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OLD WINE, NEW BOTTLE?: THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN AND THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE EU FOREIGN POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE REGION

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 137 - 156, 31.03.2015
https://doi.org/10.17065/huiibf.58378

Öz

This article aims to provide an overview
of the EU’s Mediterranean policy in the context of the recent developments in
North Africa and the Middle East. The article will first examine previous EU
policies towards the region. In the second part, it will evaluate the EU’s
foreign policy during the Arab uprisings that has come to be referred to as the
“Arab Spring”. Within this framework, the article argues that the EU has not
developed a common policy at the Union level as a response to the revolutions
and crises in the Mediterranean basin and the Middle East, but rather maintained
the former EU policies in essence.

Kaynakça

  • Avrupa Birliği (1995) Barcelona Declaration and Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, Barselona, 27-28.11.1995, http://www.eeas.europa.eu/euromed/docs/bd_en.pdf, E.T.: 15.11.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği (2008) Joint Declaration of the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean, Paris. 13.07.2008, http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/pdf/paris_declaration.pdf, E.T.: 3.11.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği (2011a) Catherine Ashton’ın AB Parlamentosu’nda Yaptığı Konuşma, Brüksel. 2.02.2011, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-11-66_en.htm, E.T.: 12.11.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği (2011b) A Partnership for Democracy and Shared Prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean, 8.03.2011, Brüksel. http://eeas.europa.eu/euromed/docs/com2011_200_en.pdf , E.T.: 8.11.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği (2013) AB Yüksek Temsilcisi Catherine Ashton'ın Suriye'nin Kimyasal Silahlarının Uluslararası Kontrol Altına Alınmasına İlişkin Teklif Konusundaki Açıklaması, 10.09.2013,
  • http://www.avrupa.info.tr/tr/resource/news-archiv/news
  • single-view/article/ab-yueksek-temsilcisi-catherine-ashtonin-suriyenin-kimyasal
  • silahlarinin-uluslararasi-kontrol-1.html, E.T.: 30.10.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği Konseyi (2003) “A Secure Europe in a Better World, European Security Strategy”, Brüksel, 12.12.2003, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/78367.pdf, E.T.: 10.10.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği Konseyi (2011a) “Joint Statement by EU High Representative Catherine Ashton and Commissioner Stefan Füle on the events in Tunisia”, 14.01.2011, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/118865.pdf, E.T.: 12.11.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği Konseyi (2011b) A New Response to a Changing Neighbourhood: A Review of Neighbourhood Policy, Brüksel, 25.05.2011, http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/pdf/com_11_303_en.pdf, E.T.: 1.10.2014. Avrupa Birliği Konseyi (2013), Press Release, Brüksel, 21.08.2013, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/13860 3.pdfE.T.: 13.11.2014.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu (1989) “Commission Proposes Renewed Mediterranean Policy”, Press Release P/89/71, 17.11.1989,
  • http://www.europa.eu/rapid/press-release_P-89-71_en.htm, E.T.: 8.01.2015.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu (2004) “European Neighbourhood Policy Strategy Paper”, 12.05.2004, http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/pdf/strategy/strategy_paper_en.pdf, E.T.: 3.11.2013.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu (2010a) Implementation of EU Neighbourhood Policy in 2009: Progress Report Tunisia, Brüksel, 12.05.2010, http://aei.pitt.edu/39591/1/SEC_%282010%29_514.pdf, E.T.: 3.10.2014.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu (2010b) Implementation of EU Neighbourhood Policy in 2009: Progress Report Egypt, Brüksel, 12.05.2010, http://aei.pitt.edu/39591/1/SEC_%282010%29_517.pdf, E.T.: 3.10.2014.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu (2010c) Implementation of EU Neighbourhood Policy in 2009: Progress Report Morocco, Brüksel, 12.05.2010, http://aei.pitt.edu/39591/1/SEC_%282010%29_521.pdf, E:T.: 3.10.2014.
