Küresel Çevre Rejimleri ve Ülkelerin Uluslararası Ticaret Politikaları

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 323 - 370, 30.09.2019

Hasan Parıltı

Öz

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasındaki dönemde dünyada büyüme ve kalkınma yarışı hızlanmıştır. 1970’lere kadar bu yarış ağırlıklı olarak gelişmiş ülkeler arasında iken, bu tarihten sonra gelişmekte olan ülkelerden bazıları da katılmıştır. Büyüme, dünya kaynaklarının daha fazla kullanımı, daha fazla üretim ve daha fazla tüketim anlamına gelmektedir. Bu aktivitelerin daha fazla yapılması daha fazla çevre bozulması anlamına gelmektedir. Ülkeler ne büyümden vazgeçebiliyorlar ne çevre bozulmasına razılar. Aslında teorik olarak çözüm basit: Yeşil ekonomi veya sürdürülebilir büyüme ve kalkınma. Ancak piyasa mekanizması içinde, tekil ekonomik aktörlerin böyle bir hedefe koşması imkânsız görülmektedir. Bu yüzden, çevreye zarar verilmeden büyüme ve kalkınma hedefinin gerçekleştirilmesi, BM şemsiyesi altında bir koordinasyonla yürütülmeye çalışılmaktadır. Betimleme yöntemini benimseyen bu makale, BM şemsiyesi altında devamlı gelişen küresel çevre rejimlerinin tanımı ve bunların ülkelerin ticaret politikalarına aktarım mekanizmaları üzerinde durmaktadır. Ticaret ve yatırım konusunda karar vericiler veya bunlara danışmanlık yapma pozisyonunda olan STK ve akademik çevreler, ülkelerin ticaret politikaları için birer öncü gelişme niteliğinde olan uluslararası çevre rejimlerindeki değişmeleri takip etmelidirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevre Bozulması, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma, Çevre Rejimi, Ticaret Politikası

Kaynakça

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