HIV İle Yaşayan Bireylerde Damgalanma, Umutsuzluk Depresyon ve İlişkili Faktörler

Öz

Amaç: HIV ile yaşayan bireylerde (PLWH) damgalanma, umutsuzluk, depresyon ve ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Materyal ve Metod: Bu tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tipteki araştırmaya 01 Mart – 30 Nisan 2022 tarihleri arasında XXX hastanesine başvuran 57 PLWH hastası dahil edilmiştir. Berger HIV Stigma Ölçeği, Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği ve Beck Depresyon Envanteri hastalarla yüz yüze görüşülerek dolduruldu. Araştırmanın birincil sonuçları HIV ile damgalanma, umutsuzluk ve depresyondur. Bulgular: Berger HIV-Damgalanma Ölçeği puan ortalamasının yüksek seviyede (104.5±16.7), Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği puan ortalamasının orta seviyede (7.6±6.1) ve Beck Depresyon Envanteri puan ortalamasının orta seviyede (16.3±13.7) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Umutsuzluk oranı %63.2, depresyon oranı ise %40.4 olarak belirlendi. Damgalanma ile umutsuzluk arasında orta düzeyde (r:0.44), damgalanma ile depresyon arasında yüksek düzeyde (r:0.52) ve umutsuzluk ile depresyon arasında çok yüksek düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki (r:0.80) vardı. Ayrıca, HIV ile yaşayan umutsuz bir bireyin, umutlu bir bireye göre depresyona maruz kalma olasılığının 76 kat daha fazla olduğu bulundu. Bekar olmanın ve muhafazakar olmayan bir ailede büyümenin HIV-damgalanmayı azalttığı belirlendi. HIV bulaşmasını gizlemek zorunda kalmanın HIV-damgalanmayı artırdığı belirlendi. HIV bulaşmasını gizlemek zorunda kalmanın umutsuzluğu azalttığı (odss=0.13), depresyonun ise umutsuzluğu artırdığı (odss=1.21) belirlendi. Umutsuzluğun depresyonu artırdığı belirlendi (odss=1.87). Sonuç: Bu çalışma HIV ile yaşayan bireylerin HIV ile damgalanma, umutsuzluk ve depresyondan önemli ölçüde etkilendiğini ve bu hastalarda umutsuzluğun depresyonu artırdığı vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• HIV
• Damgalanma
• Umutsuzluk
• Depresyon

Stigma, Hopelessness, Depression and Associated Factors in People Living with HIV

Öz

Background: It was aimed to determine stigma, hopelessness, depression and associated factors in people living with HIV (PLWH).
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 57 PLWH who admitted to Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital hospital between March 01-April 30, 2022. Berger HIV Stigma Scale, Beck Hope-lessness Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were filled during face-to-face interviews with patients.
Results: It was determined Berger HIV-Stigma Scale mean score was high level (104.5±16.7), Beck Hopelessness Scale mean score was medium level (7.6±6.1) and Beck Depression Inventory mean score was medium level (16.3±13.7). Hopelessness rate was determined as 63.2% and depression rate as 40.4%. It was found a moder-ate correlation between stigma and hopelessness (r=0.44), a high level of correlation between stigma and depression (r=0.52), and a very high positive correlation between hopelessness and depression (r=0.80). Besides, a hopeless individual living with HIV was found to be odds 76 times more likely to be exposed to de-pression than a hopeful individual. In the regression analysis, it was determined that being single and growing up in a non-conservative family decreased HIV-stigma. On the other hand, it was observed that having to hide being infected with HIV increased HIV-stigma. It was determined that having to hide contagion with HIV de-creased hopelessness (odds=0.13) but depression increased hopelessness (odds=1.21). It was determined that hopelessness increased depression (odds=1.87).
Conclusions: Stigma, hopelessness and depression are seen at high rates among PLWH and hopelessness in-creases depression significantly.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• HIV
• Stigma
• Hopelessness
• Depression

Kaynakça

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