  • Balfour, R. (2011) “The Arab Spring, the Changing Mediterranean, and the EU: Tools as a Substitute for Strategy?”, Policy Brief, European Policy Center, http://www.epc.eu/documents/uploads/pub_1311_the_arab_spring.pdf, E.T.: 18.11.2014.
  • Balfour, R. (2012) “Changes and Continuities in EU Mediterranean Relations after the Arab Spring” in S. Biscop, R. Balfour, M. Emerson (eds.), An Arab Springboard for EU Foreign Policy?, Egmont Paper 54, Royal Institute for International Relations, Gent: Academia Press, 27-35.
  • Bicchi, F. (2009) “Euro-Mediterranean Relations in Historical Perspective” in The Euro- Mediterranean Dialogue: Prospects for an Area of Prosperity and Security, Brussels: Foundation for European Progressive Studies, 14-20.
  • Bicchi, F. (2011), “The Union for the Mediterranean or the Changing Context of Euro- Mediterranean Relations”, Mediterranean Politics, 16 (1), 3-19.
  • Birleşik Krallık Hükümeti Haberleri (2011) Joint UK, France, Germany, Italy and Spain Statement on Egypt, 3.02.2011, http://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-uk-france- germany-italy-and-spain-statement-on-egypt, E.T.: 2.11.2014.
  • Cardwell, P. J. (2011) “EuroMed, European Neighbourhood Policy and the Union for the Mediterranean: Overlapping Policy Frames in the EU’s Governance of the Mediterranean”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 49 (2), 219-241.
  • Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2013) International Reactions to the Crisis in Egypt. http://egyptelections.carnegieendowment.org/2013/08/22/international- reactions-to-the-crisis-in-egypt, E.T.: 13.11.2014.
  • Gera, Vanessa (2012) “Kissinger Says Calling Europe Quote Not Likely His”, AP, http://bigstory.ap.org/article/kissinger-says-calling-europe-quote-not-likely-his, 27.06.2012, E.T. : 1.11.2014
  • Gomez R. (2003) Negotiating the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership: Strategic Action in EU Foreign Policy?, Hamphire, England: Ashgate.
  • Grant C. (2011) A New Neighbourhood Policy for the EU, Policy Brief, London: Centre for European Reform.
  • Hollis R. (2012) “No Friend of Democratization: Europe’s Role in the Genesis of the ‘Arab Spring’”, International Affairs, 88 (1), 81-94.
  • Kausch, K., R. Youngs (2009) “The End of the ‘Euro-Mediterranean Vision’”, International Affairs, 85 (5), 963-975.
  • Pace, M. (2009) “Paradoxes and Contradictions in EU Democracy Promotion in the Mediterranean: The Limits of EU Normative Power”, Democratization, 16 (1), 39-58.
  • Smith M.E. (2013) “The European External Action Service and the Security-Development Nexus: Organizing for Effectiveness or Incoherence?”, Journal of European Public Policy, 20 (9), 1299-1315.
  • Spiegel Online International (2010) “EU Foreign Affairs Chief ‘Out of Her Depth’: Doubts Increase about Catherine Ashton’s Ability”, 19.04.2010, http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/eu-foreign-affairs-chief-out-of-her-depth- doubts-increase-about-catherine-ashton-s-ability-a-689764.html, E.T.: 15.10.2014
  • The Telegraph (2012) “Syria: Cameron Secures EU Pledge to Review Arms Embargo”, 14.12.2012, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9745519/Syria-Cameron- secures-EU-pledge-to-review-arms-embargo.html, E.T.: 28.10.2014.
  • Torreblanca, J.I. (2012) “Tunisia is a Strategic Opportunity for the EU”, European Council on Foreign Relations, 21.01.2012, http://ecfr.eu/blog/entry/tunisia_is_a_strategic_opportunity_for_the_eu, E.T.: 14.10. 2014.
  • Tovias, A. (1996) “The EU's Mediterranean Policy Under Pressure” in R. Gillespie (ed.), Mediterranean Politics, London: Pinter Publishing, 9-25.
  • Tzifakis, N. (2007) “EU’s Region-Building and Boundary-Drawing Policies: The European Approach to the Southern Mediterranean and the Western Balkans”, Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, 9(1), 47-64.

