The Role of Blood Type in Predicting Outcomes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Patients in the Emergency Department

Öz

Background: ABO blood groups have been proposed as potential factors in risk stratification for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes in patients presenting to the emergency department with UGIB who underwent endoscopic evaluation, according to their blood groups.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 502 adult patients with endoscopically confirmed UGIB. Clinical outcomes assessed were the need for hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, blood transfusion, endoscopic intervention, and in-hospital mortality.

Results: Of the 502 patients, 162 had blood group O and 340 had non-O blood groups; 390 patients were Rh positive and 112 were Rh negative. The need for blood transfusion was required in 303 patients, the need for hospitalization was required in 293 patients, the need for intensive care was required in 93 patients, and the need for endoscopic intervention was required in 81 patients. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 5.37% (n=27). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 5.37% (n=27). There were no statistically significant differences between O and non-O blood groups in terms of the need for blood transfusion, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, or endoscopic intervention (p=0.966, 0.149, 0.470, and 0.458, respectively). However, in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in Rh-negative patients compared to Rh-positive patients (p=0.018).

Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that ABO blood groups have limited value in predicting adverse clinical outcomes in patients with UGIB. While no significant difference in mortality was observed between O and non-O blood groups, mortality was significantly higher in Rh-negative patients. Blood group alone should not be considered sufficient for risk stratification in UGIB

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Endoscopy
• Blood type
• Blood transfusion
• Mortality

Acil Servise Başvuran Üst Gastrointestinal Kanamalı Hastaların Klinik Sonuçlarını Tahmin Etmede Kan Grubunun Rolü

Öz

Amaç: ABO kan grupları, üst gastrointestinal kanama (UGIB) risk sınıflandırmasında potansiyel faktörler olarak önerilmiştir. Bu çalışma, acil servise UGIB ile başvuran ve endoskopik değerlendirme yapılan hastaların klinik sonuçlarını kan gruplarına göre karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır.

Materyal ve metod: Bu retrospektif, tek merkezli çalışmaya endoskopik olarak doğrulanmış UGIB tanısı alan 502 yetişkin hasta dahil edilmiştir. Değerlendirilen klinik sonuçlar arasında hastaneye yatış ihtiyacı, yoğun bakım ünitesine (YBÜ) yatış, kan transfüzyonu, endoskopik müdahale ve hastane içi mortalite yer almaktadır.

Bulgular: Beş yüz iki hastanın 162’si O kan grubuna, 340’ı O olmayan kan gruplarına sahipti; 390 hasta Rh pozitif, 112 hasta Rh negatifti. 303 hastada kan transfüzyonu, 293 hastada yatış, 93 hastada yoğun bakım ve 81 hastada endoskopik müdahale gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Hastane içi mortalite oranı %5,37 (n=27) olarak belirlenmiştir. Kan transfüzyonu, hastaneye yatış, yoğun bakım ünitesine yatış veya endoskopik müdahale ihtiyacı açısından O ve non-O kan grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktu (p değerleri 0,966; 0.149; 0.470; 0,458 sırasıyla). Ancak, Rh negatif hastalarda Rh pozitif hastalara kıyasla hastane içi mortalite anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p=0,018).

Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın bulguları, ABO kan gruplarının UGIB hastalarında olumsuz klinik sonuçları öngörmede sınırlı bir değere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. O ve O olmayan kan grupları arasında mortalite açısından anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiş olsa da, Rh negatif hastalarda mortalite anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Kan grubu tek başına UGIB'de risk sınıflandırması için yeterli kabul edilmemelidir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gastrointestinal kanama
• Endoskopi
• Kan grubu
• Kan transfüzyonu
• Mortalite

Kaynakça

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