Biochemical and Molecular Effects of Sideritis L. (Dağçayı) Species in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease

Öz

Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by deficiencies in the cholinergic system and beta amyloid deposition in the form of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Evidence that beta amyloid brain proteins used to define Alzheimer's disease also play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease has led to the amyloid-β hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that cerebral beta amyloid deposition leads to tau pathology, neuroinflammation, neuro-nal loss, and cognitive impairment. The cholinergic system plays an important role in the regula-tion of learning and memory processes. According to the cholinergic hypothesis, the impairment of cholinergic functions in Alzheimer's disease is of critical importance in brain regions including the neocortex and hippocampus. It is also known that acetylcholinesterase and butylcholinesterase play an important role in beta amyloid aggregation in the early stages of senile plaque formation. Gamma aminobutyric acid is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and its dysfunction is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Plants belonging to the Sideritis genus, which is from the Lamiaceae family, grow mostly in the Marmara, Aegean and Mediterra-nean regions of our country. Sideritis plants have been used in folkloric medicine since ancient times, mostly in the form of aromatic herbal tea. The use of essential oils in Mediterranean medi-cine as lung disinfectants, diuretics, stomachic drugs and neurorelaxants has been reported in many ethnopharmacological articles. Since recent studies have indicated that Sideritis L. species may have protective and healing effects in neurodegenerative diseases, it was aimed to compile their biochemical and molecular effects. Keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease, Sideritis, Acetylcholine esterase, beta Amyloid

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Sideritis
• Acetylcholine esterase
• beta Amyloid

Alzheimer Hastalığının Patogenezinde Sideritis L. (Dağçayı) Türlerinin Biyokimyasal ve Moleküler Etkileri

Öz

ÖZ İlerleyici bir nörodejeneratif hastalık olan Alzheimer hastalığı, kolinerjik sistemdeki eksiklikler, nörofibriler yumak ve amiloid plaklar şeklinde beta amiloid birikimi ile karakterizedir. Alzheimer hastalığını tanımlamak için kullanılan beta amiloid beyin proteinlerinin aynı zamanda hastalığın patogenezinde de rol aldığına yönelik kanıtlar amiloid-β hipotezini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu hipotez, serebral beta amiloid birikiminin tau patolojisine, nöroinflamasyona, nöronal kayba ve bilişsel bozukluğa yol açtığını ileri sürmektedir. Kolinerjik sistem öğrenme ve hafıza süreçlerinin düzenlenmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Kolinerjik hipoteze göre, Alzheimer hastalığında kolinerjik fonksiyonlardaki bozulma neokorteks ve hipokampüsü içeren beyin bölgelerinde kritik öneme sahiptir. Ayrıca asetilkolinesteraz ve bütilkolinesterazın senil plak oluşumunun erken evrelerinde beta amiloid agregasyonunda önemli bir rol oynadığı bilinmektedir. Gama aminobütirik asit merkezi sinir sisteminde görev yapan en önemli inhibitör nörotransmitterdir ve disfonksiyonu Alzheimer hastalığı ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Lamiaceae familyasından olan Sideritis cinsine ait bitkiler ülkemizde çoğunlukla Marmara, Ege ve Akdeniz bölgelerinde yetişmektedir. Sideritis bitkileri çok eski çağlardan bu yana folklorik tıpta çoğunlukla aromatik bitki çayı şeklinde kullanılmaktadır. Uçucu yağlarının Akdeniz tıbbında akciğer dezenfektanları, diüretikler, mide ilaçları ve sinir gevşetici maddeler olarak kullanımı birçok etnofarmakolojik makalede rapor edilmiştir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda Sideritis L. türlerinin nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda da koruyucu ve iyileştirici etkiye sahip olabileceğine işaret edildiğinden, Alzheimer hastalığındaki biyokimyasal ve moleküler etkilerinin derlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alzheimer Hastalığı
• Sideritis
• Asetilkolin esteraz
• beta Amiloid

Kaynakça

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