ESKİ ŞARAP YENİ ŞİŞE?: BÖLGEDEKİ SON GELİŞMELER IŞIĞINDA AB DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA AKDENİZ HAVZASI VE ORTA DOĞU

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 137 - 156, 31.03.2015
https://doi.org/10.17065/huiibf.58378

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, son dönemde Kuzey Afrika ve Orta Doğu’da olan gelişmeler bağlamında AB’nin Akdeniz politikasına genel bir bakış sunmaktır. Makale, ilk önce AB’nin geçmişte bölge için geliştirdiği politikaları inceleyecek, ikinci bölümde de Kuzey Afrika ve Orta Doğu’da, genel olarak “Arap Baharı” olarak adlandırılan Arap halk hareketleri sürecinde AB’nin dış politikasını değerlendirecektir. Bu çerçevede makale, AB’nin, Akdeniz Havzası ve Orta Doğu’daki devrim ve krizlere yönelik Birlik düzeyinde ortak bir politika geliştirememiş olduğunu ve radikal değişim olarak tanımlanan gelişmeler karşısında, daha önceki AB politikalarının özünde devamlılığını koruduğunu iddia etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Avrupa Birliği (1995) Barcelona Declaration and Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, Barselona, 27-28.11.1995, http://www.eeas.europa.eu/euromed/docs/bd_en.pdf, E.T.: 15.11.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği (2008) Joint Declaration of the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean, Paris. 13.07.2008, http://ec.europa.eu/research/iscp/pdf/paris_declaration.pdf, E.T.: 3.11.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği (2011a) Catherine Ashton’ın AB Parlamentosu’nda Yaptığı Konuşma, Brüksel. 2.02.2011, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-11-66_en.htm, E.T.: 12.11.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği (2011b) A Partnership for Democracy and Shared Prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean, 8.03.2011, Brüksel. http://eeas.europa.eu/euromed/docs/com2011_200_en.pdf , E.T.: 8.11.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği (2013) AB Yüksek Temsilcisi Catherine Ashton'ın Suriye'nin Kimyasal Silahlarının Uluslararası Kontrol Altına Alınmasına İlişkin Teklif Konusundaki Açıklaması, 10.09.2013,
  • http://www.avrupa.info.tr/tr/resource/news-archiv/news
  • single-view/article/ab-yueksek-temsilcisi-catherine-ashtonin-suriyenin-kimyasal
  • silahlarinin-uluslararasi-kontrol-1.html, E.T.: 30.10.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği Konseyi (2003) “A Secure Europe in a Better World, European Security Strategy”, Brüksel, 12.12.2003, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/78367.pdf, E.T.: 10.10.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği Konseyi (2011a) “Joint Statement by EU High Representative Catherine Ashton and Commissioner Stefan Füle on the events in Tunisia”, 14.01.2011, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/118865.pdf, E.T.: 12.11.2014.
  • Avrupa Birliği Konseyi (2011b) A New Response to a Changing Neighbourhood: A Review of Neighbourhood Policy, Brüksel, 25.05.2011, http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/pdf/com_11_303_en.pdf, E.T.: 1.10.2014. Avrupa Birliği Konseyi (2013), Press Release, Brüksel, 21.08.2013, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/EN/foraff/13860 3.pdfE.T.: 13.11.2014.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu (1989) “Commission Proposes Renewed Mediterranean Policy”, Press Release P/89/71, 17.11.1989,
  • http://www.europa.eu/rapid/press-release_P-89-71_en.htm, E.T.: 8.01.2015.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu (2004) “European Neighbourhood Policy Strategy Paper”, 12.05.2004, http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/pdf/strategy/strategy_paper_en.pdf, E.T.: 3.11.2013.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu (2010a) Implementation of EU Neighbourhood Policy in 2009: Progress Report Tunisia, Brüksel, 12.05.2010, http://aei.pitt.edu/39591/1/SEC_%282010%29_514.pdf, E.T.: 3.10.2014.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu (2010b) Implementation of EU Neighbourhood Policy in 2009: Progress Report Egypt, Brüksel, 12.05.2010, http://aei.pitt.edu/39591/1/SEC_%282010%29_517.pdf, E.T.: 3.10.2014.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu (2010c) Implementation of EU Neighbourhood Policy in 2009: Progress Report Morocco, Brüksel, 12.05.2010, http://aei.pitt.edu/39591/1/SEC_%282010%29_521.pdf, E:T.: 3.10.2014.
