004) “A Hybrid Fuzzy-Based Approach For Identifying Global Logistics Strategies”, Transportation Research, 40, 39-61.
• Taha, H.A. (2003) Operations Research,. Fayetteville: Pearson Education Inc.
• Taylor, B.W. (2004) Introduction To Management Science, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
• Triantaphyllou, E. and S.H. Mann (1995) “Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process For Decision Making In Engineering Applications: Some Challenges”, International Journal of Industrial Engineering: Applications and Practice, 2(1), 35–44.
• Tolga, E., M. L. Demircan and C. Kahraman (2005) “Operating System Selection Using Fuzzy Replacement Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process”, International Journal of Production Economics, 97, 89-117.
• Wabalickis, R.N. (1988) “Justification of FMS With The Analytic Hierarchy Process”, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 17, 175–182.
• Yu, C-S. (2002) “A GP-AHP Method for Solving Group Decision-Making Fuzzy AHP Problems”, Computers and Operations Research, 29, 1969–2001. Zhu, K-J., Y. Jing and D-Y. Chang (1999) “A Discussion on Extent Analysis Method And Applications of Fuzzy-AHP”, European Journal of Operational Research,. 116, 450-456.
• http://www.erasmus.ac.uk/whatis.html (access: 25th.11.2007)
• http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/programmes/Socrates/Erasmus/erasmus_en.html (access: 25th.11.2007)
• BIBLIOGRAPHY: SOCRATES-ERASMUS PROGRAM
• http ://www. Erasmus. ac.uk/institutions/glines.htm (access: 25th.11.2007)
• http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/Erasmus.html , (access: 25th.11.2007)
• http://europa. eu. int/comm/education/erasmus.html, (access: 25th.11.2007)
• http://www.erasmus.ac.uk, (access: 30th.01.2007)
• http://europa.eu.int/comm/educatioa/Erasmus/tnp/index.html, (access: 25th.01.2007)
• http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/Erasmus/mgp.html (access: 25th.01.2007)
• http://europa.eu.int/comn/education/erascomp/index.html (access: 15th.01.2007)
• http://www.experience.erasmus.ac.uk, (access: 15th.01.2007)
• http://www.esn.org, (access: 15th.01.2007)
• http://www. eurydice. org & http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/eurydice.html, (access: 15th.01.2007)
• http://www.naric.org.uk, (access: 15th.01.2007)
• http://siu.no/vev.nsf/start/PartnerEn, (access: 15th.01.2007)