The Effect of Obesity on Respiratory Function in Asthma Patients

Öz

Background: Obesity is a chronic disease that occurs when the amount of energy taken into the body from food exceeds the energy spent. Asthma is a disease characterized by recurrent airway obstruction that can cause deterioration in patients' quality of life and mental status. In recent studies, asthma has been frequently associated with obesity. One of the reasons given for this association is the parallel increase in the prevalence of both diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of obesity on respiratory function tests in asthma patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 80 asthma patients over the age of 18 years. The patients included in our study were divided into two groups, normal weight and overweight, according to their body mass index, FEV1, FVC, PEF, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75 values in pulmonary function tests were analyzed. Results: Of the 80 patients included in the study, 30 were in normal weight and 50 were in overweight group according to body mass index. When a comparison was made between both groups, FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF25-75, FEV1/FVC values were found to be lower in the overweight group compared to the normal weight group, but no statistically significant difference was found (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was observed that most of the patients included in our study were overweight and the majority were female. In our study, it was found that the values in pulmonary function tests were similar between normal weight and overweight patients with asthma.

Astım Hastalarında Obezitenin Solunum Fonksiyonu Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Astım, hastaların yaşam kalitesinde ve mental durumunda bozulmaya neden olabilen, tekrarlayan hava yolu obstrüksiyonu ile karakterize bir hastalıktır. Obezite ise besinlerden vücuda alınan enerji miktarının harcanan enerjiden fazla olması sonucu ortaya çıkan kronik bir hastalıktır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda astımın sıklıkla obezite ile ilişkilendirildiği görülmektedir. Bu ilişkinin gerekçelerinden biri de her iki hastalığın görülme sıklığındaki paralel artıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı astım hastalarında obezitenin solunum fonksiyon testleri üzerine etkisini değerlendirmektir. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya 18 yaş üstü 80 astım hastası dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastalar vücut kitle indeksi ve demografik özelliklerine göre normal ve obez olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı, solunum fonksiyon testlerinde FEV1, FVC, PEF, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75 değerleri analiz edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 80 hastanın vücut kitle indeksine göre 30'u normal, 50'si ise obezdi. Her iki grup arasında karşılaştırma yapıldığında obez grupta FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF2575, FEV1/FVC değerleri normal gruba göre daha düşük bulundu ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunamadı (p<0,05). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda obez ve obez olmayan astım hastalarında solunum fonksiyon testlerindeki değerlerin benzer olduğu belirlendi. Çalışmamıza dahil edilen hastaların çoğunluğunun obez olduğu ve çoğunluğunun kadın olduğu görüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Astım
• Obezite
• Solunum Fonksiyon Testleri

Kaynakça

1. 1 Bozbaş ŞS, Ulubay G. Astımda Hastalık Kontrol ile Demog-rafik özellikler, Yaşam Kalitesi ve Emosyonel Durumun İliş-kisi. Turkish Thoracic Journal/Turk Toraks Dergisi, 2011, 12.4.
2. 2 Serafino-Agrusa L, Spatafora M, Scichilone N. Asthma and metabolic syndrome: current knowledge and future pers-pectives. World Journal of Clinical Cases: WJCC, 2015, 3.3: 285.
3. 3 Türk Toraks Derneği Avaçg. Astım tanı ve tedavi rehberi 2014 (Tanım ve genel bakış):1.
4. 4 Sawicki G, Haver K. Asthma in children younger than 12 years: Initial evaluation and diagnosis. UpToDate Accessed 22nd Feb 2020.
5. 5 Türk Toraks Derneği Astım Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi 2016. https://www.toraks.org.tr. Accessed 22nd Feb 2020.
6. 6 Çeldir Emre J, Özdemir Ö, Baysak A, Aksoy Ü, Özdemir P, Öz AT, et al. Devlet hastanesi göğüs hastalıkları servisinde ya-tan hastalarda astım maliyeti. Asthma Allergy Immuno-logy/Astim Allerji Immunoloji, 2014, 12.3.
7. 7 Prevention and management of the global epidemicof obesity. Report of the WHO Consultation on Obesity (Gene-va, June, 3–5, 1997). Geneva: WHO
8. 8 Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu (2019). 8. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği Yayınları.

9. 9 WHO (World Health Organization) (2000). “Obesity: Pre-venting and Managing The Global Epidemic”, Report of a WHO Conculcation, WHO Technical Report Series 894,Geneva,2000.ErişimAdresi:[http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/obesity/WHO_TRS_894/ en/ ].
10. 10 Hong SJ, Moo-Song L, Soo-Young L, Kang-Mo A, Jae-Won O, Kyu-Earn K, et al. High body mass index and dietary pattern are associated with childhood asthma. Pediatric pulmono-logy, 2006, 41.12: 1118-1124.
11. 11 Rabec C, De Lucas Ramos P, Veale D. Respiratory complica-tions of obesity. Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition), 2011, 47.5: 252-261.
12. 12 Leynaert B, Sunyer J, Garcia-Esteban R, Svanes C, Jarvis D, Cerveri I, et al. Gender differences in prevalence, diagnosis and incidence of allergic and non-allergic asthma: a popula-tion-based cohort. Thorax, 2012, 67.7: 625-631.
13. 13 Laaban JP, Orvoen-Frija E, Cassuto D. Mecanismes de l’hypercapnie diurne dans le syndrome d’apnee du sommeil associe a une obesite massive. Presse Med, 1996, 25(1): 12-16.
14. 14 Lopata M, Önal E. Mass loading, sleep apnea and the pat-hogenesis of obesity hypoventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1982, 126(4): 640-5.
15. 15 Farah CS, Salome CM. Asthma and obesity: a known asso-ciation but unknown mechanism. Respirology, 2012, 17(3): 412-421.
16. 16 Fredberg JJ, Inouye DS, Mijailovich SM, Butler JP. Perturbed equilibrium of myosin binding in airway smooth muscle and its implications in bronchospasm. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1999, 159(3): 959–967.
17. 17 Fortis S, Corazalla EO, Wang Q, Kim HJ. The difference between slow and forced vital capacity increases with inc-reasing body mass index: a paradoxical difference in low and normal body mass indices. Respiratory care, 2015, 60.1: 113-118.
18. 18 Rastogi D, Fraser S, Oh J, Huber AM, Schulman Y, Bhagtani RH, et al. Inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and pul-monary function among obese urban adolescents with asthma. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2015, 191.2: 149-160.
19. 19 Schachter LM, Salome CM, Peat JK, Woolcock AJ. Obesity is a risk for asthma and wheeze but not airway hyperrespon-siveness. Thorax, 2001, 56.1: 4-8.
20. 20 Baltieri L, Cazzo E, de Souza AL, Alegre SM, de Paula Vieira R, et al. Influence of weight loss on pulmonary function and levels of adipokines among asthmatic individuals with obesity: One-year follow-up. Respiratory medicine, 2018, 145: 48-56.
21. 21 Forte GC, Grutcki DM, Menegotto SM, Pereira RP ve Dalcin PDTR. Prevalence of obesity in asthma and its relations with asthma severity and control. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 2013, 59.6: 594-599.
22. 22 Ghabashi AE, Iqbal M. Obesity and its correlation with spirometric variables in patients with asthma. Medscape General Medicine, 2006, 8.1: 58