  • Balfour, R. (2011) “The Arab Spring, the Changing Mediterranean, and the EU: Tools as a Substitute for Strategy?”, Policy Brief, European Policy Center, http://www.epc.eu/documents/uploads/pub_1311_the_arab_spring.pdf, E.T.: 18.11.2014.
  • Balfour, R. (2012) “Changes and Continuities in EU Mediterranean Relations after the Arab Spring” in S. Biscop, R. Balfour, M. Emerson (eds.), An Arab Springboard for EU Foreign Policy?, Egmont Paper 54, Royal Institute for International Relations, Gent: Academia Press, 27-35.
  • Bicchi, F. (2009) “Euro-Mediterranean Relations in Historical Perspective” in The Euro- Mediterranean Dialogue: Prospects for an Area of Prosperity and Security, Brussels: Foundation for European Progressive Studies, 14-20.
  • Bicchi, F. (2011), “The Union for the Mediterranean or the Changing Context of Euro- Mediterranean Relations”, Mediterranean Politics, 16 (1), 3-19.
  • Birleşik Krallık Hükümeti Haberleri (2011) Joint UK, France, Germany, Italy and Spain Statement on Egypt, 3.02.2011, http://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-uk-france- germany-italy-and-spain-statement-on-egypt, E.T.: 2.11.2014.
  • Cardwell, P. J. (2011) “EuroMed, European Neighbourhood Policy and the Union for the Mediterranean: Overlapping Policy Frames in the EU’s Governance of the Mediterranean”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 49 (2), 219-241.
  • Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2013) International Reactions to the Crisis in Egypt. http://egyptelections.carnegieendowment.org/2013/08/22/international- reactions-to-the-crisis-in-egypt, E.T.: 13.11.2014.
  • Gera, Vanessa (2012) “Kissinger Says Calling Europe Quote Not Likely His”, AP, http://bigstory.ap.org/article/kissinger-says-calling-europe-quote-not-likely-his, 27.06.2012, E.T. : 1.11.2014
  • Gomez R. (2003) Negotiating the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership: Strategic Action in EU Foreign Policy?, Hamphire, England: Ashgate.
  • Grant C. (2011) A New Neighbourhood Policy for the EU, Policy Brief, London: Centre for European Reform.
  • Hollis R. (2012) “No Friend of Democratization: Europe’s Role in the Genesis of the ‘Arab Spring’”, International Affairs, 88 (1), 81-94.
  • Kausch, K., R. Youngs (2009) “The End of the ‘Euro-Mediterranean Vision’”, International Affairs, 85 (5), 963-975.
  • Pace, M. (2009) “Paradoxes and Contradictions in EU Democracy Promotion in the Mediterranean: The Limits of EU Normative Power”, Democratization, 16 (1), 39-58.
  • Smith M.E. (2013) “The European External Action Service and the Security-Development Nexus: Organizing for Effectiveness or Incoherence?”, Journal of European Public Policy, 20 (9), 1299-1315.
  • Spiegel Online International (2010) “EU Foreign Affairs Chief ‘Out of Her Depth’: Doubts Increase about Catherine Ashton’s Ability”, 19.04.2010, http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/eu-foreign-affairs-chief-out-of-her-depth- doubts-increase-about-catherine-ashton-s-ability-a-689764.html, E.T.: 15.10.2014
  • The Telegraph (2012) “Syria: Cameron Secures EU Pledge to Review Arms Embargo”, 14.12.2012, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9745519/Syria-Cameron- secures-EU-pledge-to-review-arms-embargo.html, E.T.: 28.10.2014.
  • Torreblanca, J.I. (2012) “Tunisia is a Strategic Opportunity for the EU”, European Council on Foreign Relations, 21.01.2012, http://ecfr.eu/blog/entry/tunisia_is_a_strategic_opportunity_for_the_eu, E.T.: 14.10. 2014.
  • Tovias, A. (1996) “The EU's Mediterranean Policy Under Pressure” in R. Gillespie (ed.), Mediterranean Politics, London: Pinter Publishing, 9-25.
  • Tzifakis, N. (2007) “EU’s Region-Building and Boundary-Drawing Policies: The European Approach to the Southern Mediterranean and the Western Balkans”, Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, 9(1), 47-64.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
Yazarlar

Müge Kınacıoğlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Nisan 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kınacıoğlu, M. (2015). ESKİ ŞARAP YENİ ŞİŞE?: BÖLGEDEKİ SON GELİŞMELER IŞIĞINDA AB DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA AKDENİZ HAVZASI VE ORTA DOĞU. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.17065/huiibf.58378
AMA Kınacıoğlu M. ESKİ ŞARAP YENİ ŞİŞE?: BÖLGEDEKİ SON GELİŞMELER IŞIĞINDA AB DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA AKDENİZ HAVZASI VE ORTA DOĞU. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. Mart 2015;33(1):137-156. doi:10.17065/huiibf.58378
Chicago Kınacıoğlu, Müge. “ESKİ ŞARAP YENİ ŞİŞE?: BÖLGEDEKİ SON GELİŞMELER IŞIĞINDA AB DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA AKDENİZ HAVZASI VE ORTA DOĞU”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 33, sy. 1 (Mart 2015): 137-56. https://doi.org/10.17065/huiibf.58378.
EndNote Kınacıoğlu M (01 Mart 2015) ESKİ ŞARAP YENİ ŞİŞE?: BÖLGEDEKİ SON GELİŞMELER IŞIĞINDA AB DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA AKDENİZ HAVZASI VE ORTA DOĞU. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 33 1 137–156.
IEEE M. Kınacıoğlu, “ESKİ ŞARAP YENİ ŞİŞE?: BÖLGEDEKİ SON GELİŞMELER IŞIĞINDA AB DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA AKDENİZ HAVZASI VE ORTA DOĞU”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 33, sy. 1, ss. 137–156, 2015, doi: 10.17065/huiibf.58378.
ISNAD Kınacıoğlu, Müge. “ESKİ ŞARAP YENİ ŞİŞE?: BÖLGEDEKİ SON GELİŞMELER IŞIĞINDA AB DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA AKDENİZ HAVZASI VE ORTA DOĞU”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 33/1 (Mart 2015), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.17065/huiibf.58378.
JAMA Kınacıoğlu M. ESKİ ŞARAP YENİ ŞİŞE?: BÖLGEDEKİ SON GELİŞMELER IŞIĞINDA AB DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA AKDENİZ HAVZASI VE ORTA DOĞU. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;33:137–156.
MLA Kınacıoğlu, Müge. “ESKİ ŞARAP YENİ ŞİŞE?: BÖLGEDEKİ SON GELİŞMELER IŞIĞINDA AB DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA AKDENİZ HAVZASI VE ORTA DOĞU”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 33, sy. 1, 2015, ss. 137-56, doi:10.17065/huiibf.58378.
Vancouver Kınacıoğlu M. ESKİ ŞARAP YENİ ŞİŞE?: BÖLGEDEKİ SON GELİŞMELER IŞIĞINDA AB DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA AKDENİZ HAVZASI VE ORTA DOĞU. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;33(1):137-56.

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